# data[].attributes.body
1. Born in: Makkah. Friday, 13th of Rajab, thirty years after the incident of the Elephant, corresponding 17th of March, 599 CE
2. He came from a respectable family of the Quraish tribe, Banu Hashim and he was the cousin of Prophet Muhammad SAW.
3. Ali Ibn Abu Talib RA was one of the ten men given the tidings of Paradise

Memorable Characteristics

1. When disbelievers of Makkah plotted to kill the Prophet SAW, the Angel Gabriel AS revealed to him the details of that evil conspiracy and asked him (S.A.W.) not to sleep in his bed that night. So, the Prophet SAW asked Ali RA to sleep in his bed to impersonate him, while the Prophet SAW left his house safely at night and migrated to Madinah.
2. Ali RA also migrated to Madinah to join the Prophet SAW. Ali RA had suffered immensely in his journey to Madinah, as he spent that long journey walking on his feet. As he reached Madinah, the Prophet SAW met him gladly, sending faithful prayers to Allah seeking goodness and blessings for Ali Ibn Abu Talib RA.
3. He participated in almost all the battles against the unbelievers during the time of the Prophet Muhammad SAW, except for the Battle of Tabuk in the year 9th Hijri, as the Prophet SAW had placed Ali RA in charge of the city.

Outstanding Achievements

1. Ali RA was so reliable and trustworthy that the Prophet SAW designated him as one of the scribes who would write down the text of the Holy Quran, which had been revealed to the Prophet SAW during his lifetime.
2. As Islam began to spread throughout Arabia, Ali RA helped to establish the new Islamic order by carrying the massages and declaring the Islamic guidelines.
3. He was well versed in the knowledge of lineages, proverbs and the history of important-events. He travelled to Syria and Ethiopia and mixed with non-Arab people, learning things about their lives and customs that no one else knew.
4. He was regarded as one of the men of Banu Umayyah clan who were held in high esteem by all of Quraish.
5. It was narrated that Ali RA was the one who advised Umar RA to set Hijra as the beginning of the Islamic calendar. It was Ali RA who gave advice to Umar RA to go to Jerusalem in order to receive the Holy Mosque from the Romans, while Umar RA placed Ali RA in charge of Madinah. Ali RA was one of the electoral council to choose the third caliph which was appointed by Umar RA. Uthman RA and Ali RA were the two major candidates.

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.islamicfinder.org/knowledge/biography/story-of-ali-ibn-talib-ra/amp/

- Nuryn & Firzanah

# data[].attributes.body
1. He was born in 599 CE in Makkah and he died in 661 CE.

2. He is the cousin and son-in-law of Prophet Muhammad S.A.W. He married Prophet S.A.W. 's daughter, Fatimah.

3. His father Abu Talib was a chief of Banu Hashim tribe and he was the custodian of the Kaaba.

4. Ali Ibn Abu Talib (R.A.) was one of the ten men given the tidings of Paradise. He was a prominent scholar, a courageous soldier, a notable ascetic, and a remarkable orator.

-Ainul, Syarah, Aniyyah

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Praise be to Allah, and prayers and peace be upon the Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) and his sanctiﬁed and dedicated Companions (R.A.), as well as all their followers till the Day of Judgment.

In this article, we present a brief-biography of the fourth caliph of Islam Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A.).

His Ancestry, Family and Attributes:

His full name is Ali Ibn Abu Talib Bin Abdul-Muttalib Bin Hashim. He came from the most respectable family of Quraish tribe, the family of Banu Hashim, and he was the cousin of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). His mother was Fatimah and she embraced Islam early and migrated to Madinah. His father Abu Talib was a chief of Banu Hashim tribe and he was the custodian of the Kaaba. Abu Talib was uncle of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.). Abu Talib was a descendant of the Prophet Ishmael (A.S.), the son of Ibrahim (A.S.).

The documents indicated that Ali (R.A.) was born in Makkah on Friday, 13th of Rajab, thirty years after the incident of the Elephant, corresponding 17th of March, 599 CE.

Ali Ibn Abu Talib (R.A.) was one of the ten men given the tidings of Paradise, he married the Prophet's daughter Fatimah and he embraced Islam so early. He was a prominent scholar, a courageous soldier, a notable ascetic, and a remarkable orator. Further, he was occupied with the collection of the Holy Quran and revising it over with the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.).

His Early life and Acceptance of Islam:

When Ali (R.A.) was at the age of ﬁve, Quraish was struck with a drought that affected the economical status in Makkah. Hence, the Prophet (S.A.W.) appealed to his uncle Al-Abbas to help Abu Talib during the crisis. They offered Abu Talib to care for his children, as Al-Abbas chose to care for Jafar and the Prophet (S.A.W.) took Ali (R.A.) and gave him every kindness and affection in his early childhood, which inﬂuenced him for the rest of his life. He grew up in the household of the Prophet (S.A.W.), and when the Prophet received his mission, Ali (R.A.) was the ﬁrst to become Muslim from early childhood.

