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On April 9, 1865 the union along with Grant captured Robert E Lee at Appomattox. The South surrendered and the fight stopped with the two leaders shaking hands.

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Lincoln decided slavery was illegal in all the remaining U.S. states. This was called the Emancipation Proclamation.

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The Confederate States of America consisted of 6 states that seceded from the U.S. Tensions rised and in 1861 the war started between the confederate states and the northern states.

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In 1861 confederate forces opened fire on Fort Sumter and other U.S. forces.This forced the U.S. to fight back even though they didn't want to engage in fights. The U.S. eventually had to surrender to the Confederates.

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In this case a former slave argued that he could not be a slave since he once lived in a free state. But the Supreme Court ruled that since he was a slave he could not sue and that he was property, or less than a human.

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Because the north and south wanted equal amount of free and slave states, new challenges came when the topic of new states came. They used popular sovereignty, which means the new states gets to decide if they would be free or slave states.

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The north and south had fights over free and slave states. The southern people wanted it to be equal between free and slave states, but the north wanted more free states.

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John Brown all lead a rebellion against slavery in 1859. He stormed the arsenal in the south with his 5 sons with intentions of arming all slaves to revolt. No slaves joined in on the fight and he got caught and hung.

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Rivers were the main form of travel for the southern states. That means boats were very important for these southee

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The southern states had long hot summers and mild winters which is the perfect weather for cash crops. The rainfall was plentiful and the rivers were also very important.

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Some southern slaves fought back against their owners and resisted doing their work. They would break tools and fences and also pretend to be dumb, clumsy, blind, or crazy. They also ran away. This caused the masters to be more violent.

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The southern people relied on agriculture and cotton. BEcause of this, southern states wanted to keep slaves and thought it would be very bad to get rid of slaves.

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Although business was great in the north, the conditions of working and living were very bad. For example, most people worked in factories where there was not fresh air, poor lighting, 12-14 hour work days, and no help if you get injured.

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The people of the north had more advantages than in the south. For example, they had better roads and canals, they had steamboats, and the new-found railway system was a good development.

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The industrial revolution caused many economical changes in the north, which made it a better place. For example, the manufacturing was a bigger business, and more widespread.

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This was a movement dedicated to ending alcohol abuse. They wanted to end this alcohol abuse because it ended up having domestic violence and child abuse.

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Women's rights movement started and it started in the west. They could not go to college or have the same jobs as men. This started to change.

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Americans decided they wanted to fight slavery. This started a movement to end slavery There were speeches and newspaper adds trying to end it.

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During the 1800's people realized that they need to fix the problem of public education. During this time only wealth children went to school and poor children would not go to school. Corporal punishment was allowed.

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During the 1800's people decided to make prison life better because of the poor conditions that prison were in. They also separated prisoners from mentally ill because back then they both went to prison.

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The americans started to believe that God hadn't already decided their fat, and that their choices decide their fate in the afterlife.

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Revivals were events were a preacher would encourage the settler to return to God. This made people believe that they should become better people, to please God.

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The americans initially believed in predestination, or the idea that God decided their fate when they were born and they could not change it. This point of view changed during the age of reform.

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The americans felt as if they needed to reform the nation into a better place. This is looked at as a impulse, due to religious beliefs.