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Class Notes.

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All research notes.

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS DUNBAR, SMITH, and ROBINSON

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS DUNBAR, SMITH, and ROBINSON

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Upload that miserable fella right here.

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Perfectly Horrible Draft final submission

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Lauren Davis English Comp 1 Funniest Thing Revision 1

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James Majors

Northwood University

ENG 1150: English Composition I

Prof. Ren Davis

October 18, 2025

At 14, I learned the hard way that moving an 18-foot above-ground pool was no simple task. After my parents’ divorce, my dad remarried, and we relocated to my stepmother’s home across the city. Determined to keep our childhood pool, Dad decided to take it with us. The old pool’s connecting bar, rusted solid, posed a problem. His solution? Slice it off with a hacksaw, assuming we could bolt it back together later. That naive decision set the stage for my funniest memory.

By late spring, my nine-year-old brother and I took on the challenge of rebuilding the pool. With our parents working double shifts, it was up to us to level the ground. We shoveled diligently, scraping dirt to create a perfect base, our youthful enthusiasm outweighing our expertise. We laid the track, spaced the uprights, and unrolled the rusty steel wall, only to face our dilemma: no connecting bar, no backplate, no way to join the pool’s halves.

When Dad arrived, he grinned confidently. “Easy fix,” he declared. “We’ll grab bolts from the hardware store and stitch it together!” Off we sped, my brother buzzing with excitement. Back home, we attacked the rusty steel wall with naive gusto. “Six inches apart, right?” I asked, drilling holes into the wobbly halves. At 14, I barely knew a drill from a screwdriver, but we bolted the pool together, each clank of metal fueling our misplaced pride. The shaky structure stood—barely—ready for disaster.

With the wall secured, we installed the liner directly on the dirt—a rookie mistake, I now know as a seasoned pool owner. We attached the top rails, hooked up the filter, and began filling the pool with water. As it reached half depth, we couldn’t resist. We reassembled the ladder, climbed in, and splashed gleefully, the pool groaning with a faint creak from our makeshift bolts, doomed without a backplate. “It’ll hold!” I shouted, ignoring the warning. The creaks grew louder with every gallon. Then, snap! A flood erupted, hurling the fence into the busy roadway, my brother tumbling in its wake.

We scrambled to drag the shattered fence from the roadway, checking that my brother was shaken but unharmed. In the moment, the disaster stung, but now? It’s comedy gold. My mom, visiting that day, still recounts the no-backplate fiasco, laughing at the image of water and steel exploding into the street. Thirty-six years later, that chaotic splash remains my funniest memory, a reminder that even epic failures can spark endless chuckles.

## References

Grok (2025). Personal communication. [Contributor to narrative revision].

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ntroduction
Area 51, a secretive U.S. Air Force base in Nevada, has fueled speculation about extraterrestrial cover-ups for decades. Official and scientific reports, such as the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (2021), the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (2024), and French et al. (2023), attribute unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP) sightings to mundane causes like misidentified technology or environmental factors, yet their inconclusive findings contrast with persistent testimonies. This paper compares the credibility of pro-alien evidence—expert accounts, whistleblower disclosures, and Men in Black (MIB) incidents—against official and scientific dismissals, arguing that consistent patterns of suppressed investigations and eyewitness reports support claims of extraterrestrial activity at Area 51.

Official Explanations vs. Uninvestigated Evidence
Official reports frequently dismiss UAP sightings as non-extraterrestrial, but their ambiguity undermines credibility. The Office of the Director of National Intelligence (2021) analyzed 144 UAP cases from 2004 to 2021, categorizing most as airborne clutter, natural phenomena, or U.S./foreign technology, with 21 cases unresolved due to insufficient data. Similarly, the All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (2024) reviewed historical UAP efforts, including Projects GRUDGE and BLUE BOOK, concluding that sightings were often misidentified technologies like balloons or drones. However, these explanations contrast with expert testimonies from Project Blue Book leaders. J. Allen Hynek, initially a skeptic, shifted to believing in extraterrestrial possibilities after observing consistent, unexplained sightings (Hynek, 1977). Edward Ruppelt, who coined “UFO” and directed Blue Book from 1952 to 1953, criticized the project’s inadequate investigations, suggesting deliberate suppression. These accounts highlight a pattern of dismissal that bolsters the credibility of Area 51 cover-up claims.