Once Ali ibn Abu Talib (R.A.) came back home while the Prophet (S.A.W.) and his noble wife Khadijah (R.A.) were praying. Ali (R.A.) asked about the prayer, then the Prophet (S.A.W.) told him that it is the right religion from Allah, that demands worshiping no god but Allah. Ali (R.A.) said that he has never heard about this before, and has to tell his father Abu Talib about it, but the Prophet (S.A.W.) asked him to keep the matter in secret. The next morning Ali (R.A.) came to the Prophet (S.A.W.) and declared his Islam. At the beginning, he kept his Islam a secret, fearing from his father, but when Abu Talib recognized him, he approved his and asked him to sustain to it while Abu Talib refused to depart the religion of his late fathers till he passed away.

His Role in Prophet's (S.A.W.) Migration to Madinah:

The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) remained in Makkah waiting for Allah's permission to migrate to Madinah while his Companions migrated early. When disbelievers of Makkah plotted to kill the Prophet (S.A.W.), the Angle Gabriel (A.S.) revealed to him the details of that evil conspiracy and asked him (S.A.W.) not to sleep in his bed that night. So, the Prophet (S.A.W.) asked Ali (R.A.) to sleep in his bed to impersonate him, while the Prophet (S.A.W.) left his house safely at night and migrated to Madinah.

The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) was well-known as the most trustworthy of men, although they did not accept his mission, the people of Makkah continued to keep their trusts of cash and gold in his safe-keeping. It was Ali (R.A.) whom the Prophet (S.A.W.) trusted to return the possessions to their owners when he left for Madinah. Thereafter, Ali (R.A.) also migrated to Madinah to join the Prophet (S.A.W.). Ali (R.A.) had suffered immensely in his journey to Madinah, as he spent that long journey walking on his feet. As he reached Madinah, the Prophet (S.A.W.) met him gladly, sending faithful prayers to Allah seeking goodness and blessings for Ali Ibn Abu Talib (R.A.).

With the migration to Madinah, the Prophet (S.A.W.) laid down the foundations of the Islamic country. He (S.A.W.) started with creating bounds of brotherhood among his Companions, built the mosque, endorsed a treaty with the Jews in Madinah, started sending detachments, and overall constituted a new society. Ali (R.A.) was extremely active in serving the Prophet (S.A.W.), being so close to him, following his orders and learning from his guidance.

His Marriage with Fatimah (R.A.):

Ali (R.A.) married the Prophet's (S.A.W.) most beloved daughter Fatimah (R.A.), one of the best women all over, her mother was Khadijah Bint Kuwailid (R.A.). The blessed marriage took place in Madinah after the Battle of Ohud, as Fatimah (R.A.) was ﬁfteen years old. Thus, Ali (R.A.) had the additional honor of being the father of the Prophet's (S.A.W.) progeny through his sons from Fatimah (R.A.), Al-Hasan (R.A.), Al-Husayn (R.A.), Zainab (R.A.), and Umm Kulthoom (R.A.).

Ali (R.A.) During Prophet Muhammad's (S.A.W.) Era:

Ali (R.A.) was so reliable and trustworthy that the Prophet (S.A.W.) designated him as one of the scribes who would write down the text of the Holy Quran, which had been revealed to the Prophet (S.A.W.) during his lifetime. As Islam began to spread throughout Arabia, Ali (R.A.) helped to establish the new Islamic order by carrying the massages and declaring the Islamic guidelines. Further, Ali (R.A.) was instructed to write down the Treaty of Hudaybiyah, the peace treaty between the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) and Quraish. Ali (R.A.) was sent to Yemen to spread the teachings of Islam. He was also charged with settling several disputes and putting down the uprisings of various tribes.

He was well versed in the knowledge of lineages, proverbs and the history of important-events. He travelled to Syria and Ethiopia and mixed with non-Arab people, learning things about their lives and customs that no one else knew. He took care of the business that he had inherited from his father and his wealth grew. He was regarded as one of the men of Banu Umayyah clan who were held in high esteem by all of Quraish. Thus, Uthman (R.A.) was regarded as being of high status among his people and he was loved dearly.

His Bravery and Struggle to Support Islam:

Ali (R.A.) was well known of his bravery. He participated in almost all the battles against the unbelievers during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), except for the Battle of Tabuk in the year 9th Hijri, as the Prophet (S.A.W.) had placed Ali (R.A.) in charge of the city.

As well as being the standard-bearer in those battles, Ali (R.A.) led parties of warriors on raids into enemy lands. At the Battle of Badr, he defeated the Umayyad champion Walid Ibn Utba as well as twenty other polytheist soldiers. Ali (R.A.) was prominent at the Battle of Uhud, when the bearer of the Islamic standard was martyred, it was Ali (R.A.) who raised it up, but challenged by the unbeliever Talha Ibn Uthman, promptly Ali (R.A.) Attacked him and he fell to the ground. It was Ali (R.A.) too, who drew around the Prophet (S.A.W.) with other Companions, in the battle of Uhud, when the archers deserted their spots in quest of booty, and in the chaos which ensued when almost all took ﬂight, Ali (R.A.) whom Allah Had protected, stood steadfast beside the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.).

