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Tully, C. J. (2003). Growing up in technological worlds: How modern technologies shape the everyday lives of young people. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society

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In this article, Claus J. Tully the author explores how young people interact with modern technology and how it affects their perception of society.

The article " Growing Up in Technological Worlds: How Modern Technologies Shape the Everyday Lives of Young People” by Claus J Tully (2003) presents a clear and well-defined research question, aiming to investigate the impact of modern technology on young people. The research objective is effectively communicated throughout the article, providing readers with a focused understanding of the study's purpose. The author has skillfully utilized reliable and relevant data, incorporating recent industry statistics and expert insights to support their arguments for example the author mentions a study that revealed that two-thirds of young people are interested in technology, contradicting the popular belief. Furthermore, the author quotes an 18-year-old who sees technology as a way to stand out socially, challenging the notion that young people are against technology. This fact strengthens the validity of the findings and enhances the credibility of the research. However, the article's literature review appears to be outdated as it was published in the December 2003 issued by the Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, with minimal consideration of recent scholarly works and advancements in the field. The lack of current research in the literature review section undermines the comprehensive analysis of the topic, potentially limiting the readers' understanding of the contributions, addressing potential counterarguments, and providing a nuanced discussion of the study's limitations and exceptions. Such adjustments would enhance the article's contribution to the field and foster a more comprehensive understanding of the dynamic relationship between modern technology and young people.In conclusion, while the article successfully addresses a clear research question, utilizes reliable data, and presents well-supported arguments, it is ruined by an outdated literature review and a tendency to overgeneralize findings without acknowledging inherent limitations. To improve the overall quality and credibility of the research, future revisions should focus on integrating recent scholarly contributions, addressing potential counterarguments, and providing a nuanced discussion of the study's limitations and exceptions.

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 Nyholm, S., & Smids, J. (2019). Robots in the workplace: A threat to—or opportunity for—meaningful work?. Science and Engineering Ethics.

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I chose this article/book because the article includes a good literature review and identifies five key features of what makes a meaningful work which are pursuing a purpose, social relationships, self-development, recognition, and freedom. For each feature, it analysed how the introduction of robots into the workplace might decrease or improve the meaning of work. Additionally, the authors recommend empirical case studies of workplaces where robots are about to be introduced and workplaces that have already become robotised, both at the same time. This will help researchers to gain more detailed perspectives into the impact of robotisation on the meaningfulness of work.
The article presents logical reasoning and counterarguments against opposing opinions, they discussed the potential negative impact of robots on the meaningfulness of work, such as the loss of social relationships and the boost of new skills. However, it also argued that robots can boost the meaningfulness of work by taking over repetitive and dangerous tasks, allowing workers to focus on more creative and fulfilling work. The authors addressed potential counterarguments, such as the idea that robots will create new jobs to replace those lost to automation. They argued that while this may be true, it does not necessarily mean that these new jobs will be meaningful or fulfilling for workers. Overall, the article presents a balanced view of the potential impact of robots on the meaningfulness of work and provided logical reasoning and counterarguments to support their claims.

However, the article did not mention specific technologies or devices used by young people, nor did it provide a detailed analysis of the impact of technology on specific aspects of society, such as politics or education, beyond mentioning their potential consequences and the writing style lacks engagement and fails to effectively communicate the complex ideas to a wider audience. The language used throughout the article may confuse the readers who are not well-versed in the subject matter, potentially decreasing their understanding of the key arguments and findings. In conclusion, while " Robots in the Workplace: A Threat to—or Opportunity for—Meaningful Work?" demonstrates many strong strengths in the article, which are supported arguments, and a positive literature review, its lack of an engaging and clear writing style affects negatively it’s potential. The authors could improve the article's impact by adding a more reader-friendly language and improving the clarity and accessibility of the complicated concepts discussed, therefore assuring its significance to a wider audience within the educational field.

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BBC News. (2021). “AI at work: Staff 'hired and fired by algorithm’." BBC News

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The BBC News article titled "AI at work: Staff ‘hired and fired by algorithms’" effectively addresses the critical issue of the use of AI in the workplace and concerns raised by the Trade Union Congress regarding the potential for discrimination and unfair treatment. The article, published on 25 March of 2021, accurately presents scientific qualitative data and expert opinions on the escalating risks faced by possible vulnerable jobs that can be replaced by AI and robots.

The article maintains a balanced view by showing viewpoints from different TUC members and policymakers, giving a better understanding of possible challenges associated with...

Moreover, the article features a short video that includes interviews with members of the Trade Union Congress (TUC). The video accurately gives the opinions of these TUC members, presenting a balanced view on the challenges and opportunities presented by the merge of AI in the workplace. The interviewees express their concerns about job security and the importance of implementing policies to secure a smooth transition for workers as AI technologies continue to advance. The author maintains fairness throughout the review, including understanding from industry experts, policymakers, and labor representatives to present a well-rounded analysis. By addressing both the benefits and potential drawbacks of AI integration, the article provides readers with a better understanding of the impact of AI on labour.

