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There are two main categories: simple and complex carbohydrates.

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There are two main categories: complete and incomplete.

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There are two main categories: fatty acids and steroids.

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There are two main categories: DNA and RNA

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SIMPLE These are single sugars. E.g. glucose, fructose, galactose

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SIMPLE These have two monosaccharides. E.g. sucrose, lactose, maltose

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COMPLEX This have structural differences and can or cannot be digestible. E.g. starch, fiber, and glycogen.

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These can be hydrolyzed and have an open chain. E.g.

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These cannot be hydrolyzed, have a closed chain and 4 fused carbon rings

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COMPLEX This are short chains of monosaccharides, humans don’t have the enzymes to digest them, so they cause bloating, discomfort and flatulence.

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Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxigen

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(CH₂O)n  n>2
A chain of carbons with one or more functional groups

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These contain all essential amino acids and are found mostly in animal food sources.

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This is the genetic material found in living organisms.

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These contain at least one essential amino acid, causing a lack of balance, are found in plant food sources.

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This transports and interprets the genetic information of DNA in order to synthesize the proteins.

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Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxigen

Nitrogen

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Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Phosphorus

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Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxigen

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Hydrogen atom

Carboxyl group (-COOH)

Amino group (-NH₂)

"Variable" group

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CH₃(CH₂)nCOOH
n = 2 - 28
A glycerol molecule attached to one or more long hydrocarbon chains, also can have other groups.

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Pentose sugar

Base

Phosphate

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Energy source and storage, structural component of cell walls and exoskeletons, informational molecules

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Monosaccharides

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Support and maintenance, muscle building, contribute to immune system, enzymes, hormones, fluid and acid balance.

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Help keep warm, store energy, and prevents isolation.

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Contain ADN and keep the genetic information.

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Amino acids

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Fatty acids and glycerol

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Nucleotide

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Fruits, vegetables, and grains. For example raisins, grapes, corn, peas, raisin bran and rice.

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Eggs, milk, beans, nuts, meat, chicken, fish, seeds, cheese, yoghurt .

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Oils, avocado, fish, butter, lard, nuts.

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Fish (seafood), nuts, mushrooms, yeast, cabbage, cauliflower, spinach.

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Brainard, J. (2019). Nucleic acid. Retrieved from https://www.ck12.org/c/physical-science/nucleic-acid/lesson/Nucleic-Acid-Classification-MS-PS/#:~:text=Nucleic%20acids%20are%20one%20of,oxygen%2C%20nitrogen%2C%20and%20phosphorus

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Wilkin, D., Brainard, J. (2019).
2.3 Carbohydrates - Advanced. Retrieved from https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-biology-advanced-concepts/section/2.3/

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Wilkin, D., Brainard, J. (2019). 2.4 Lipids - Advanced. Retrieved from https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-biology-advanced-concepts/section/2.4/

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Wilkin, D., Brainard, J. (2019). 2.5 Proteins - Advanced. Retrieved from https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-biology-advanced-concepts/section/2.5/

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West, M. (2019). What Types of Foods Supply Carbohydrates, Proteins and Lipids? Retrieved from https://www.livestrong.com/article/517141-what-types-of-foods-supply-carbohydrates-proteins-lipids/