In the Battle of the Trench, Ali (R.A.) bravely defeated a prominent leader of the unbelievers called Amr Ibn Wudd. In the Battle of Khaybar, Ali (R.A.) defeated the great Jewish commander Marhab. When the Muslim army failed to conquer the Jewish fortress twice, the Prophet (S.A.W.), offered the command and the standard to Ali (R.A.). The fortress ﬁll to the onslaught of the Muslims and victory attained. Additionally, Ali (R.A.) was one the Companions who stood unwavering beside the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.) in the Battle of Hunain.

Ali (R.A.) During Caliphate of Abu Bakr (R.A.):

After the death of the Prophet (S.A.W.), all the Companions (R.A.) pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr (R.A.), except Ali (R.A.), who did so later due to the fact that he was engaged in arranging the Prophet's (S.A.W.) funeral. Besides, he had an oath upon the Prophet's (S.A.W.) death that he would not engage in anything except prayer until he completed compiling the Quran. Ali (R.A.) gave his pledge of loyalty to Abu Bakr (R.A.) and assisted him throughout his Caliphate.

After terminating the expedition of Usamah, Abu Bakr (R.A.) sent Ali (R.A.) with a group of the Companions to protect the borders of the city in that critical time. In addition, Abu Bakr (R.A.) consulted Ali (R.A.) before ﬁghting apostasy and the Romans. Narrations revealed that judgeship was delegated to Ali (R.A.) during the time of Abu Bakr (R.A.).

Ali (R.A.) During Caliphate of Umar ibn Al-Khattab (R.A.):

Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (R.A.) was elected as the second Caliph after Abu Bakr's (R.A.) death. Ali (R.A.) pledged his allegiance to Umar (R.A.) and helped him as a trusted advisor. During the caliphate of Umar (R.A.), the Islamic army conquered the Roman Emperor in Syria, Egypt and north Africa. Additionally, the Islamic army conquered the Persian Emperor in Iraq, Persia, Khurasan, extending to the borders of Turkey and India. All the way through, Umar (R.A.) used to consult the wise Companions of the Prophet (S.A.W.) such as Ali (R.A.), and seek their suggestions in political issues.

It was narrated that Ali (R.A.) was the one who advised Umar (R.A.) to set Hijra as the beginning of the Islamic calendar. It was Ali (R.A.) who gave advice to Umar (R.A.) to go to Jerusalem in order to receive the Holy Mosque from the Romans, while Umar (R.A.) placed Ali (R.A.) in charge of Madinah. Ali (R.A.) was one of the electoral council to choose the third caliph which was appointed by Umar (R.A.). Uthman (R.A.) and Ali (R.A.) were the two major candidates.

Ali (R.A.) During Caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan (R.A.):

Uthman Ibn Affan (R.A.) was elected as the third Caliph. Ali (R.A.) pledged his allegiance to Uthman (R.A.) and remained in Madinah supporting him. Ali (R.A.) represented a considerable role during the incitement to rebellion against Uthman (R.A.). Ali supported Uthman (R.A.) and defended him by offering advice and facing the provincial opposition coming from Egypt and Iraq. They aimed at displacing Uthman (R.A.) with Ali (R.A.), but the latter resolutely rejected their demands. Thus, they pretended to be retreating, but after three days, they came back to Madinah to besiege Uthman (R.A.) and his family. Ali (R.A.) and his sons defended Uthman (R.A.) ardently and they were intended to ﬁght the rebellious, but Uthman (R.A.) refused killing people for his sake. It was an intricate tribulation in Islamic history, marked by the murder of Uthman (R.A.).

Ali Ibn Abi Talib (R.A.): The Fourth Caliph:

After the killing of third Caliph Uthman (R.A.), Prophet's Companions approached Ali (R.A.) asking him to be Caliph, he has declined the responsibility of this great ofﬁce ﬁrst, suggesting to be a counselor instead of a chief. But ﬁnally, he decided to put the matter before the Muslim public in the Prophet's Mosque, as a result, the overwhelming majority of the Companions in Madinah considered Ali (R.A.) to be the most suitable person to be Caliph after Uthman (R.A.). Thus, he agreed to take the responsibility. On 25th of Dhul-Hijjah 35H (24th June, 656 CE), pledges of loyalty were sworn to Ali (R.A.).

Several problems faced the new Caliph when he took power. Firstly, he has to establish peace in the state and to ameliorate the deteriorating political situation. Secondly, he needed to take action against the assassins of Uthman (R.A.).

