# data[].attributes.body
1. Heart Disease

2. Cancer

3. Covid-19

Infant mortality rate is 543.9 out of 100,000 live births.

Sedimentary lifestyles are greatly affecting the health in the USA.

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Life expectancy at birth is 76.4 years.

Poverty Rate is 11.5%

Unemployment Rate is 3.9%

28.2/10000 (Doctor to Patient Ratio)

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Public and Private

Private health insurance was the largest source of personal health care expenditures.

One-third of personal health care spending. Followed by Medicare, Medicaid (total), all other payers, and out-of-pocket spending.

GDP health expenditure is 17.7%

Citizens expenses per capita is USD 9,787.

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This graph depicts the racial breakdown of the US population.

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Population: 333,287,557

Median Age: 38.1

Life Expectancy Average: 76.1

Men: 73.2

Women: 79.1

Race:

White alone, not Hispanic or Latino 58.9%

Hispanic or Latino 19.1%

Black or African American 13.6%

Asian 6.3%

American Indian and Alaska Native 1.3%

Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander 0.3%

(US Census, 2022)

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USA has various religions but even with that many americans value individualism, equality, materialism, and consumerism (University of Portland, n.d).

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This graph depicts the racial breakdown of the Polish population.

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Population: 41,026,067

Median Age: 40 Years

Life Expectancy Average: 78.6 Years

Men: 74.9 Years

Women: 82.3 Years

Race:

Polish 96.9%

Silesian 1.1%

other/unspecified 1.7%

German 0.2%

Ukrainian 0.1%

(Theodora, 2023), (World Meters, 2023)

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Poland a very faith focused religious nation that values honesty, respect and family (Educators.com, 2022).

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The US as a very large and well-trained health workforce. As well many research programs and high-quality specialists. But does suffer from incomplete coverage of its citizens.

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Poland's health care system is very effective in giving primary care to its residents. But they do need help improving their organizational structure and funding their systems.

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The USA quality of health care ranks 10th worldwide.

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Poland ranks 30th in quality of healthcare worldwide.

# data[].attributes.body
Philipp, J. (2020, August 19). An overview of healthcare in Poland. The Borgen Project. https://borgenproject.org/healthcare-in-poland/#:~:text=Poland’s%20healthcare%20system%20is%20effective,Poland’s%20healthcare%20system%20since%201999.

Poland ranks 30th in Healthcare. Freopp.org. (n.d.). https://freopp.org/poland-health-system-profile-30-in-the-world-index-of-healthcare-innovation-1d6d2111d4f9  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24025796/#:~:text=It%20has%20a%20large%20and,medical%20outcomes%20in%20the%20world.

U.S. healthcare system ranks sixth worldwide - innovative but fiscally unsustainable. Peter G. Peterson Foundation. (n.d.). https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2022/01/us-healthcare-system-ranks-sixth-worldwide-innovative-but-fiscally-unsustainable#:~:text=February%203%2C%202022-,U.S.%20Healthcare%20System%20Ranks%20Sixth%20Worldwide%20%E2%80%94%20Innovative%20but%20Fiscally%20Unsustainable,among%20the%20world’s%20healthcare%20systems.

# data[].attributes.body
Theodora. (2023). Poland People 2023, CIA World Factbook. Theodora.com. Retrieved December 1, 2023, from https://theodora.com/wfbcurrent/poland/poland_people.html

US Census. (2022). United States Census. U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: United States. Retrieved December 1, 2023, from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US/PST045222

World Meters. (2023). Poland Demographics 2023 (Population, Age, Sex, Trends). Worldometer. Retrieved December 1, 2023, from https://www.worldometers.info/demographics/poland-demographics/

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Bartram, F. (n.d). 7 Company Values Examples From Top Organizations. People Managing People. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://peoplemanagingpeople.com/culture/company-values-examples/

Educators.com. (2022, January 20). Study in Poland: Language & Culture in Poland. Education Abroad. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://www.educations.com/study-guides/europe/study-in-poland/language-culture-18007