The article concludes that using AI in the workplace is a complicated matter that requires careful thought regarding its potential advantages and drawbacks. While AI can enhance productivity and work experiences, it also has the potential to result in unfair treatment and discrimination, especially for individuals in precarious job positions and the gig economy. The TUC emphasizes the importance of implementing legal safeguards to ensure that any critical decisions made by AI are reviewed by a human. The document underscores the necessity of establishing fair regulations and legal protections to guarantee that AI integration in the workplace benefits both employees and employers, maintaining a fair and just working environment.

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The Trades Union Congress (TUC) has warned about what it calls "huge gaps" in UK employment law over the use of artificial intelligence at work.

The TUC said workers could be "hired and fired by algorithm", and new legal protections were needed.

Among the changes it is calling for is a legal right to have any "high-risk" decision reviewed by a human.

TUC general secretary Frances O'Grady said the use of AI at work stood at "a fork in the road".

"AI at work could be used to improve productivity and working lives. But it is already being used to make life-changing decisions about people at work - like who gets hired and fired.

"Without fair rules, the use of AI at work could lead to widespread discrimination and unfair treatment - especially for those in insecure work and the gig economy," she warned.

Many workplaces already use automated decision making for simple tasks. For example, Uber assigns driving jobs to its drivers automatically, by computer, and Amazon is known to use AI monitoring systems to watch its staff in its warehouses.

And many firms already use an automated system with no human oversight in the first stage of the hiring process, to narrow the field.

But as AI becomes more sophisticated, the fear is that it will be entrusted with more serious, high-risk decisions, such as analysing those performance metrics to figure out who should be first in line for promotion - or being let go.

That can happen even when a human is involved, a TUC report warns, thanks to automated decision making.

Human agency

"A human might undertake some formal task, such as handling a document, but the human agency in the decision is minimal," the authors write.

"Sometimes the human decision making is largely illusory, for instance where a human is ultimately involved only in some formal way in the decision what to do with the output from the machine."

The TUC's report, written with the aid of employment rights lawyers and the AI Law Consultancy, argues that the law has failed to stay abreast of quick progress in AI in recent years.

The union body is calling for:

An obligation on employers to consult unions on the use of "high risk" or "intrusive" AI at work

The legal right to have a human review decisions

A legal right to "switch off" from work and not be expected to answer calls or emails

Changes to UK law to protect against discrimination by algorithm

Discrimination by algorithm has been well-documented in recent years, often as an unintentional side-effect of using systems that fail to account for racial bias.

One high-profile example is in facial recognition technology, which has in the past been trained to recognise white faces more easily than those from other backgrounds. Such problems led IBM to abandon some of its efforts with the technology last year, labelling it as "biased".

The TUC also pointed to recent reports of allegations from delivery drivers for Uber Eats who claimed they had been fired because the facial recognition software was unable to recognise their faces.

That led to drivers with 100% ratings and thousands of deliveries under their belts being fired for failing to complete an ID check, the affected drivers claimed. Uber denies this, saying a human review is always involved before it drops drivers from its platform.

'Exceptionally dangerous'

The authors of the report for the TUC, Robin Allen and Dee Masters from Cloisters law firm, said while AI could be beneficial, "used in the wrong way it can be exceptionally dangerous".

"Already important decisions are being made by machines," the pair said in a joint statement.

"Accountability, transparency and accuracy need to be guaranteed by the legal system through the carefully crafted legal reforms we propose. There are clear red lines, which must not be crossed if work is not to become dehumanised."

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AI at work: Staff 'hired and fired by algorithm'

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The Trades Union Congress (TUC) has warned about what it calls "huge gaps" in UK employment law over the use of artificial intelligence at work. The TUC said workers could be "hired and fired by algorithm", and new legal protections were needed.

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Explified. (2019). “How Technology Has Changed Our Lives?” YouTube 

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In the YouTube video "How technology changed our lives," the person talking really gets into how much technology has affected us as human beings and our jobs. They talk about all the positives and negatives impacts that have happened because of the modern technology and AI. They really look closely at how we and technology have this kind of complex relationship. The video does a really good job of showing how technology has made work easier and it talks about how modern technology like computers and the internet have helped the workplaces and how technology has come a long way by changing world of work and reshaping the labour market to be faster and better. But also talks about how as time passes technology been making people jobless therefore creating a high unemployment rate.

The YouTube video has engaging presentation and visuals that are captivating, the video clearly shows how technology has become an important part of our daily lives. The use of captivating graphics and visual aids effectively relays the message, making complex ideas easier to understand, even for those who are new to the topic.

However, the video falls a little bit short in terms of its structure and organization. The flow of ideas sometimes appears disjointed, making it difficult to follow the order of arguments. A clearer outline or a more structured approach would have greatly improved the overall clarity of the presentation. Despite this drawback, the video maintains relevance by discussing current technological trends and their direct impact to the people wanting to entering the workforce, making it relatable to students preparing for their future careers.

In conclusion, "How technology changed our lives" successfully captures the deep influence of technology in our lives through its engaging visuals and relevant content. While it could benefit from a more structured approach, the video succeeds in delivering an insightful and thoughts on the ups and downs of the technological revolution, leaving viewers with a deeper understanding of the evolving world of the modern workplace.

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Worried AI will take your job? The history of Microsoft Excel should give you hope

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Turner, M. (2023). Worried AI will take your job? The history of Microsoft Excel should give you hope. Business Insider. Accessed 13 October 2023.

This article addresses concerns about AI impacting jobs, drawing parallels with past technologies like spreadsheets and ATMs. Many people worry that AI will replace jobs, similar to how spreadsheets and ATMs once caused job loss fears. Major organizations like Goldman Sachs and experts like Daron Acemoglu have expressed these concerns. A recent poll found that one in five college-educated workers is anxious about losing their jobs to technology.

However, the article also presents a more optimistic view. It notes that historical examples demonstrate how technology is changing the job market. For instance, when spreadsheets became popular, fewer bookkeepers were needed, but more accountants and auditors were hired.

The article emphasizes the importance of adapting to and collaborating with technology. It suggests that AI's impact on jobs is part of an ongoing transformation and that we should explore ways to use technology to create new job opportunities.

In simple terms, this article discusses how people are worried about AI potentially taking their jobs, much like previous technologies. It mentions experts and predictions but also highlights that technology can generate new job opportunities. The advice is to adapt, learn new skills and work with AI to make the most of it.

Historically, concerns about technology reshaping jobs have arisen, like with spreadsheets and ATMs. Even though AI is a cause for concern, it is essential to remember that technology can also create new job opportunities. Adapting and finding ways to work alongside AI is key.

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Lots of people are worried AI is going to take a bunch of jobs.

Lots of people also worried decades ago that spreadsheets and ATMs would take jobs.

Both technologies were job creators overall.

By now I expect you've seen the predictions that artificial intelligence will replace millions of jobs.

Earlier this year, Goldman Sachs predicted AI would impact 300 million jobs worldwide, triggering "significant disruption" in the labor market.

There have been high-profile examples of companies big and small replacing workers with AI. IBM, for example, said earlier this year it would halt hiring for certain roles that could be replaced by the technology.

And leading academics like Daron Acemoglu have been sounding the alarm on the potential impact of AI on the workforce.

That's left many fearing for their careers. A recent poll found one in five college-educated workers said they're worried about losing their jobs to technology.

This is not surprising. Throughout history, technology has transformed work in multiple ways, impacting the labor market in the process. In a big research report published recently, Morgan Stanley compared the rise of AI with past periods of technological innovation. And its findings offer reasons for optimism.

Take spreadsheets. They first emerged in the late 70s, with the adoption of this new way of bookkeeping accelerating with the introduction of Microsoft Excel in the late 80s.

Here's Morgan Stanley:

"As adoption of this technology grew rapidly throughout the 1980s, especially after the introduction of Microsoft Excel in 1987, we saw a reduction in the number of Americans working as bookkeepers and accounting/auditing clerks (from ~2 million in 1987 to just above 1.5 million by 2000) - but we also saw a significant increase in Americans employed as accountants/auditors (rising from ~1.3 million in 1987 to ~1.5 million in 2000) and management analysts & financial managers (from ~0.6 million in 1987 to ~1.5 million in 2000)"

In other words, any decline in one type of job was more than offset by the creation of new, adjacent jobs.

Something similar happened with the introduction of the ATM, which was predicted to put an end to the job of the bank teller. Instead, the ATMs made it cheaper to operate a branch, while the demand for bank branches increased, creating even more jobs for tellers than before.

Here's Morgan Stanley again:

"During many prior periods of technological innovation, there have been predictions of tremendous job losses, and broadly what we have seen is the opposite driven by increased productivity, lower prices and also entirely new products and services."

It's important to note here that these numbers show the total number of people employed. It's absolutely the case that someone might lose their job as a bookkeeper and not be able to retrain or get another job as an accountant or financial manager. And if you're that bookkeeper, it's cold comfort that there's growth in professions that aren't available to you.

That makes is absolutely key to help those who do face disruption develop new skills, something Morgan Stanley notes:

GenAI labor disruptions could herald unprecedented demand for reskilling. While private-public partnerships can mitigate GenAI labor disruption, we believe the extent of labor disruptions will likely require a significant ramping up in capacity to retrain large numbers of US workers

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Worried AI will take your job? The history of Microsoft Excel should give you hope

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Lots of people are worried AI is going to take a bunch of jobs. But the history of spreadsheets offers cause for hope.

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AI anxiety: The workers who fear losing their jobs to artificial intelligence

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Cox, J. (2023). AI anxiety: The workers who fear losing their jobs to artificial intelligence. BBC. Accessed 30 October 2023.