The political state of Madinah was disturbed by the presence of Abdullah ibn Saba and his illegal party, supported by slaves - ﬂed from their bosses- and village dwellers. Ali (R.A.) asked all the followers of Ibn Saba to leave Madinah and return to their regions. The illegal party headed by Abdullah ibn Saba did not obey the Caliph's order and pretended to be staying there as his friends. Their purpose in staying was to create mischief and troubles among Muslims. When the orders of the Caliph were disobeyed, Ali (R.A.) offered entire freedom to the Companions, including Talha and Al-Zubair, who requested to avenge the death of Uthman (R.A.). Soon they believed that it is impossible to detect the killers in such critical circumstances.

The reign of Ali (R.A.) was notably marked by the occurrence of ordeals and troubles among Muslims. A careful reading in Islamic history revealed that the main cause of those troubles were the Sabites party, supported by ﬂed slaves and village dwellers. Their leader Abdullah ibn Saba was a jew but pretended conversion to Islam during the reign of Uthman ibn Affan (R.A.). The main goal of Ibn Saba was to split the Muslims and spread anarchy in the Islamic society. He Provoked Muslims to kill Uthman (R.A.) since he assumed that Uthman (R.A.) had occupied the seat of Ali (R.A.). He was the main source of mischief and revolution during the reign of Ali (R.A.).

The reign of Ali (R.A.) did not comprise new conquer, but characterized with civil and cultural accomplishments such as; police organization, constructing the court of arbitration and building jails. Besides, Ali (R.A.) transferred the capital of Caliphate from Madinah to Kufah in Iraq, due to its strategic position in the mid of the Islamic country at that time. Kufah thrived as the schools of jurisprudence and grammar were established. In addition, Ali gave his orders to furnish the letters of the Holy Quran with vowel signs for the ﬁrst time.

His Martyrdom:

On the night that Ali (R.A.), Ibn Al-Tiyah came to him to call him for the prayer when the dawn appeared. At this time, Ali (R.A.) was reclining heavily. So he returned the second time while Ali (R.A.) was still in the same position and again he returned the third time. After the third time, Ali (R.A.) rose and walked to the mosque. When he got to the small door, Ibn Muljam sprang out and struck him.

Ali (R.A.) died in 17th of Ramadan, 40H (25th January, 661CE). His Caliphate continued for ﬁve years.

An elder from the Quraishi reported that when Ali (R.A.) was struck by Ibn Muljam, Ali (R.A.) said:

"I have succeeded by the Lord of the Kabah."

When Ali (R.A.) was struck, he advised his sons and then he never said any other words except:

"No God but Allah"

until his soul was taken. He was washed by his sons Hasan (R.A.) and Hussain (R.A.) and Abdullah Ibn Jafar (R.A.). Al-Hasan (R.A.) led the funeral prayer for him.

May Allah have mercy on Ali Ibn Abu Talib and be pleased with him and assemble us among his company.

Source

Book Name: Ali Ibn Abi Talib (May Allah be pleased with him)

Managed by: Kamal Ahmad

Translated by: Manal Qutub

From the Series of: Men and Women around Muhammad (S.A.W.)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Story of Ali ibn Talib (R.A.) | IslamicFinder

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Praise be to Allah, and prayers and peace be upon the Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) and his sanctiﬁed and dedicated Companions (R.A.), as well as all their followers till the Day of Judgment. In this article, we present a brief-biography of the fourth caliph of Islam Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A.).

# data[].attributes.headline
Al-Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abu Bakr As-Siddiq

# data[].attributes.subject
Al-Qasim bin Muhammad bin Abu Bakr As-Siddiq

# data[].attributes.body
1. 2. Born in 36 or 38H, died in 106 or 108H (when he was 70 y.o. during pilgrimage)

2. Grandson of the first khalifah Abu Bakr As-Siddiq, nephew of Prophet s.a.w. wife Aisha Bint Abu Bakr (RA)

3. Regarded as one of the Seven Fuqaha’ of Madina. Part of the Naqshbandi Sufi order (major Sunni order of Sufism, “masters” were of the Abu Bakr As-Siddiq and Ali ibn Abi Talib lineage)

Some of his memorable characteristics:

He was a very trustworthy, pious and meticulous man. He had great knowledge and wisdom in Islam. He was the most important person of his time and someone whom everyone sought out.

This is what Umar ibn Abdul Aziz said about him: “If it were in my hands I would leave the caliphate to Al-Qasim ibn Muhammad”

Would never criticise anyone nor speak against them.

He was extremely indifferent to the pleasures of this world. He would readily give away his wealth even in times of economic distress and not accept anything from others

He narrated only about one hundred hadith for fear of making an incorrect or deficient narration

Outstanding Achievements:

An ocean in the sciences of hadith and tafsir

He benefitted greatly from his aunt Aisha RA in particular and narrated many hadiths from her. It was said that he was taught and trained by her.

