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Viruses are small MICROORGANIMES made up of pieces of RNA (ribonucleic acid) or DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), many are encapsulated in an envelope made of proteins known as a capsid, others protect their genetic material with a membrane or envelope derived from the cell the one they infect and some others also surround their capsid with a cell membrane.

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The way in which viruses evade these host defenses are very varied, some of them are:
1) production of proteins that interfere with or disable the cell's molecular warning signals (eg, block the interferon production system), and that can prevent the molecules involved in activating the cell death programming from working; thus allowing the cell to live long enough until the virus has produced a large number of new viruses that will infect more cells.
2) The adaptive immune system (B cells) has memory for the types of viral strains to which the individual has already been exposed, but the high rates of mutation cause the virus to change rapidly so that the adaptive immune system no longer it recognizes and escapes (this method is known as "bait and switch").
3) Some viruses with different origin (eg human influenza and avian influenza) can make mixtures of their genetic material when they infect the same individual of the same or another species (eg pig), this makes the immune system have no memory against this new variant!
4) Use disguises to hide from the cellular defense system; For example, there is a group of viruses known as rotavirus, which have a triple protein layer protecting their genetic material, of which only the outermost is eliminated by enzymes from the digestive system, but the genetic material is kept hidden from the immune system inside of the other two wraps.

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virus video

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¿Qué son los virus? - Ciencias para niños - Partes de los virus

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muchas personas tienen a pesar que una bacteria es lo mismo que un virus. pero, déjenme decirles que están equivocados.
Así que,  ¿que es una bacteria?
Las bacterias son un extenso grupo de microorganismos procariotas (desprovistos de núcleo celular) de diversas formas y tamaños posibles.

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¿Cuál es la diferencia entre virus y bacterias?

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Según su morfología:

Bacilios. De formas alargadas, como barras microscópicas.

Cocos. De formas esféricas o redondas. Las bacterias tipo coco también pueden presentarse en pares (diplococos), en grupos de a cuatro (tetracocos), en cadenas (estreptococos) y en agrupaciones irregulares o racimos (estafilococos).

Formas helicoidales. Pueden ser: vibrios, de forma de coma y ligeramente curvados; espirilos, de forma helicoidal rígida o de tirabuzón; o espiroquetas, en forma de tirabuzón flexible

Fuente: https://concepto.de/bacterias/#ixzz6X1taEDJs

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Antibiotics are drugs that fight bacterial infections in people and animals. They work by killing bacteria or making it difficult for them to grow and multiply.

What are the side effects of antibiotics?
The side effects of antibiotics range from mild to very severe. Some of the common side effects include:

1.Rash
2.Sickness
3.Diarrhea
4.Candida infections

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Según la composición de su pared celular:

Gram positivas. Adquieren un color violáceo o azulado cuando se emplea el tinte, debido a la presencia de una pared celular engrosada.

Gram negativas. Toman un color rosado o rojo cuando se emplea el tinte, debido a la presencia de una pared celular delgada.

Fuente: https://concepto.de/bacterias/#ixzz6X25N54tM

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Antibiotics work against bacteria, destroying them or preventing their reproduction. Bacteria that are susceptible to being killed by the action of an antibiotic are called sensitive. However, some bacteria are immune to the action of the antibiotic, a phenomenon known as resistance. Bacterial resistance to antibiotics can be caused either by the characteristics of the bacteria or because it has evolved in some way to combat the mechanism of action of the antibiotic. Diseases caused by resistant bacteria can be very serious because they are more difficult to treat, often at a higher cost, and it can even lead to the fact that there are no antibiotics capable of fighting them.
Among the factors that influence antibiotic resistance are the unjustified use and abuse of antibiotics in humans, animals and in agriculture. Other important factors are the demand for antibiotic prescriptions and obtaining them without a prescription.

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The process is very simple, and the steps to follow would be:

1.Collect the sample of bacteria to be studied using a swab (sterile cotton stick).

2.Spread said sample on a slide and let it dry.

3.Fix the sample using an alcohol (methanol).

4.Apply the gentian violet stain on the slide and wait one minute.

5.Rinse the sample with water and apply a gentian violet fixative (lugol). Lugol and gentian violet form a water-insoluble complex capable of penetrating the wall of bacterial cells.

6.Wash the slide again with a mixture of alcohol and acetone for a few seconds.

7.Optionally, a safranin or fuchsin stain can be added to distinguish gram negatives that will appear under the microscope (rather than colorless) with a pink or red hue. Wash off with water

8.The sample can now be seen under a microscope, where gram-positive ones will be seen in purple and gram-negative ones in a reddish-pink color.

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La tinción de Gram es una técnica muy sencilla que se basa en el uso de un colorante que permite observar las bacterias mejor que bajo el microscopio. es decir, La tinción de Gram se utiliza en microbiología (desde finales del siglo XIX). Es una técnica muy sencilla que se basa en el uso de un colorante (tinción) y que tiene una gran utilidad en medicina.
por ejemplo: