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Mycorrhizae are a symbiotic association between plant roots and fungi. Their major role is to enhance nutrient and water uptake by the host plant by exploiting a larger volume of soil than roots alone can do.

Yucca plant and the yucca moth
Yucca moths play an important role in the survival of yucca plants. Without the yucca moth, the yucca plant would lose its only pollinator, and without the plant, the moth would lose its food source.

-Vaidehi Shinde

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Pitcher plants are carnivores that use nectar at the rim of their tube-like structure to attract prey such as insects and small vertebrates. A slippery substance at the rim causes these animals to fall into the digestive juices contained in the plant's equivalent of a stomach.

While you might think it would be prudent for animals to avoid these plants where possible, some bats voluntarily clamber inside them.

Woolly bats are known to roost in Nepenthes hemsleyana, a tropical pitcher plant found in Borneo.

While the bat gets a hidey-hole to rest in, the plant benefits by catching the guano (faeces) that the little mammal produces. This provides the plant with the nutrients it needs to survives.

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Fungi create chains of cells known as fungal hyphae. Both algae and fungi are responsible for the formation of the thallus. The algae are autotrophs. It contains chlorophylls which are required for photosynthesis.
Algae and fungi differ in their mode of nutrition. Algae are autotrophic. They have chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis. Fungi are heterotrophic, they are dependent on others for their nutrients requirement. They feed on dead and decaying organic matter.
algae and fungi are together also calledA lichen, or lichenized fungus, is actually two organisms functioning as a single, stable unit. Lichens comprise a fungus living in a symbiotic relationship with an alga or cyanobacterium (or both in some instances). There are about 17,000 species of lichen worldwide.
Lichens are a complex life form that is a symbiotic partnership of two separate organisms, a fungus and an alga.
The algae and fungi are also reproduced byAsexual modes of reproduction in fungi are – budding, fragmentation and spore production and sexual to create a zygospore. Algae – most of them reproduce through normal cell division or fragmentation. But, larger algae reproduce through spores.
Algae is also called plant becauseAlgae are sometimes considered plants and sometimes considered "protists" (a grab-bag category of generally distantly related organisms that are grouped on the basis of not being animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, or archaeans).

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The symbiosis between some plant species and nitrogen-fixing nodule bacteria is one of the most relevant cooperative relationships in the world. It shapes our global vegetation and, not least, the global nitrogen and carbon cycle. The foundations for this process were probably laid in just one evolutionary event around 100 million years ago. This was recently discovered by an international research team including scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany. The researchers also identified species that have a genetic predisposition for this symbiosis but never developed it. These plants could help with research on this symbiosis, and on how it could be crossbred into other species.

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The tree produces hydrocyanic acid which has been isolated from various parts of the tree, especially the leaves. Hydrocyanic acid is extremely poisonous and, because of this, herbivores avoid browsing from this tree. The leaves are, however, eaten by the caterpillar of the Acraea horta or the Garden Acraea (a butterfly of the Nymphalidae family). Their caterpillars sometimes eat the tree bare, but this is part of a natural process and the Kiggelaria trees always rapidly re-grow their foliage .

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Abhiruchi poonia roll no. 32