University of Portland. (n.d). American Values and Assumptions. University of Portland. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://www.up.edu/iss/advising-services/american-values.html

Willis, P. (2019, November 14). Why clarifying your values boosts self esteem & confidence, & the Hawaiian concept of Pono. Unchain Your Brain. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://www.unchainyourbrain.org/2019/11/14/why-clarifying-your-values-boosts-self-esteem-the-hawaiian-concept-of-pono/

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Percent of GDP - 18.82% (2020)

$USD per capita - $11,702.41 (2020)

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Percent of GDP - 6.59% (2021)

$USD per capita - $1,183.05 (2021)

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The USA spends a significantly higher % of GDP on healthcare as compared to Poland. The USA also spends more U.S. dollars per capita as compared to Poland. The image here displays the difference in healthcare expenditures as % of GDP.

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Service delivery settings:

Hospitals

Community-based care

Private practices

Home healthcare

Composition of healthcare workforce (OECD, 2021):

# doctors/1000 inhabitants - 2.6

# nurses/1000 inhabitants - 11.98

# medical school graduates/100,000 inhabitants - 8.1

# nursing school graduates/100,000 inhabitants - 65.6

# data[].attributes.body
Service delivery settings (Smarżewska et al., 2022):

Hospitals

Clinics

Ambulance stations

Independent practice providers

Composition of healthcare workforce (OECD, 2021):

# doctors/1000 inhabitants - 2.4

# nurses/1000 inhabitants - 5.10

# medical school graduates/100,000 inhabitants - 10.6

# nursing school graduates/100,000 inhabitants - 23.9

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USA vs Poland Healthcare Delivery System

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USA vs Poland Healthcare Delivery System

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Both the U.S. and Poland are experiencing a shortage in nurses, however the U.S. is graduating significantly more nurses than Poland and has a higher number of nurses per 1000 inhabitants (OECD, 2021). Poland has a higher number of medical graduates per 100,000 inhabitants as compared to the U.S., however the U.S. has a slightly higher number of doctors per 1,000 inhabitants as compared to Poland (OECD, 2021).

# data[].attributes.body
Smarżewska, D., Wereda, W. S., & Jończyk, J. A. (2022). Assessment of the Health Care System in Poland and Other OECD Countries Using the Hellwig Method. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(24), 16733. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416733

OECD (2021), Health at a Glance 2021: OECD Indicators, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/ae3016b9-en.

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World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure database (apps.who.int/nha/database). The data was retrieved on April 7, 2023.

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The USA's GDP has increased 5.2% annually for Quarter 3, 2023 from a 2.1% increase in Quarter 2 (bea.gov, 2023). These increases are due to increase consumer spending and inventory investment. Though some say this increase consumer spending is due to rising inflation (RUGABER, 2023).

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Poland's growth has been inconsistent since 2022 and as of 2023 declined towards a recession. GDP has slowed from 6% to 1.5 in Quarter 2 of 2023 (Kalasopatan, 2023).

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1 Polish Zolty = 0.25 USD (Xe.com, n.d)

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BEA.gov. (2023, 11 30). Gross Domestic Product | U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://www.bea.gov/data/gdp/gross-domestic-product

Future Learn. (2021, June 10). How does the economy work? The basics of economics. FutureLearn. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://www.futurelearn.com/info/blog/how-does-the-economy-work

Kalasopatan, C. (2023, October 16). POLAND: SOME CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE GOVERNMENT. economic-research.bnpparibas.com. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://economic-research.bnpparibas.com/html/en-US/Poland-Some-challenges-future-government-10/16/2023,48995

Reaume, A. (2023, August 1). What Is Money and How Does It Drive the Economy? RBC Royal Bank. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://www.rbcroyalbank.com/en-ca/my-money-matters/money-academy/economics-101/economics-for-beginners/what-is-money-and-how-does-it-drive-the-economy/

RUGABER, C. (2023, October 27). US consumers keep spending briskly even in the face of persistent inflation and high interest rates. AP News. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://apnews.com/article/inflation-prices-federal-reserve-rates-economy-spending-657deb16464e6da9512291822839b342

Xe.com. (n.d). 1 PLN to USD - Polish Zlotych to US Dollars Exchange Rate. Xe. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=PLN&To=USD

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USA: Democracy

Definition: Power of government rests on the citizens to vote for government officials.