Many workers, like Claire, are worried about how artificial intelligence (AI), including systems like ChatGPT, might affect their jobs. They fear that AI's rapid development could put their job security at risk. Reports from organizations like Goldman Sachs and PwC have even suggested that AI might replace millions of jobs, creating anxiety among employees.

Specifically, people in creative fields are concerned that clients may prefer AI's convenience and lower costs over human creativity. Career coaches and HR experts advise employees not to give in to fear but to focus on what they can control. They recommend learning to work with AI, seeing it as a tool rather than a threat. This way, workers can increase their value to employers and reduce their anxiety.

Despite the intimidating pace of AI innovation, experts encourage individuals to embrace and educate themselves about AI. They stress the importance of acquiring new skills and adapting to technological changes. History has shown that industries have successfully adjusted to disruptions caused by automation and technology in the past.

Research also suggests that fears of AI taking over human jobs might be exaggerated. Studies, such as one by Eric Dahlin at Brigham Young University, indicate that the rate of robots replacing jobs is not as high as people think. Humans have unique qualities, like creativity and emotional intelligence, that can't be replaced. Therefore, the workforce of the future will likely be a mix of human and robotic contributions.

In response to these uncertainties, some workers, like Claire, are taking proactive steps to understand the technology transforming their industries. For example, Claire, a PR worker, is exploring online courses to learn coding. She recognizes that ignoring technology won't make it go away, and embracing it could benefit her career.

To sum it up, concerns about AI's impact on jobs are legitimate, but experts suggest that workers can reduce their anxiety by adapting to technological changes, acquiring new skills, and recognizing the unique value that humans bring to the workforce. This ensures that humans and robots will continue to coexist in the future of work. This article is closely related to the topic of how technology is affecting people and  work by highlighting the concerns and strategies individuals are using to adapt to the changing landscape influenced by AI and automation.

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Many workers worry AI is coming for their jobs. Can we get past the fear and find a silver lining?

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Waggoner, P. E. (1995). How much land can ten billion people spare for nature? Does technology make a difference? Technology in Society, 17(1), 17-34.

I chose this article because it explored the potential impact of technology on land use and agricultural practices in light of global population growth. The article laid the foundation for understanding the relationship between technology, land use, and feeding a growing population, with a focus on sustainable agriculture and agricultural practices besides remaining permanent. The emergence of changing environmental conditions related to climate change, water scarcity, loss of biodiversity, affects land use development and requires various technological solutions Aldo That statement this is from 1995 with the past 26 years Many changes since then have been made, it helps me see how technology changes over the years. This article serves as a fundamental resource offering a preliminary understanding of how technology could impact agriculture and land use. However, it also highlights the swiftness of technological progress and the persistent challenges within the environmental sphere that necessitate continual reassessment. The evolutionary journey of industrial agriculture, coupled with the utilization of land and the ever-shifting dynamics of social mobility across the developing world population, remains a complex and ongoing saga, warranting deeper consideration and innovative solutions. Thus, while this article provides a foundational understanding, it also prompts a call for reevaluating the intersection of technology, agriculture, and environmental sustainability in a world that constantly evolves.

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2021, Ecological Complexity

A prey-predator model incorporating prey refuge with variable carrying capacity and Holling type-II functional response is proposed and analyzed. The model includes a case of increasing carrying capacity as well as a decreasing carrying capacity case. Sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the existence and local stability of the equilibrium points of the proposed model. Moreover, the occurrence of transcritical bifurcation as well as Hopf bifurcation are investigated. The effect of some model parameter related to the prey refuge and the variable carrying capacity on the prey-predator dynamics has been examined. Numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the theoretical results and to illustrate the effect of these parameters on the model dynamics. Moreover, a comparison with the constant carrying case has been presented.

2019, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment

Rapid increase in human population, per capita food consumption (i.e., meat-intensive diet), and biofuel production further drives increasing demand for land. One critical solution is agricultural intensification of crop yield (i.e., crop production per unit area) improvement on the existing croplands. Therefore, the pressure to convert other land for food production can be reduced. Here, we used a panel data of the three most important crops (i.e., corn, soybean, and wheat) in the US Midwest to explore trends of change in agricultural yields and cropland areas at both county and crop levels during 1974-2008. We then utilized mapping to visualize and explicitly examine the spatial patterns of land-sparing and agricultural expansion. Finally, we related cropland area changes to changes in yield and other factors that may impact the contraction/expansion of cropland areas. We detected agricultural expansion with yield increases when considering all counties together. However, cropland area increases were less rapid than rises in crop production. Counties located at the southern periphery of the Corn Belt experienced land-sparing, whereas counties located at the western margin of the Corn Belt, that are more arid and potentially require higher input, exhibited highest agricultural expansion. Higher crop prices and USDA farm subsidies were associated with agricultural expansion.