Also benefitted and learnt from the Companions of the Prophet such as Salman Farisi, Abu Hurairah, Ibn Abbas and Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with all of them)

scholars of hadith were in complete agreement about the trustworthiness of his narrations

Abu Nuaym said of him in his book Hilyat al-Awliya that he was able to extract the deepest juristic rulings and he was supreme in manners and ethics

https://naqshbandi.org/the-naqshbandi-golden-chain/the-chain/qasim-ibn-muhammad-ibn-abu-bakr/
https://muslimvillage.com/2017/03/04/122575/al-qasim-ibn-muhammad-the-grandson-of-abu-bakr-ra/

- Umairah & Hanis

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
By: Osman Nuri Topbaş

Source: Osman Nuri Topbaş

Al Qasim ibn Muhammad was the grandson of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him). He was born in the 30th year after the hijrah, which corresponds to the year 650 AD. He is the cousin of Zayn al-Abideen, the great-grandson of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Ja'far as-Sadiq is the grandson of Qasim ibn Muhammad.

When Abu Bakr's son, Muhammad, was martyred in Egypt, his son Qasim was left an orphan at 6 years old. His paternal aunt, Aisha (may Allah be pleased with him), then raised him[1].

Qasim ibn Muhammad relates the following anecdote from his childhood, which shows his closeness to his aunt:

"On the Day of Arafah, my aunt Aisha would shave our heads and send us to the mosque. The next day she would then make the sacrifice in front of us"[2].

When he was older he would visit her often and learned from her many rulings regarding the Holy Qur'an, the Sunnah and the life of the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him). He narrates an anecdote from those days:

"Every morning after leaving my house, I would stop by my aunt Aisha's house. One day when I went to her house she was praying a nafilah prayer and was reciting the following verse:
"(The people of taqwa will say): But Allah was gracious to us and safeguarded us from the punishment of the searing wind' (Tur, 52:27).
She was praying whilst in qiyam, and weeping and repeating this verse. I waited until I was tired of waiting and then went to the market to purchase some needs. When I returned, Aisha (may Allah be pleased with him) was in the same position, praying and weeping[3].

Qasim ibn Muhammad was a very trustworthy, scrupulous and pious man. He was a great faqih and imam in the religious sciences. He was the most important person of his time and someone whom everyone sought out[4].

Yahya ibn Said ( may Allah have mercy on him) said:

"We never saw anyone in Madina more virtuous than Qasim ibn Muhammad"[5].

He was a man with strong faith and deep religious knowledge and wisdom. Just like his honourable grandfather, Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), he was very benevolent, intelligent, careful and serious, resolute and determined in regards to the affairs of the community of Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him).

This is why Umar ibn Abdulaziz said about him:

"If it were in my hands I would leave the caliphate to Qasim ibn Muhammad"[6].

Qasim ibn Muhammad was a model of nobility and awe. He was always in a state of contemplation and deep reverence. One could see the traces of prostration upon his blessed forehead.

He was filled with love for the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). He liked visiting the blessed grave of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and being close to him in order to quench the longing and yearning he felt for him. One day he said to Aisha (may Allah be pleased with him):

"Dear mother, would you please open for me the room in which the blessed prophet's grave is?"

Aisha (may Allah be pleased with him) then opened the door that contained those three graves and showed him the grave of the prophet[7].

Qasim ibn Muhammad would never censure anyone nor would he ever speak against them[8].

He was extremely indifferent to the pleasures of this world. In his eyes the world was less important than a mere atom.

This is why he was able to give away 100,000 dirhams, given to him as booty, to the poor, without even touching it. Even in times of financial distress and need he would give away wealth that was given to him. He never accepted anything from anybody[9].

With his superior personality and character, he earned the admiration of all. People would take him as their standard and order their lives according to his model. Qasim ibn Muhammad united both the outer and inner aspects of the religion and transmitted them to the next generations with his state, his words and his model lifestyle. He was a great friend of Allah.

The depth of his knowledge of the hadith sciences

Qasim ibn Muhammad became a select student of the Blessed Companions of Madina. He was one of the leading righteous men and scholars of the generation of the Tabii'een.

Abu al-Zinad, the Madinan faqih, said about him:

"I have never seen anyone who knows and applies the Sunnah of the prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) better than Qasim ibn Muhammad. Study at that time consisted of learning and living the Sunnah"[10].

Qasim ibn Muhammad benefitted greatly from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) in particular and narrated many hadiths from her. He also benefitted and learned from many great Companions such as Salman Farisi, Abu Hurairah, Ibn Abbas and Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with all of them). He was an ocean in the sciences of hadith and tafsir. The masters of the Tabii'een narrated hadith from him.

Qasim ibn Muhammad was very meticulous about narrating hadith word for word and he was a very scrupulous narrator. He narrated only about one hundred hadith for fear of making an incorrect or deficient narration[11].

The scholars of hadith were in complete agreement about the trustworthiness of his narrations.

The depth of his knowledge of fiqh

Qasim ibn Muhammad was a faqih who was taught and trained by Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), the mother of the believers[12].

