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The Mississippi River was very important during the Civil War because it was an important way to move goods and soldiers. The Union won the Battle of Vicksburg here in 1863, which gave them control of the river and split the Confederacy in two. This victory helped the Union win the war.

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Kentucky was a border state during the Civil War, with both Union and Confederate supporters. It was important because controlling Kentucky meant controlling key routes and resources. The state stayed in the Union, but both sides fought for it.

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Tennessee was a major battleground during the Civil War. Key battles like the Battle of Shiloh and the Battle of Chattanooga took place here, with both Union and Confederate armies fighting for control. The Union's victories in Tennessee helped weaken the Confederacy.

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Montgomery, Alabama, was the first capital of the Confederacy during the Civil War. It was here that the Confederate government was formed in 1861 before it moved to Richmond, Virginia. The city played a key role in the early days of the Confederacy.

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Chesapeake Bay served as a vital waterway for both the Union and Confederate navies during the Civil War, with key naval battles such as the Battle of Hampton Roads taking place here. The battle marked the first meeting of ironclad warships—the Union's Monitor and the Confederate Merrimack. Control of the bay was crucial for both sides to maintain supply lines and naval dominance.

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The James River was strategically important to the Confederacy as it provided access to Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital. The Union attempted to blockade the river and disrupt Confederate supply routes, leading to multiple naval and land skirmishes. The river was also the site of the Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia's confrontation with the Union Monitor in 1862.

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The Rappahannock River, flowing through Virginia, became a key battleground in the Eastern Theater, especially during the campaigns of General Robert E. Lee. It was the site of several Union and Confederate maneuvers, including the Battle of Fredericksburg in 1862. The river's crossings played a crucial role in the movement of troops between Northern Virginia and Washington, D.C.

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The Potomac River was essential to Union access to the Confederate capital, Richmond, as it flowed between Washington, D.C., and Virginia. Battles such as the Battle of Ball’s Bluff and the Battle of Antietam were fought near the river, influencing the war’s direction. Control of the river allowed the Union to secure vital communication and supply routes.

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The Ohio River served as a critical supply route for both Union and Confederate forces during the Civil War. It was particularly important in securing the western front, with cities like Cincinnati and Louisville being pivotal Union strongholds. The river also saw skirmishes, such as the Battle of the Ohio River, which helped to shape the balance of power in the western theater.

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Battle of Gettysburg First Shot Marker, Chambersburg Road, Gettysburg, PA

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The Battle of Gettysburg, fought from July 1 to 3, 1863, was the turning point of the Civil War. General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia was decisively defeated by Union forces under General George G. Meade. The battle, which resulted in heavy casualties on both sides, ended Confederate hopes of invading the North.

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Fort Sumter National Monument, South Carolina

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The Battle of Fort Sumter, fought in April 1861, marked the beginning of the Civil War. Confederate forces, under Brigadier General P.G.T. Beauregard, fired upon the Union-held fort in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina, after its garrison, commanded by Major Robert Anderson, refused to surrender. The battle ignited the conflict that would last four years.

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Harper’s Ferry, located in present-day West Virginia, was the site of John Brown’s infamous raid in 1859, where he attempted to incite a slave rebellion by seizing the U.S. Arsenal. In 1862, during the Civil War, it was the location of a key Confederate victory when Stonewall Jackson captured the Union garrison there. Its strategic position along the Potomac River made it a valuable target for both sides.

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The First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) in 1861 was the first major land battle of the Civil War, resulting in a Confederate victory. General Pierre G.T. Beauregard and General Joseph E. Johnston’s Confederate forces routed the Union Army under Brigadier General Irvin McDowell. The battle shattered Northern hopes for a quick end to the war and led to a reorganization of Union forces.

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The Battle of Vicksburg, fought from May 18 to July 4, 1863, gave the Union control over the Mississippi River, effectively splitting the Confederacy in two. General Ulysses S. Grant laid siege to the Confederate stronghold, forcing its surrender after a prolonged siege. This victory, along with the Union win at Gettysburg, marked a turning point in the war.

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The Battle of Fredericksburg, fought in December 1862, was one of the most lopsided Union defeats of the war. General Ambrose Burnside’s Union forces suffered heavy losses trying to assault well-fortified Confederate positions on Marye’s Heights. The battle further weakened Union morale and led to a reevaluation of leadership in the Army of the Potomac.