View all citing articles on Scopus

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How much land can ten billion people spare for nature? Does technology make a difference?

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The author examines whether Nature, with the help of technology, can endure an increase in the global population to ten billion people. This is discus...

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Wang, B., Liu, Y., & Parker, S. K. (2020). How does the use of information communication technology affect individuals? A work design perspective. Academy of Management Annals, 14(2), 695-725.

I chose this article because it examines eighty-three empirical studies, and provides a comprehensive understanding of the microscopic effects of technology on the workforce. The article offers a framework linking ICT use to employee outcomes, which interests me in a way that can guide future research and provide a systematic approach to understanding how ICT shapes business processes and affects employee well-being. It also offers a cross-cutting perspective, leading to intelligent discussions on a variety of topics. On the other hand, this article discusses the pace of technological progress that may exceed research findings by 2020, and that new technologies and tools may not be fully adopted or widely studied. The statement may also not be immediately applicable to many or specific post-2020 technological issues. Which isn’t that long but still technology changes rapidly these days. Although the time lag between research and the present may not be large, the improving nature of technology means that development has been rapid and, as a result, this temporal gap may limit the applicability of the article immediately in understanding and addressing the implications of what is currently available or more specific the way technological developments have occurred. The rapid pace of technological change may make some insights and discoveries outdated or not directly relevant to the current technological environment.

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Meg E Morris, Brooke Adair, Elizabeth Ozanne, Kurowski, W., Miller, K. J., Pearce, A. J., Santamaria, N., Long, M., Ventura, C., & Said, C. M. (2014). Smart technologies to enhance social connectedness in older people who live at home. Australasian Journal on Ageing, 33(3), 142-152.

I chose this article because it discusses the potential benefits of smart technology for increasing the social mobility of home-dwelling older adults. It highlights the benefits of enhanced health care and improved social interaction, taking into account today’s evolving technological environment Smart technologies can help older adults manage a variety of health conditions , to provide a way to stay connected and engaged. Because it goes through my life because I have old family member  is very interested in what it’s saying and there’s a lot of goodness in it. The article also shows how technology can affect me through potential limitations in implementing smart technologies for the elderly, such as issues of usability, accessibility, and technology. These challenges remain, and continued improvements are needed to ensure that older adults can successfully adopt and benefit from such technologies. All of these articles have a wealth of information on both positive and negative aspects of technology for the elderly such as the potential benefits of smart technology to enhance social interaction and the need for healthcare the elderly, emphasizes the need for further research and implementation strategies. Current technological advances likely reflect advances in health-focused technologies, but continuous improvements in design, access, and use are needed to better meet the needs of an older population Continued research and refinement is essential to fully exploit the potential benefits while addressing the limitations and challenges associated with technology delivery for older adults.

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Rotman, D. (2013). How technology is destroying jobs. Technology Review, 16(4), 28-35.

I chose this article because it illustrates the impact of technological progress on employment and income inequality, especially in computer technology. The article highlights the potential consequences of the widespread use of technology in industries such as robotics and automation. It also predicts the negative impact of technology on productivity, highlighting the rate of job destruction relative to new job creation. In this way, the handling of survivors by robots becomes easier. The flaw on this article is that the technological landscape has improved dramatically since 2013, as advances in artificial intelligence, machine learning and automation impact businesses beyond what was expected when the article was published It should that it is competitive because this article warned about the possible negative effects of technological progress on employment and income inequality, the current technology and common sense may have become the it is more intense. There exists a pressing need for a deeper comprehension of the multidimensional impacts of technology on industries and the working environment. Furthermore, strategies and adaptive measures are imperative to counter the potentially negative effects that technological advancements might bring. The article's concerns about the detrimental consequences have been partly addressed by advancements in technology. However, this evolution also calls for a reassessment of potential risks and benefits, as well as the development of proactive measures to mitigate any adverse impacts on employment and income inequality.

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West, D. M. (2015). What happens if robots take the jobs? The impact of emerging technologies on employment and public policy. Brookings Institution Press.

This article discusses how technology, specifically automation, can have both positive and negative effects on people and work. On the positive side, automation makes things faster, cheaper, and safer. For example, robots can do repetitive or risky jobs that people might not do well. This leads to better products and helps companies produce more.

However, there's a downside to automation. When machines take over jobs, it can hurt people's income and the way they live. Some may find new jobs due to automation, but many will lose their old ones. This can make it challenging for people to adjust their lives, as they often have to lower their standard of living. When people have less money, they tend to buy fewer things, and this slows down the economy.

To address these challenges, the article suggests ideas from Darrell West. One suggestion is to help workers learn new skills and find new jobs. Providing money and training to those affected by technology is essential. It's also crucial to create new jobs in areas where automation can't replace humans. West mentions the concept of giving everyone some money, even if they don't have a job. This way, everyone can meet their basic needs, even if they're not employed, which keeps the economy thriving.

