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Martin Luther is given the most credit for beginning universal early education. He believed that everyone should have the opportunity to read. That way everyone would have the ability to read the holy scriptures, of the Bible, on their own.

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John Comenius and John Locke were important figures during the 1600s. Locke believed in the idea of "nurture" opposed to "nature" and pictured a baby's mind as a blank slate. Both men believed that learning should be done early, as one's experiences condition them into the person they become.

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Kindergarten was founded by Friedrich Froebel during this century. Froebel's belief was that children should have a separate learning space from adults. That play was vital in the learning process and that it's, "the highest expression of human development in childhood".

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The Industrial Revolution began in 1760 and played a large role in the widespread of public education. Before the Industrial Revolution there was a limited amount of schooling, and if you couldn't pay for tuition and fees, you weren't able to attend. The growth of the industry transformed the educational system into a daily practice available for everyone.

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Lev Vygotsky introduced the idea of a teacher having more of a learning facilitator role. That if a child is being taught by someone that's more capable than them, that they would learn better. He believed that social interaction was very important for a child's development.

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Jean Piaget thought that children learned the best by interacting with their environment directly. He introduced a theory of his during this time called the Stages of Development -

Birth to 2 years old - Sensorimotor

Begins talking to 7 years old - Preoperational

1st grade to early adolescence - Concrete

Adult - Formal Operations

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Throughout the 1900s, Erik Erikson formed a concept in early childhood education that has been in place since. He believed that both parents and teachers played a large role in how a child develops. Throughout all the stages of a child's life, they need the appropriate support and encouragement to create a positive learning experience. The Head Start program was also started in 1964 to help reduce poverty and provide free education to children in need.

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National Association for the Education of Young Children

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National Association for the Education of Young Children

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The NAEYC is a nonprofit association that was founded to increase the growth of nursery schools and to improve the quality of care in child centers. They now continue to promote the high quality learning for all children ranging from birth to 8 years old.

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World War II started in 1939 and lasted until 1945. In the United States, childcare centers were federally funded to keep woman working war jobs. An estimated 550,000-600,000 children were given funds to support them through childcare. For the children in Britain it was much more difficult. Children were stuffed into large classroom with limited resources. Throughout the war a large amount of children were unable to reach the required levels of literacy and literature.

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The Perry Project began in 1962, and was a research study held to see if high quality education provided a positive impact on children in preschool. The program was conducted over a five year span and led to a longitudinal study. They've found that the participants, who are now over 40 years old, were more likely to graduate high school, were more likely to hold a job and earn more money, committed fewer crimes, and had less teenage pregnancies.

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In 2009 President Obama introduced a program to improve schooling on a state and local level. The $4.35 billion dollar project, was the largest federal investment of education reform in history at that time. It improved assessments and made more rigorous standards, provided resources for failing schools at the time, support for teachers and staff to be more effective, and improved methods to track the students and teachers progress.

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The CCDBG Act was first introduced in 2014 to provide funding for low income working families. This was put in place to improve child care quality all around the United States. This helps parents continue to work and provide income for their families, while still sending their children to day cares and preschool.

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https://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/john-locke-134.php

https://www.monroecollege.edu/news/early-childhood-education-history-theorists-theories#:~:text=In%20the%201500s%20most%20people,holy%20scriptures%20in%20the%20Bible.

https://www.publicschoolreview.com/blog/what-is-race-to-the-top-and-how-will-it-benefit-public-schools

https://study.com/learn/lesson/history-early-childhood-education-overview.html

https://highscope.org/perry-preschool-project/