Qasim ibn Muhammad would arrive at the mosque early in the morning, perform two rakats of prayer, and then he would sit for a long time answering various questions for the people who would gather around him and the people would arrive at the mosque early in order to listen to him talk. He would continue his talk after the 'isha prayer in the evening[13].

The hadith that he related were more related to rulings ( ahkam). According to Abdurrahman ibn Abi Amra', his mother wished to free a slave but she delayed this until the morning. However she passed away before the morning. Abdurrahman then went to Qasim ibn Muhammad and asked him:

"If I free a slave in place of my mother, would this benefit her (would she receive a reward for it)?"

He gave the following reply:

"Sa'd ibn Ubadah once went to the Messenger of Allah and asked:

"My mother passed away. If I free a slave on her behalf will she benefit?"

Allah's Messenger replied: "Yes" ( Muwatta', Itk, 13).

Qasim ibn Muhammad was a true Friend of Allah, whose heart trembled and whose eyes were always teary from fear of Allah. He was always sorrowful and his head would be bowed down out of his fear of Allah. When he was asked about a matter about which he had no knowledge, he would not hesitate to say: "I do not know" and feared incurring the wrath of Allah by making an incorrect ruling. Whenever he was asked too many questions he would say:

"By Allah we do not know the answer to all of what you ask. If we knew we would not hide it from you and it would not be lawful for us to do so anyway"[14].

He would not make commentary ( tafsir) on the Qur'an from his own opinions. However he would give a ruling about a clear matter of which he had knowledge saying:

"This is my opinion about this, but I cannot say that it is definitely correct"[15].

Despite being the greatest scholar of his time, Qasim ibn Muhammad lived a very humble life on account of the depth of his knowledge of Allah ( marifatullah). One time a man insistently asked him:

"Is Salim more knowledgeable or are you?" He evaded this question, neither praising himself nor saying something in opposition to the truth[16].

He always preferred his brothers over himself and was very selfless. He gave out much charity but never wished for this to be heard or spoken about. When he heard people talking about it he would immediately interrupt and change the subject[17].

During the last year of his life, the eyes of Qasim ibn Muhammad lost their sight and he set out to make the journey for either hajj or umrah. When he reached the site of Qudayd, he fell ill and realising that he was about to die he said to his son:

"Shroud me in what I am wearing now, that is my izar and rida that I pray in" His son asked:

"Can we not make two layers for your shroud?"

"My son, my grandfather Abu Bakr was also shrouded in three such items of clothing. They are our criteria. The living have more right to and are more worthy of clothing than the dead".

He made a last request that people not praise him after his death[18].

He then prayed as follows:

أَنْتَ رَبّ۪ى وَحِبّ۪ى وَسَيِّد۪ى

"O Allah! You are my Lord, my Beloved and my Master"[19]. He passed away there a short time after[20].

"One of the greatest sins is to belittle one's sins" [21].

"I lived with a people (the Blessed Companions) who did not like to speak about what they did not do"[22].

Qasim ibn Muhammad once heard a man say:

"How insolent is such and such towards Allah?" He said to him: "It is not fitting for the sons of Adam to be insolent towards Allah. We can only say about such a person: "How little does he know Allah"[23].

Qasim ibn Muhammad once saw a man begging at Arafah on the Day of Arafah. He said to him: "Woe to you o begger! Do you ask from other than Allah on such a day?"[24].

"Almighty Allah bestowed a mercy on people through the different opinions of the Companions. Whichever of the Companions' opinion you take, you will not be distressed"[25].

"The most fruitful woman is the one who is the least burden financially"[26].

Qasim ibn Muhammad narrates:

One time my aunt Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) fell ill. Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) came to visit her and said:

"O Mother of the Believers! You are going to two great honourable guides and intercessors, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) and Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). (How happy for you, do not worry, be at ease) (Bukhari, Ashabu an-Nabi, 30).

According to Qasim ibn Muhammad one of the Companions (probably Abdullah ibn Zayd) became blind. His friends came to visit him. However he was not worried about losing his sight. He responded to those who came to console him as follows:

"I wanted those eyes to be able to look at the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him). Since he is gone, I would not be happy even if I had the most beautiful eyes of a gazelle from Tubale (in Yemen)" (Bukhari, al-Adab al-Mufrad, no: 533; Ibn Sa'd, II, 313).
"Do you know who the first people will be to run for shade on the Day of Judgement?"

Qasim ibn Muhammad narrates a hadith from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) as follows: One day the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

His Companions replied:

"Allah and His Messenger know best". The prophet said:

"They are those who when their rights were entrusted to them, they accepted, and when a right was asked from them, they generously abided, and when judging amongst the people, they acted as if they were judging for themselves" (Ahmad, VI, 67, 69).

