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U.S. Uses Atomic Bombs on Japan to End WWII: 1945

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U.S. Uses Atomic Bombs on Japan to End WWII: 1945

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Description: On August 6, 1945 the United states dropped the first atomic bomb to be used as a weapon of war on the city of Hiroshima Japan.

Significance: The dropping of the bomb made the USSR determined to possess its own nuclear weapon to even the stakes.

Relation: During the Berlin Blockade of 1948–49, President Truman transferred several B-29 bombers capable of delivering nuclear bombs to the region to signal to the Soviet Union that the United States was both capable of implementing a nuclear attack. ->

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Description: During the multinational occupation of post war Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies' railway, road, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Western control.

Significance:The blockade had convinced the Western powers that they needed to cooperate militarily with other Western countries in order to protect themselves against the threat of the Soviet Union.

Relation: The events unfolded during a time of heightened tension and competition between the Western powers and the Soviet Union. ->

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Description: The Soviets successfully tested their first nuclear device, called RDS-1 or “First Lightning”, at Semipalatinsk on August 29, 1949.

Significance: This event marked the beginning of the arms race between the U.S. and the Soviet Union.

Relation: The perception of the Soviet Union as a nuclear power influenced the dynamics of the Korean War. ->

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Description: The Korean War was fought between North Korea and South Korea from 1950 to 1953. The war began on June 25, 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea. The war ceased with an armistice on July 27, 1953

Significance:The West supported South Korea, while communist China and the Soviet Union supported North Korea. The Korean War ended with millions of casualties.

Relation: While the Korean War itself did not directly lead to the Space Race, the broader Cold War competition and the geopolitical rivalry between the U.S. and the Soviet Union influenced the space exploration efforts of both nations. ->

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Description: The US and the USSR each wanted to achieve technological superiority over the other. Included in that struggle was the race to become the first country to build a rocket capable of launching an object into space.reaching the other country.

Significance: Not only would this be an immense technological achievement, but a rocket that was powerful enough to carry a nuclear warhead capable of reaching the other country.

Relation: The technological and propaganda aspects of the Space Race had indirect implications on the geopolitical dynamics during the Vietnam War era. ->

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Description: NATO was conducting what it considered a routine exercise named Able Archer, a simulation designed to train and test the procedures for shifting from conventional to nuclear war. However, the Soviet Union interpreted the exercise as a prelude to a first strike by the United States.

Significance: The world may have come closer to nuclear war than at any time since the Cuban Missile Crisis.

Relation: heightened fears of nuclear conflict. ->

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Description: Southeast Asia was considered an important sphere of influence by both US and Soviet leaders. When nationalist forces created North Vietnam in 1956, the USSR and China recognized and backed the new communist country while the US became committed to stopping the spread of communism in the region and backed South Vietnam.

Significance: The Vietnam War drastically altered the Cold War atmosphere. As the largest, longest, and bloodiest conflict to take place during the Cold War.

Relation: The division of Berlin and Germany reflected the larger ideological struggle between the superpowers, influencing global events, including the Vietnam War. ->

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Description: The Berlin Wall would prevent the West from having further influence on the East and stop the flow of migrants out of the communist sector. The United States quickly condemned the wall, which divided families and limited freedom of movement.

Significance: The Berlin wall ultimately became the most iconic image of the Cold War in Europe.

Relation: Upon discovering the Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba, the Kennedy administration immediately suspected that the deployment aimed at providing Moscow with new levers of pressure on Berlin. ->

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Description: On October 16, 1962, President John F. Kennedy was briefed by the CIA that an American U-2 spy plane had taken photographs of Soviet nuclear missile launch sites under construction in Cuba. He formed a group of advisors that would later become the Executive Committee to develop the US response.

Significance:the Cuban Missile Crisis had far-reaching consequences, it led to a significant de-escalation in Cold War tensions, the establishment of the NPT, and had lasting implications for US-Cuban relations.

Relation: The Cuban Missile Crisis highlighted the need for improved communication channels between the U.S. and the Soviet Union to avoid the risk of nuclear war. ->

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“HOT LINE” ESTABLISHED BETWEEN US & USSR: 1963

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“HOT LINE” ESTABLISHED BETWEEN US & USSR: 1963

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Description: The Cuban Missile Crisis prompted the US and USSR to set up a "Hot Line" between the two countries to enable rapid and direct communication between them in crisis situations which might impact the security of either country

Significance: The “Hot Line” reduced the time it took for the US and USSR to communicate directly with each other and reduced the possibility for misunderstandings.

Relation: The hotline established between the U.S. and the Soviet Union was instrumental in preventing a potential nuclear conflict during the war scare of 1983. ->

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Description: On May 5, 1987, the last active Titan II ICBM came off alert at Launch Complex 373-8, Little Rock AFB, Arkansas.

Significance: this day marked the end of the operational life of the largest land based missile in the US arsenal.

Relation: Lead to lowering tensions between the two world superpowers. ->

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Description: On November 9, 1989, East and West Berliners came together in celebration. The fall of the Berlin Wall was the first step towards German reunification.

Significance: By October 1990, Germany was reunified, triggering the swift collapse of the other East European regimes.

Relation: Gorbachev's decision to loosen Soviet control on the countries of Eastern Europe created an independent, democratic momentum that led to the collapse of the Berlin Wall. ->

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Description: Leaders of every Eastern European nation except Bulgaria were overthrown by popular uprisings by the end of 1989. The Soviet Union was in turmoil and there were several attempts to overthrow General Secretary Gorbachev. Finally, on December 8, 1991, the Soviet Union collapsed. The president of the Russian Republic, Boris Yeltsin, formed the Commonwealth of Independent states

Significance: After 45 years, the Cold War, the longest war in US history, was over.

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Red= Major event

Yellow= Important event

Green= Minor event