In summary, this article explores how automation can have both positive and negative impacts on people and their work. It emphasizes the need to address the challenges posed by automation by helping people adapt to new jobs, offering financial support, and creating employment opportunities. The concept of universal basic income is also mentioned as a way to ensure that everyone can meet their essential needs, even in a changing job landscape. The article highlights the importance of thoughtful and inclusive approaches to technology to ensure its benefits are shared by all.

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Robotics artificial intelligence and the

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Webster, C., & Ivanov, S. (2019). Robotics, artificial intelligence, and the evolving nature of work. In George, B., & Paul, J. (Eds.). Business Transformation in Data Driven Societies. Palgrave-MacMillan (forthcoming).

This article discusses how the increased use of robots and artificial intelligence (AI) in the job market is having a big impact on people and the way they work. This change has been happening for a long time, and it means that machines are starting to do jobs that people used to do. Some jobs that need special skills might still be safe from this, but many other jobs are at risk of being taken over by machines. This can cause problems and worries for the public.

To deal with these problems, the article says that we need the government to make decisions and take action. They need to make new rules and policies to keep the economy and the political system stable. For example, in 2016, the United States made plans and wrote documents to get ready for automation, showing how important it is for the government to be involved.

The article also talks about what individuals can do to stay competitive in this changing job market. People need to learn new skills that are in demand in the new economy. Schools and colleges should change what they teach to help students prepare for this new world of work. People who use their knowledge in their jobs need to be careful because the technology might make their skills outdated. So, they should always be learning and keeping up with new technology.

In simple words, this article is about how technology, like robots and AI, is changing the way people work and the kind of jobs they do. It says that people need to learn new skills, and schools need to teach those skills. It also shows that the government needs to make rules and plans to help the economy and people stay stable in this changing world.

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Turner, J. (2023). The 8 Main Ways Technology Impacts Your Daily Life. Tech.co. ( Accessed 3 November 2023)

This article discusses how technology affects people, and the way work is changing. It highlights eight key areas where technology has made an impact.

Improved Communication: Technology has transformed how we communicate, shifting from traditional phone calls to messaging, social media, and video calling. This change has influenced how young people connect with others and conduct work-related meetings.

AI Changing The Way We Work: The rise of AI tools like ChatGPT has revolutionized work tasks. Young people are utilizing these tools for various purposes, such as answering questions and enhancing productivity in their studies and jobs.

Decreased Privacy: Increased internet use has led to concerns about privacy, especially for young people who spend a significant amount of time online. The article discusses tools like password managers and VPNs that can help protect their online presence.

Accessible Shopping: Online shopping has become prevalent, allowing young people to shop conveniently from their devices. This technology has changed the way they purchase goods and services.

Better Information Access: Young individuals can access vast amounts of information easily through technology. It has transformed the way they learn and acquire knowledge, as they can find information quickly using smartphones and apps.

Virtual Social Lives: Social media platforms have become a significant part of young people's lives. These platforms offer real-time insights into the lives of others, but they also raise concerns about their impact on young people's mental health.

Flexible Working: The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the acceptance of remote work, which is especially relevant to young professionals. Technology plays a crucial role in enabling remote work and managing distributed teams.

Smarter Health Tracking: Fitness devices like the Apple Watch provide young people with advanced health monitoring, helping them stay healthy and active.

In conclusion, technology has a profound impact on young people's lives, influencing how they communicate, work, shop, access information, socialize, and even track their health. It has both advantages and drawbacks, with privacy concerns and potential effects on mental health. As the nature of work changes with technology, young individuals are at the forefront of these transformations, and it's essential for them to strike a balance between the benefits and challenges posed by technology in their daily lives.

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Technology affects almost every aspect of life in 2023, from transport efficiency and safety to access to food and healthcare, socialization, and productivity. It's made learning more convenient, information easier to access, and has enabled global communities to form organically on the internet.

Even though technology has impacted our lives positively and allowed ideas and resources to be shared more easily, the overuse of some technology has been linked to a decline in mental health, increased social division, and privacy concerns. The rapid rise of AI tools like ChatGPT has raised even more questions about the role technology plays in our lives.

We take technology for granted every day - even when it's delivering us the latest news in an instant, making our cappuccino, or connecting us with loved ones halfway across the country (or even the world).

So, to remind ourselves of just how much technology has changed society, we've taken a look at the eight most important ways that tech has impacted our lives in recent years.

1. Improved Communication

"Come here Watson, I need to see you." These were the first words that Alexander Graham Bell uttered over his revolutionary invention back in 1876, and it's fair to say that the trusty telephone has had a good run. Bell originally dreamed that there would be 'one in every town'. He was right of course - in fact, these days, there's one in every person's pocket. However, technology has seen the traditional audio call being edged out in favor of messaging and social media as a way of touching base.

Another medium that has seen a boom in the last few years is video calling. It's nothing particularly new - the concept has been around for about as long as Bell's telephone - but the revolution of high-speed broadband at affordable prices means that it's now easy to send and receive the amounts of data needed for a video call.