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The Battle of Chancellorsville, fought in May 1863, was one of Robert E. Lee's most significant victories, where his smaller Confederate forces decisively defeated the Union Army under General Joseph Hooker. However, Lee's victory came at a great cost with the loss of General Stonewall Jackson, one of his most trusted commanders. The battle is often cited as Lee's greatest tactical achievement.

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The Battle of Antietam, fought on September 17, 1862, remains the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with over 22,000 casualties. The Union Army, under General George McClellan, faced off against General Robert E. Lee's Confederate forces, marking a significant strategic victory for the North. The battle's aftermath provided President Abraham Lincoln the opportunity to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

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The Battle of Shiloh, fought in April 1862 in Tennessee, was one of the early major battles of the Civil War, resulting in over 23,000 casualties. Union forces, led by General Ulysses S. Grant, faced a surprise attack by Confederate troops under General Albert Sidney Johnston. The battle ultimately ended in a Union victory, paving the way for further Union advances into the Confederate heartland.

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Baltimore was a key strategic location during the Civil War, serving as an important Union supply port and transportation hub. In 1861, the city witnessed the Baltimore Riot, where Confederate sympathizers clashed with Union troops, illustrating the deep division within the state of Maryland. Its strategic importance also meant it was heavily fortified by the Union throughout the war.

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The capture of New Orleans in April 1862 by Union forces, led by Admiral David Farragut, was a significant turning point in the Civil War. The fall of the Confederate-controlled port effectively cut off the South's primary access to international trade, crippling its economy. The city's capture was crucial in securing the Union's control over the Mississippi River.

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Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Park, Kennesaw, GA

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The Battles of Chickamauga and Chattanooga, fought in 1863, were pivotal engagements in the Western Theater of the Civil War. Chickamauga resulted in a Confederate victory, but the subsequent Battle of Chattanooga saw Union forces, led by General Ulysses S. Grant, break the Confederate siege, opening the path for Union advances into the Deep South. These victories were essential in weakening the Confederacy’s hold in the Western Theater.

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Richmond, the capital of the Confederacy, was the symbolic and strategic heart of the Southern war effort. The city was heavily fortified and served as the headquarters for Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his government. Its fall to Union forces in April 1865, shortly before the end of the war, marked a decisive blow to the Confederacy.

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The capture of Savannah by General William Tecumseh Sherman in December 1864 marked a significant achievement during his infamous "March to the Sea." The city's fall brought an end to Confederate resistance in Georgia and provided a major port to the Union. The victory was also a psychological blow to the Confederacy, signaling that the war was nearing its end.

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Appomattox Court House National Historical Park, National Park Drive, Appomattox, VA

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The surrender of General Robert E. Lee’s Confederate Army to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865, effectively marked the end of the Civil War. This historic event took place in a small Virginia village, symbolizing the collapse of the Confederate cause. Lee’s surrender was the first major step toward the reconciliation and reunification of the United States.

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Washington, D.C. served as the capital of the Union during the Civil War, making it the primary political and military center for the Northern war effort. Despite being located near Confederate states, the city was heavily fortified and witnessed several significant events, including the first major battle at Bull Run and the issuing of the Emancipation Proclamation. It was also the site of President Abraham Lincoln's assassination in April 1865.

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- South Carolina (December 20, 1860)

- Mississippi (January 9, 1861)

- Florida (January 10, 1861)

- Alabama (January 11, 1861)

- Georgia (January 21, 1861)

- Louisiana (January 26, 1861)

- Texas (February 1, 1861)

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- Delaware (January 3, 1861)

- Kentucky (November 18, 1861)

- Maryland (April 19, 1861)

- Missouri (October 28, 1861)

- West Virginia (April 17, 1861)

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- California

- Connecticut

- Illinois

- Indiana

- Iowa

- Kansas

- Maine

- Massachusetts

- Michigan

- Minnesota

- Nevada

- New Hampshire

- New Jersey

- New York

- Ohio

- Oregon

- Pennsylvania

- Rhode Island

- Vermont

- Wisconsin.

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- Virginia

- Arkansas

- Tennessee

- North Carolina

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The Draft Riots of 1863 was a four-day period of violence in New York, New York.

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The Original Capital of the Confederacy

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The second capital of the Confederacy

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Abraham Lincoln was born near Hodgenville, Kentucky.

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Jefferson Davis was born in Kentucky but was raised and lived his childhood in Mississippi.