Men in Black Incidents vs. Environmental Explanations
Alleged Men in Black (MIB) encounters, often reported by UFO witnesses, suggest a deliberate effort to suppress extraterrestrial evidence, yet scientific analyses offer alternative explanations. For instance, Harold Dahl reported seeing six objects in 1947, one exploding and killing his dog, followed by MIB intimidation to silence him. Similarly, UFO researcher Robert Patterson claimed MIB demanded a crash sample in the 1960s, threatening his family. These accounts suggest a coordinated cover-up linked to Area 51. However, French et al. (2023) argue that UAP sightings correlate with environmental factors like clear skies and urban density, suggesting MIB-reported objects could be misidentified natural phenomena or aircraft. The lack of investigation into MIB incidents, compared to the systematic analysis of sighting patterns by French et al. (2023), highlights a credibility gap favoring eyewitness accounts over dismissive scientific claims.

References
All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office. (2024). Historical record report, volume 1. U.S. Department of Defense. https://www.aaro.mil/Portals/136/PDFs/AARO_Historical_Record_Report_Vol_1_2024.pdf
French, S. E., McAndrew, R. J., & Toon, B. G. (2023). An environmental analysis of public UAP sightings and sky view potential. Scientific Reports, 13(1), Article 22273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49527-x
Hynek, J. A. (1977). The UFO experience: A scientific inquiry. Regnery.
Office of the Director of National Intelligence. (2021). Preliminary assessment: Unidentified aerial phenomena. https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Prelimary-Assessment-UAP-20210625.pdf

gronk

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Not a fan of gronk, padlet or prezi. In the business world its word, excel, powerpoint and gemini, some chat gpt. As an Engineer this is what we use on the daily. Overall enjoyed the class. I just hope it was enough to pass. on pets, I lost my 16 year old doggy during this semester at 16 years old.

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Refutation: Area 51 as an Alien Layer of Secrecy**

The counterargument that Area 51 is solely a military testing facility and UAP sightings are misidentified technology or natural phenomena fails to account for compelling extraterrestrial evidence and systematic government secrecy, pointing to Area 51 as an alien layer of concealment. The All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (2024) attributes Project Blue Book sightings to mundane technologies like balloons, yet J. Allen Hynek, a Blue Book consultant, documented consistent unexplained phenomena, concluding extraterrestrial origins were plausible (Hynek, 1977). Edward Ruppelt, Blue Book director from 1952 to 1953, exposed deliberate suppression of credible sightings, reinforcing claims of an alien cover-up (Ruppelt, 1956). Richard Doty, a former Air Force operative, admitted to spreading misinformation to discredit UFO reports, suggesting intentional concealment of Area 51’s extraterrestrial activities. The Office of the Director of National Intelligence (2021) acknowledges 21 unresolved UAP cases, admitting data gaps that undermine its mundane categorizations and support claims of hidden alien technology. Men in Black (MIB) incidents further indicate an alien layer, as Harold Dahl’s 1947 sighting of six objects, one exploding, was followed by MIB threats to silence him, and Robert Patterson’s 1960s encounter involved demands for a crash sample, patterns unexplainable by French et al.’s (2023) environmental correlations of sightings with clear skies. Whistleblower accounts, such as David Grusch’s assertions of reverse-engineered alien technology and Phil Schneider’s reports of underground alien experiments at Area 51, align with the NASA (2023) report’s note that stigma suppresses credible reporting, suggesting government efforts to conceal extraterrestrial evidence. Congressional testimony on September 10, 2025, where officials evaded questions about reverse-engineering programs, underscores a systemic alien layer of secrecy. This convergence of extraterrestrial evidence and government suppression outweighs the counterargument’s dismissive explanations, affirming Area 51’s role in concealing alien activity.

