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-- The discovery of golden nuggets in the Sacramento Valley in early 1948.

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Hundreds of thousands of people flocked to California to make their fortunes in the Gold Rush, but almost none of them were women.

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Thousands of Gold Rush prospectors got rich - but John Sutter wasn´t one of them.

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Thousands of Gold Rush prospectors got rich - but John Sutter wasn´t one of them.

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John Sutter, the man whose land would become synonymous with the California Gold Rush, was a Swiss immigrant who fled Europe in the1830s, leaving behind piles of unpaid debts

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Attracted immigrants from around the world.

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Attracted immigrants from around the world.

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-- By 1850 more than 25% of California´s population had been born outside the United States.

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-- The social and political climate of China in the mid-1800s was that of an empire in decline. War with England, rampant addiction to opium, famine and domestic rebellions devastated living conditions, particularly in southeast China.

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-- Rumors of "gum saam," or "the gold mountain" held a promise of economic opportunity for the destitute Chinese. Many contracted themselves out to Chinese merchants in return for payment of their passage to the U.S.

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-- At the peak of gold rush immigration in 1852, 20,000 Chinese immigrated to California, out of a total of 67,000 people, thus, Chinese immigrants accounted for nearly 30% of all immigrants.

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-- As new reports of the easy fotunes being made in california spread worlwide, some of the first migrants to arrive were those from lands accessible by boat, such as oregon, the sandwich islands, mexico, chile, peru and china.

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-- The Central Pacific broke ground on January 8, 1863. Because of insufficient transportation alternatives from the manufacturing centers on the east coast. They were then loaded on ships which either sailed around South America's Cape Horn, or off loaded the cargo at the Isthmus of Panama. The latter route was about twice as expensive per pound. Many of these steam engines, rail road cars, and other machinery were shipped dismantled and had to be reassembled.

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-- It was a fight between the United States of America and the Confederate States of America, a collection of eleven southern states that left the Union in 1860 and 861.

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How the Civil War lead to the reconstruction?

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How the Civil War lead to the reconstruction?

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-- The reconstruction tried to solve the problem from the readmission to the Union of the 11 states that had seceded at or before the outbreak of war.

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-- A period immediately after the Civil War from 1865 to 1877 when several United States administrations sought to reconstruct society in the former confederate states in particular by establishing and protecting the legal right of the newly freed black population.

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-- Ended slavery.
-- Creation of important new laws and amendments.
-- Introduction of public education.
-- Gave ex - slaves the same rights as all citizens.

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-- Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 freed African Americans in rebel states.
-- After the Civil War, the Thirteen Amendment emancipated all U.S. slaves wherever they were.

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-- During Reconstruction, freed slaves began to leave the South.
-- The Reconstruction lasted from 1866 - 1877.
-- During the first ten years of the twentieth century, the South lost 170,000 black people.

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-- When slavery finally end, former slaves took measures to formalize their family relations.
-- Starting in 1866, hundreds of people placed advertisements in newspapers searching for family members.

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-- Great War began on June 28, 1914, with the assassinations of Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie, while they were visiting Saravejo.

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-- On May 7, 1915,a German U-boat sank the British liner R.M.S. Lusitania off the coast of Ireland, killing 1,198 people with 128 Americans among the fatalities. In response to Germany’s actions, President Wilson addressed Congress on April 2, 1917, appealing for the United States to enter the war as “the world must be made safe for democracy.” Four days later, the United States declared war on Germany.

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-- Young Women´s Chistian Association
-- National General Federation of Women´s Clubs.
-- The National Association of Colored Women.

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-- By the fall of 1918, the war has fallen, and it became clear the Allies were going to win the war.

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-- The Treaty of Versailles, which officially ended World War I, was signed on June 28, 1919.