Political Parties: Two main voting parties Democrats and Republicans.

President: Joe Biden

States: 50

Counties: 3,143

(Wise Voter, n.d)

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Type:Unitary Parliamentary Republic

Definition: Government in a parliamentary system where the president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of the government (CIA, n.d).

Political Parties: There are 62 total political parties but only 17 are represented in polish parliament (Sas, 2023).

President: Andrzej Duda

Prime Minister: Mateusz Morawiecki

Regions: 16

Counties: 314

Municipalities: 2478

(European Committee of Regions, n.d)

# data[].attributes.body
CIA. (n.d). Government type - The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/government-type/

Creative Fabrica. (n.d). Government Icon Graphic by aimagenarium · Creative Fabrica. Creative Fabrica. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://www.creativefabrica.com/product/government-icon-19/

European Committee of Regions. (n.d). CoR - Poland. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://portal.cor.europa.eu/divisionpowers/Pages/Poland.aspx

Sas, A. (2023, March 30). Poland: Number of political parties 2020. Statista. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1184225/poland-number-of-political-parties/

Slack. (2022, 06 22). Introducing GovSlack, a digital HQ to support secure government work. Slack. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://slack.com/blog/news/govslack-secure-compliant-government-work

Wise Voter. (n.d). States With the Most Counties 2023. Wisevoter. Retrieved December 2, 2023, from https://wisevoter.com/state-rankings/states-with-the-most-counties/

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1. Ischemic Heart Disease

2. Stroke

3. Lung Cancer

Infant mortality rate is 2.8 per 1000 live births.

Tobacco use still remains above the EU average and the same is true with alcohol.

5 year cancer survival rate is lower then the EU average.

Obesity is a growing problem and the government have introduced a sugar tax on drinks.

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Life expectancy at birth is 76.6 years

Poverty Rate is 15.4%

Unemployment Rate is 3.2%

ONLY 26% are satisfied with the quality and availability of their healthcare

2.4/1000 (Doctor to Patient Ratio)

5.10/1000 (Nurse to Patient Ratio)

Wait times for visits are a serious problem

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Public and Private

Healthcare expenditure of GDP is 6.46%

GDP to financing healthcare was 8.86%

Government spent USD 1643 per capita.

Citizens bore the expenses of USD 646 per year.

93.4% of citizens were cover by free universals benefits.

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Emily A. Shrider and John Creamer, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Reports (2022), P60-280, Poverty in the United States: U.S. Government Publishing Office, Washington, DC, September 2023.

Xu JQ, Murphy SL, Kochanek KD, Arias E. (2022) Mortality in the United States, 2021. NCHS Data Brief, no 456. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/ cdc:122516.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Physicians - Health, United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/topics/physicians.htm

# data[].attributes.body
Xu JQ, Murphy SL, Kochanek KD, Arias E. (2022) Mortality in the United States, 2021. NCHS Data Brief, no 456. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.15620/ cdc:122516.

Poland infant mortality rate 1950-2023. MacroTrends. (2022). https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/POL/poland/infant-mortality-rate

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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Health Care Expenditures - health, United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/topics/health-care-expenditures.htm

Smarżewska, D., Wereda, W. S., & Jończyk, J. A. (2022). Assessment of the Health Care System in Poland and Other OECD Countries Using the Hellwig Method. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(24), 16733. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416733

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BBC. (2023, June 20). United States country profile. BBC. Retrieved December 4, 2023, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-16761057

BBC. (2023, June 26). Poland country profile. BBC. Retrieved December 4, 2023, from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-17753718