According to a narration by Aisha (may Allah be pleased with him) Qasim ibn Muhammad reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

"If a Muslim immediately turns away from looking at a beautiful woman Allah, Most High, will create a state of worship in him in which he will taste spiritual pleasure and joy" (Ahmad, V, 264; Haysami, VIII, 63; Abu Nuaym, Hilya, II, 187).

Qasim ibn Muhammad transmitted the following statement from Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her):

"The most blessed marriage ceremony is the one that is not financially burdensome". He was asked:

"Did Aisha narrate this from the Messenger of Allah?" Showing his extreme care in these matters he said:

"This is how it was narrated to me and this is how I memorised it" (Abu Nuaym, Hilya, II, 186).

"Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) was asked: "There is a person who strives to perform good deeds, but sometimes commits sins. There is another person who does not put much effort into performing good deeds but who also does not sin. Which of these is more superior?" He replied:

"Refraining from sin appears more pleasing to me" (Abu Dawud, Zuhd, p. 356).

We should heed this advice today and try to carefully protect ourselves from such hazards which arise from television, the internet, fashion and shopping centres". Repulsion of harm is better than attracting benefit". That is, it is more important and necessary to repulse what is harmful then to try to gain what is of benefit. It is first necessary to remove the puss from a wound and clean it thoroughly, before applying ointment.

This is why it is necessary to first of all protect oneself from what is forbidden and things that will lead to heedlessness of the heart, so that spirituality of one's worship can increase and one can lead an acceptable life of servitude to Allah.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Al Qasim ibn Muhammad - the grandson of Abu Bakr (ra)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
By: Osman Nuri Topbaş Source: Osman Nuri Topbaş Al Qasim ibn Muhammad was the grandson of Abu Bakr as-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him). He was born in the 30th year after the hijrah, which corresponds to the year 650 AD.

# data[].attributes.body
Who is he??

3rd caliph

early convert, close friend & son-in-law of Prophet

born in Taif Mecca, approx 6 yrs after the year of the elephant

Some of his memorable characteristics:

a very generous person

prophet said that he is the most truthful in his modesty

knew the Quran from memory & knew the context of each verse

Outstanding achievements:

narrated alot of hadiths (purification, salah, the book of sunnah)

most lasting contribution was the recension of the Qur'an, an effort to edit variant textual traditions in order to protect a standard interpretation of the divine word.

-irdina & qistina

# data[].attributes.body
1. He is born in 22AH and died in 94AH.
2. His father was az-Zubair ibn A’wwam, one of the ten Promised with Paradise.
3. His mother was Asma, the daughter of Abu Bakr, and therefore his aunt was A'ishah, the mother of the Believers from whom he benefited immensely.
4. He also learned from Ali bin Abi Talib, Abdur-Rahman bin Awf, Zaid bin Thabit, Abu Ayub Al-Ansari, and many other sahabah until he became one of the seven Fuqahaa’  of Medina upon whom the people depended.

Some memorable characteristics:
- He would even fast during the hottest days in Madinah
- Always stand for night prayers.
- He would keep his tongue moist with the remembrance of Allah.
- He would read a fourth of the Quran from a mushaf (copy of the Qur'an) during the day and then he would repeat that it heart in his night prayers.
- And it is not known that he left this practice from his early youth up until the day he died except on one occasion… (http://idealmuslimah.com/personalities/mencholars/1342-urwah-ibn-zubayr-had-truly-amazing-patience.html)

Outstanding Achievements:
- He was regarded as one of the greatest scholars of Madinah in his time
- Known to be one of the most trustworthy narrators of Hadith and a profoundly knowledgeable and pious faqih (jurist). He was one of the famous “seven jurists” of Madinah.
- ‘Umar ibn ‘Abd Al-‘Aziz said of him, “There was no one more learned than ‘Urwah ibn Al-Zubayr,” and his student, Al-Zuhri, said, “‘Urwah was a sea that buckets never muddied.”
- He compiled many books, but none of them have survived except as excerpts quoted in the work of later scholars such as Al-Tabari (d. 310 A.H.), Ibn Sayyid Al-Nas, and Ibn Kathir.
- His style of writing is typical of Madinan veracity and integrity, and not from affectation and exaggeration. Because of his noble family lineage, he must have had access to some precious written documents.
- He also uses references to the Quran while explaining events.
- He wrote about the Rightly Guided Caliphs, Ridda (Apostacy) Wars, and the battles of Qadisiyyah and Al-Yarmuk.

- Afrina, Alya & Khadijah

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
He was a famous Taabi'ee (Successors of the Sahabah), a scholar of Hadeeth (Prophetic Narration) who was born in the penultimate year (22AH) of the caliphate of Umar (radhiallahu `anhu) and died 94AH. His father was az-Zubair ibn A'wwam, one of the ten Promised with Paradise. His mother was Asma daughter of Abu Bakr, and therefore his aunt was Aa'ishah, the mother of the Believers from whom he benefited immensely. He also learnt from Ali bin Abi Talib, Abdur-Rahman bin Awf, Zaid bin Thabit, Abu Ayub Al-Ansari and many other sahaabah until he became one of the seven Fuqahaa' [scholars of Islamic Jurisprudence] of Medina upon whom the people depended.