References

All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office. (2024). Historical record report, volume 1. U.S. Department of Defense. https://www.aaro.mil/Portals/136/PDFs/AARO_Historical_Record_Report_Vol_1_2024.pdf

French, S. E., McAndrew, R. J., & Toon, B. G. (2023). An environmental analysis of public UAP sightings and sky view potential. Scientific Reports, 13(1), Article 22273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49527-x

Hynek, J. A. (1977). The UFO experience: A scientific inquiry. Regnery.

NASA. (2023). UAP independent study team report: Executive summary. https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/astrophysics/uap-independent-study-team-report-executive-summary/

Office of the Director of National Intelligence. (2021). Preliminary assessment: Unidentified aerial phenomena. https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Prelimary-Assessment-UAP-20210625.pdf

Ruppelt, E. J. (1956). The report on unidentified flying objects. Doubleday.

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Counterargument: Area 51 as a Military Testing Facility*

Contrary to claims of an extraterrestrial cover-up at Area 51, substantial evidence suggests the base is solely a military testing facility, and unidentified aerial phenomena (UAP) sightings, including those linked to Men in Black (MIB) incidents, are attributable to misidentified technology or natural phenomena. The All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office (2024) reviewed historical UAP investigations, including Projects GRUDGE and BLUE BOOK, concluding that most sightings were misidentified technologies, such as balloons, drones, or advanced aircraft tested at Area 51, undermining claims by J. Allen Hynek and Edward Ruppelt of extraterrestrial possibilities. The Office of the Director of National Intelligence (2021) analyzed 144 UAP cases from 2004 to 2021, categorizing most as airborne clutter, natural phenomena, or U.S./foreign technology, with only 21 unresolved due to data limitations, not alien origins. MIB incidents, often cited as evidence of a cover-up, are similarly explainable. Harold Dahl’s 1947 sighting of six UAPs, followed by alleged MIB threats, aligns with French et al.’s (2023) findings that UAP sightings correlate with environmental factors like clear skies, suggesting misidentification of aircraft. Robert Patterson’s 1960s encounter with MIB demanding a crash sample, Jack Robinson’s 1968 apartment ransacking after spotting MIB, and Herbert’s 1976 demand to destroy UAP research likely reflect psychological stress or misinterpretation of government security personnel protecting classified projects. The 2008 Niagara Falls triangular UAP sighting, followed by MIB intimidation, and Dan Aykroyd’s 2002 encounter before his UFO documentary cancellation, can be attributed to misidentified military craft or media-related publicity stunts, as French et al. (2023) note urban density increases sighting reports. The NASA (2023) report finds no extraterrestrial evidence and attributes whistleblower claims, like David Grusch’s, to stigma-driven exaggeration rather than government suppression. These official and scientific findings indicate that Area 51’s secrecy stems from classified military projects, not an alien cover-up, rendering MIB and related claims less credible than mundane explanations.

References

All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office. (2024). Historical record report, volume 1. U.S. Department of Defense. https://www.aaro.mil/Portals/136/PDFs/AARO_Historical_Record_Report_Vol_1_2024.pdf

French, S. E., McAndrew, R. J., & Toon, B. G. (2023). An environmental analysis of public UAP sightings and sky view potential. Scientific Reports, 13(1), Article 22273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49527-x

NASA. (2023). UAP independent study team report: Executive summary. https://science.nasa.gov/science-research/astrophysics/uap-independent-study-team-report-executive-summary/

Office of the Director of National Intelligence. (2021). Preliminary assessment: Unidentified aerial phenomena. https://www.dni.gov/files/ODNI/documents/assessments/Prelimary-Assessment-UAP-20210625.pdf