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World War II conference of the three chief Allied leaders-Roosevelt of the United States, Churchill of Great Britain, Stalin of the Soviet Union,

Met at Yalta in the Crimea to plan the final defeat and occupation of Nazi Germany.

Stalin asks for Eastern European countries-promised free, democratic elections-HA!

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SEPARATION of Communist(Soviet Satellite nations) and Democratic countries in Eastern Europe

Barbed wire and guards separated them
These countries also called-EASTERN BLOC, COMMUNIST BLOC, SOVIET BLOC

SATELLITE COUNTRIES can be near or far from Soviet Union

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“European Recovery
Program.” Marshall(Secretary of State).The U. S. should provide
aid to all European nations
that need it. Ensure these countries DO NOT become Communist.$13 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected].

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FORMED NEAR THE END OF WWII

CREATE A BODY FOR THE NATIONS OF THE WORLD TO TRY AND PREVENT FUTURE GLOBAL WARS

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“CONTAINMENT” OF COMMUNISM
ASSIST COUNTRIES THREATENED BY COMMUNIST TAKEOVER

“The U. S. should support free peoples throughout the world who were resisting takeovers by armed minorities or outside pressures…We must assist free peoples to work out their own destinies in their own way”.

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LASTED FOR 1 YEAR 1948-1949 STALIN HAD BLOCKADED SUPPLIES TO WEST BERLIN TRUMAN AUTHORIZED GOODS AIR DROPPED TO THEM

STALIN REALIZED AIRLIFT WAS WORKING-LIFTED BLOCKADE

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The Soviet Union exploded its first A-bomb in 1949 developing nuclear weapons. Now there were two nuclear superpowers!

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FIRST TIME U.S. INVOLVED IN PEACETIME MILITARY ALLIANCE SINCE REVOLUTIONARY WAR

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Mao Zedong led a civil war in 1949-His forces win & CHINA BECOMES COMMUNIST-supported by the USSR Previous leader Chiang Kai-Shek (Nationalist Party moved to Formosa-now Taiwan) US supported the Nationalist Party but would not get involved militarily.

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Deng Xiaoping (Pres. of China)

Continued Communist control of gov't but...

Reformed communist economy to market economy caused economic growth

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A north koran aggressed war was started against the south with the us supporting the south and china and Russia as supporters for the north.

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This was the year the Korean War ended in a stale mate at the 38th parallel. The south would become very successful nation, with a economy controlled by one company owed by one family. While the north is controlled by a dictator with most of its population starving to death or ending up dead in a hellish camp.

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Formed by the ussr and contained
U. S. S. R., Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, And Romania. The other nations where weary of the USSRs intense control of the pact.

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JFK and Khrushchev meet to talk about Berlin and nuke build up. JFK was not taken seriously by Khrushchev and was seen as immature (He was a bad person like most Presidents) and a weak leader.

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After the Berlin Airlift and Blockade the soviets build a wall between east and west Germany to prevent easterners from leaving their horrible country and enter freedom.

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Kennedy tells the Berliners that the countries that make up nato are with the west berliners. This speech raised the confidence of the west berliners and gave them hope that they will reunite with there eastern half.

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Cuba is now Communist. Cia got ex cubans to kill Castro and take back the country they ended up being jailed or killed and the plan was a failure.

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In 1962 the CIA Found something horrifying in cuba, nuke silos where ready for bombs and FOR 13 DAYS The US AND The USSR HAD SHIPS AND NUKES POINTED AT EACH OTHER SOVIETS BACKED OFF This is the CLOSEST US and USSR CAME TO NUCLEAR WAR

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JFK was killed on Nov 22, 1963 by wanna be soviet Lee Harvey Oswald. VP Lyndon J was sworn in a President of the US.

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In 1954 the communists north Vietnam Kicked out the french and then set their sights on the south, they where led by Ho Chi Min. Vietnam was controlled by the French until 1954 when they were defeated Vietnam is split into North Vietnam (Communist) led by Ho Chi Min and South Vietnam (democratic) America gets involved “containment of communism” to help South Vietnam when it was invaded by North Vietnam

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In 1964, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution gave Johnson the authority to send US troops there.550,000  Americans could not win with the North Vietnamese supplied by China and the USSR.

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Nixon tried “Vietnamization”(replacing American troops with South Vietnamese troops). 1975-North and South Vietnam merge under Communist control. Today-we have diplomatic and trading relations with them

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(PM of Britain)

Promotes free trade less gov't regulation of business

Asserted UK's military power

Creates closer relations with U.S

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The freeze ends as dose the iron curtain the wall and the union.

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He created a Conservative Economic Policy for the United States that fixed the 1980 Recession . It was nicknamed Reaganomics.

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He proposed the Strategic Defense Initiative (Star Wars); it was a missile system that could shoot down Nuclear weapons from space.  It caused concern for the Soviet Union

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REAGAN CHALLENGED Gorbachev TO “OPEN THIS GATE AND TEAR DOWN THIS WALL"

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On March 11, Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union. Gorbachev ushered in an era of reform. Perestroika Economic reform- restructuring Glasnost Means openness, allowed greater free expression and criticism of Soviet policies

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Expansion of NATO:

NATO got more powerful as more countries joined it

Ripping down of berlin Wall

Symbolizes end of Communism in eastern Europe and end of cold War

1989-protestors begin tearing down Berlin _Wall, Others behind the Iron Curtain _begin to protest

The wall comes down November 1989

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CHINESE STUDENTS ALSO HAD PROTESTS AGAINST THEIR OPPRESSIVE COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT THESE WERE UNSUCCESSFUL AS A MARTIAL LAW WAS IMPOSED AND MANY PROTESTORS WERE JAILED OR MASSACRED

1991-BUSH AND GORBACHEV END OF COLD WAR

DISSOLUTION OF THE SOVIET UNION-Now called Russia again