U'rwah applied his knowledge into his actions. He would even fast during the hottest days in Madinah and would always stand for night prayers. He would keep his tongue moist with the remembrance of Allah. He would read a fourth of the Quran from a mushaf (copy of the Qur'aan) during the day and then he would repeat that it heart in his night prayers. And it is not known that he left this practice from his early youth up until the day he died except on one occasion...

Urwah ibn Zubayr was invited by the khalifah, al-Walid bin Abdul-Malik (705-715 CE, 6th Khalifah of Bana Ummaya) in Damascus. U'rwah accepted the invitation and went with his eldest son Muhammad, who was one of the most handsome of men. The young man had dressed up for the occasion in fine clothes, and had done up his hair. Al-Walid welcomed them with honour and when he saw his son, he said,

"This is how the young people of Quraysh should look!"

and by saying so, he put the evil eye on him. Before he left, the young man fell ill. When he was in the stable (preparing for the journey) and admiring the khalifa's fine horses, one of the horses trampled him to death.

The grief-stricken father had barely shaken off the dust from burying his son, when he developed gangrene of the foot. His leg became swollen and the gangrene began to spread at frightening speed. Al-Walid sent for the best doctors to cure his guest by any means possible. But the doctors were unanimously united on the fact that the only cure for him was amputation quickly before the gangrene spreads and kills him. 'Urwah seeing no other choice agreed.

When the surgeon came to amputate his leg with his scalpel and a saw, he said to U'rwah,'I think it would be appropriate for us to give you a mouthful of intoxicant so that you do not feel the excruciating pain of amputation'.

'Urwah replied,

'No, I will not do that. I will not seek help by taking that which is impermissible, for that which I forgiveness (of Allah) from'.

So the doctor said, 'So we will give you some tranquilizer'.

'Urwah replied,

'I do not wish to be deprived of one of my limbs without me feeling its pain for that for which I aspire the reward of Allah for'.

Then, just before the surgeon was about to cut his leg, a group of men came to them, so U'rwah said,

'Who are these people?'

It was said to him, 'They have been sent for, so that they can hold you, since perhaps when the pain becomes severe, it might cause you to pull back your leg causing you harm.'

'Urwah replied,

'Send them back! I have no need of them as I hope that dhikr (the remembrance of Allah ('azza wa jall)) and tasbeeh (glorify Allah) will suffice me of them.'

So the surgeon began by first cutting off his flesh with a scalpel and when he reached his bone, he started to saw. All that could be heard from Urwah was 'Laa ilaaha ill Allah (there is none worthy of worship except Allah)' and 'Allahu akbar (Allah is the Greatest)' until his leg was cut off. Then boiling oil was brought in an iron scoop, and was poured on 'Urwah's leg to stop the pouring of blood and close the wound. Urwah at this point lost consciousness and fell into such a deep sleep that he did not read his normal portion of Qur'aan that day. This was the only time when he did not perform his regular good deed.

When he regained consciousness, he called for his amputated leg, kissed it and said while turning it in his hand,

"I swear by the One, Who mounted me on you, I never used you to walk to any place of wrong action or to any place where Allah would not like me to be in."

Then he gave instructions that the leg should be washed, perfumed, wrapped in a cloth and buried in the Muslim graveyard. 'Urwah was carried to his hometown of Madinah where the people and his family gathered to meet him, whereupon he promptly said:

"Do not be frightened with what you see. Allah has bestowed upon me four sons and He has taken back one and allowed me to remain with three, so for Him is the Praise. Allah has given me four limbs and has taken one and allowed me to remain with three, so for Him is the praise. I swear to you by Allah, that if he has taken from me a little, then he has caused to remain with me much, and if he has tried me once then he has forgiven me many times."

Many people came to from the scholars and leaders to offer their condolences to 'Urwah, but of the best words given were those of Ibrahim bin Muhammad bin Talha, when he said.

"Receive the glad tidings! O Abu Abdullah (his kunya, agnomen: 'Father of Abdullah') one of your limbs and one of your sons has preceded you to Paradise... and behind that which has gone, the others shall follow inshaa' Allah (Allah willing)... and Allah has caused to remain for us from you that which we are in need of and that which we cannot do without, and that is your knowledge, your understanding and your opinion... May Allah continue to benefit us with it."

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Urwah ibn Zubayr Had Truly Amazing Patience

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
He was a famous Taabi'ee (Successors of the Sahabah), a scholar of Hadeeth (Prophetic Narration) who was born in the penultimate year (22AH) of the caliphate of Umar (radhiallahu `anhu) and died 94AH. His father was az-Zubair ibn A'wwam, one of the ten Promised with Paradise.

# data[].attributes.body
Details of the researched person.

- Done by Your name