While video calling has spent the last decade slowly creeping into daily life, it's the ongoing pandemic that has pushed it over the edge and secured its future as an everyday way to stay in touch.

Thanks to lockdowns and social distancing, families and friends are meeting up and socializing via video call more than ever before.

If you hadn't heard of Zoom before 2020, you will have certainly become aware of it by now, and while there are plenty of other video conferencing apps out there, it's Zoom that has emerged as the poster child for video chat in the public consciousness. In 2023, some estimates suggest Zoom still has well over 800 million unique global visitors a month.

In the post-pandemic world, more of us are working from home than ever. Many in-person meetings have been replaced with video conferencing as office staff swapping the boardroom for the bedroom (or wherever else they can find space to work at home) in droves. Now, based on data from mid-2022, Mckinsey estimates 35% of Americans can work from home full time.

While Zoom is a great tool for catching up with buddies, can it do the job of supporting your business through the pandemic? We've evaluated several high-profile video conferencing systems and can help you find the right one for your company in minutes.

2. AI Changing The Way We Work

If someone had told you just a few years ago that very soon, you'd have access to a free AI tool that could help you with all of your tasks, you might not have believed them. But in 2023, millions of people are now using ChatGPT, Bard, and other generative AI tools for all sorts of tasks in their personal and work lives.

Although it was only launched back in November 2022, ChatGPT has already had a transformative impact on the lives of students and businesspeople alike, making their lives easier by quickly and accurately answering questions relating to their work.

The AI revolution really is here. ChatGPT has been helping people with jobs like writing recipes, creating job resumes, crafting essays and poems, summarizing historical events, composing emails, creating spreadsheets, and even filing their tax returns. Others have used it to get free legal advice or plan their holiday.

The ChatGPT website is currently generating around 1.8 billion visits a month, and a recent Tech.co survey found that almost half (47%) of business leaders are considering using AI instead of hiring new members of staff. Some experts even say that soon, large companies will have " 50 different AI tools " in operation.

Be mindful that although ChatGPT is useful and has already had a significant impact on the lives of millions of people, you can't - and shouldn't - use it for every single essay, report, or task in your day-to-day life.

Although using ChatGPT isn't technically plagiarism - after all, you're not copying someone else's work - many universities and schools now consider it to be cheating. Some teachers have said their students can use it, while others have banned it completely. It's also not perfect, and it's certainly not a geniue - AI tools often get things wrong, and you should always double-check the responses you receive from them.

3. Decreased Privacy

We're spending more of our lives online than ever before. According to one report, the "typical" global internet user spent seven hours a day online in 2022.

Shopping? It's done on Amazon. Catching up with friends? It's FaceTime, Snapchat, or email. Want to be entertained? Netflix, or online gaming. Research? Hit up Google. Almost every facet of our daily routines can be catered for online today, so it seems inevitable that our time spent online will only increase. In fact, 37% of consumers said in a 2022 survey that they'd switched companies in an attempt to protect their own privacy.

While access to everything online gives us an unparalleled level of convenience, it has also made us vulnerable. Every move we make online is recorded, and we leave digital footprints wherever we visit. Hackers and scammers know this, and work hard to exploit it for financial gain.

Of course, as with everything else, technology has also given us the tools to protect ourselves and ensure that we are safe as our lives migrate online. In 2023, this is even more key - many of us are not only browsing for personal reasons, but accessing shared work networks from our own homes, and we can't rely on the closed off security of the physical office.

One piece of technology that will help keep your data safe is the password manager. A password manager will protect your existing passwords, suggest new and secure ones, and in some cases, even monitor the web to ensure that your details aren't compromised. Not only that, but it will do away with that ever-present fear we all have of forgetting one of our many, many passwords. If you don't have one, there's never been a better time to invest -plus, with some of the best apps only costing a few dollars a month, it's a great low-cost solution for added security.

Another great security advancement is the Virtual Private Network (VPN). A VPN will bypass your internet service provider and mask your digital footprints. Nobody will be able to see the content you are accessing, and it makes you a lot less susceptible to hackers. You can also use public Wi-Fi accounts with more confidence. Many businesses have adopted them recently, as well as home users. Our recommendation? Surfshark. It's packed with features, but is also simple to use, which is why it rated so highly in our VPN head-to-head review.

There's also anti-virus software, providing a great shield from all the nasties out there on the internet looking to catch us out. This includes ransomware and malware, which is usually designed with the intent of extracting money from victims. From individuals to government, nobody is immune, and good antivirus software is a great way to capture and quarantine such efforts before they can wreak havoc.

Lastly, there are different ways to remove your personal information from Google that, in a world of decreased privacy, are definitely worth knowing about. Knowing how to kick off Google's official removal request process will come in handy, for example, if you find content on a website that includes sensitive data about you.

