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Quality control (QC) is a procedure or set of procedures intended to ensure that a manufactured product or performed service adheres to a defined set of quality criteria or meets the requirements of the client or customer.

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Quality control is important to safeguard the company's reputation, prevent products from being unreliable, and increase trust on the side of consumers. It ensures that the company looks at evidence-based data and research rather than anecdotal observations to ensure that the services/products live up to the standards.

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The concept of quality management can be traced back to medieval Europe when craftsman guilds developed strict guidelines for how products were inspected for defects.

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Pioneers in Quality Control Frederick Taylor, Walter Shewhart

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Pioneers in Quality Control Frederick Taylor, Walter Shewhart

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Fredrick Taylor (The Taylor System):

Late in the 19th century the United States broke further from European tradition and adopted a new management approach developed by Frederick W. Taylor, whose goal was to increase productivity without increasing the number of skilled craftsmen.

Walter Shewhart

Mr. Shewhart successfully brought together the disciplines of statistics, engineering, and economics and became known as the father of modern quality control. The lasting and tangible evidence of that union for which he is most widely known is the control chart, a simple but highly effective tool that represented an initial step toward what Shewhart called “the formulation of a scientific basis for securing economic control.

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Total Quality Management (TQM)

It describes a management approach to long-term success through customer satisfaction.

Key Principles,

*Customer focus *Integrated System

*Employee Involvement *Process-Centric approach

*Systematic Flow *Continual Efforts

*Fact-based Decision making *Relationship Management

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Inspection and Sampling Method:

Samples are taken from a target lot (inspection lot) for examination in order to determine the acceptability of the lot according to that lot's quality standards.

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Control Charts

The control chart is a graph used to study how a process changes over time.

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Automotive Industry: Historical Practices and Evolution:

1. Historical Practices

Craftsmanship and Early Assembly Lines

Emphasis on manual craftsmanship

Introduction of assembly lines during the early 20th century

2. Evolution

Quality Control in Mass Production

Implementation of standardized processes

Inspection checkpoints to ensure consistency

Post-WWII Quality Improvements

Learning from wartime production challenges

Introduction of statistical quality control methods

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Manufacturing: Inspection in Traditional Manufacturing and Impact on Reliability,

1. Inspection in Traditional Manufacturing

Craft Guilds to Industrial Revolution

Guilds and craftsmanship in pre-industrial societies

Transition to mass production during the Industrial Revolution

Role of Inspections

Quality assurance through manual inspections

Challenges in maintaining uniformity

2. Impact on Reliability

Product Consistency and Consumer Confidence

Importance of consistent product quality

Building trust and brand reputation through reliability

Limitations of Traditional Inspection

Subjectivity and variability in manual inspections

Push for more systematic approaches

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Introduction of Technology

Automation, robotics, data-driven decisions

Six Sigma

Origins, methodology, success stories

Lean Manufacturing

Principles, reducing waste, improving efficiency

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Statistical Process Control (SPC)

Statistical process control (SPC) or statistical quality control (SQC) is the application of statistical methods to monitor and control the quality of a production process. This helps to ensure that the process operates efficiently, producing more specification-conforming products with less waste scrap

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Quality Control

Artificial intelligence serves as a powerful tool for quality control and quality assurance. AI evaluates the quality of services and products across various industries and identifies defects. It carries out accurate and extensive inspections in real time.

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Blockchain for Supply Chain Transparency in Quality Control

Blockchain technology can provide real-time visibility and tracking of goods and products throughout the entire supply chain, from production to distribution to end consumers. This helps to increase transparency and trust between different parties in the supply chain.

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Industry 4.0 and Smart Factories

Connectivity, cyber-physical systems

Sustainability in Quality Control

Eco-friendly practices, social responsibility

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Eco-friendly Practices

Being eco friendly means living in a way that is not harmful to the environment. This way of life is becoming increasingly important, as we need to protect our planet from man-made damage.

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The evolution of quality control has been a dynamic journey, transitioning from individual craftsmanship and manual inspections to highly sophisticated, technology-driven approaches. Early methods, rooted in craftsmanship and inspection, gave way to statistical control charts and Total Quality Management principles. In the modern era, advancements like Six Sigma, Lean Manufacturing, and the integration of technologies such as AI and blockchain mark a paradigm shift, enabling real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and enhanced supply chain transparency, thereby elevating the precision, efficiency, and reliability of quality control processes across diverse industries.