4. Accessible Shopping

As we've mentioned, shopping has found a convenient and popular home online, but that's not to say the high street is to be ignored - after all, you can't really beat seeing a product in the flesh before you buy it, and you can't eat out online just yet (you can order a delivery, but that's not quite the same).

Technology hasn't bypassed physical shopping either. Thanks to contactless cards and phone payments, we don't need to worry about handing over cash or keying in a pin number - just tap to pay, and you're done.

If you're a business, then a Point of Sale (POS) system is a huge boon, regardless of your size. With a POS, not only can you take payments electronically, but you can also automatically manage stock levels, create electronic receipts, manage loyalty schemes, manage sales and so on. It doesn't need to be costly, either - POS systems start at around $30 a month, and some even offer free hardware. To find out more, take a look at our POS system reviews, and compare POS systems today.

Of course, you don't need to leave the house to shop. With the vast majority of us owning a tablet, laptop or smartphone, we've all got easy access to a virtual shop front right in front of us, where we can buy pretty much anything we want.

Technology has also democratized retail. It used to be the case that you needed a physical presence to start your own shop - now all you need is a computer and an idea.

Sharing your wares with the world is easier than ever. This is thanks to the simplicity of website builders - tools that can help you create professional-looking websites in minutes, then sell your products or services.

5. Better Information Access

Today, if you want to find something out, it's no more strenuous than a couple of clicks. For many of us, we don't even need to move from the spot - simply pull out your phone and get Googling, or even ask your smart home assistant.

It may seem like a distant memory, but it wasn't so long ago that you'd have to take a trip to the library to find out more in-depth information about a subject if it was available at all. Now, due to these advances in technology, you can find hundreds of thousands of web pages dedicated to pretty much anything you can dream of, from "crochet patterns" (Google gives 129,000,000 results) to "Roman history" (1,360,000,000 results).

It's something of a cliche, but there is literally an app for anything, and they've rendered a lot of other mediums all but obsolete for many of us. Take GPS, for example - if you want to know how to get somewhere, it's simply a case of pulling up an app like Google Maps and choosing the best route, which will come complete with directions, as well as satellite imaging. There are even apps for businesses that automatically route vehicles alongside traffic, weather, safety and legal information. App technology has also made learning, dating, dining, and almost anything else you can think of a lot easier for us.

Not to be overlooked either are the actual devices that all these apps run on. The rise of the smartphone has been exponential over the last decade, and daily web searches on mobile devices now outnumber those on laptop or desktop computers. Improvements continue to be made to handheld devices, each and every year, without fail.

The mobile phone is now considered an essential device for almost everyone, vastly superseding its original use as a telephone (to actually talk to people) and becoming our pocket-sized portal to an online world.

6. Virtual Social Lives

Another seismic change in our lives over the past decade has been the widespread usage of social media. This industry has progressed fast, and the early days of the likes of MySpace and the original version of Facebook - which first went live in 2006 - seem like a bygone age already.

In 2023, Services such as Twitter, Snapchat, TikTok, Instagram, and others give us an insight into the waking lives of others in real-time, whether they're friends with a few followers or celebrities with millions. New platforms are still coming out this year. Just recently, Meta - the company that owns WhatsApp, Facebook, and Instagram - brought out a new social media platform called Threads, which is a little bit like Twitter.

Now, these very same companies want us to spend even more time online, in a digital space they call "the Metaverse", a virtual reality where users can interact in a computer-generated environment. Facebook's chief Mark Zuckerberg says he wants one billion people to exist within it one day, and a variety of metaverse companies now exist. In the past year, some businesses even managed to sell virtual land in the metaverse.

Businesses have got in on the act too, and a savvy social media manager is considered essential in most companies, with their ability to make or break a brand's reputation.

Social media's course over the last few years has been somewhat bumpy, but as a society, or many societies, we've never seen global communication on such a scale. It has enabled the rise of social commentary and movements, such as #MeToo and Black Lives Matter, as well as leaving us vulnerable, with the likes of Facebook's Cambridge Analytica scandal serving to manipulate voters and skew democracy.

Social media can be fun, but studies have also shown that it can have a detrimental effect on our mental health. It's so bad, in fact, that some governments are calling for social media companies to be more responsible - especially when it comes to younger users.

A recent study in the UK found that 46% of young girls reported that social media had a negative impact on their self-esteem, so there's clearly a lot to fix. Lots of other recent studies have found links between social media use and mental health issues like depression, anxiety, and even Smartphone addiction.

Ultimately, social media is only as positive as the hands of the people it's in - but it looks like it's here to stay, whether you like it or not.

As a consumer, you can choose to opt out, but businesses yet to get in on the action will soon fall behind the competition. Digital marketing is a hugely important aspect of any company with an online presence, and an essential one to get right.

7. Flexible Working

2020 will be remembered for a lot of negative reasons, but one of its most defining positives has been the widespread acceptance of working from home. With the pandemic in full swing, many had to abandon their offices and log on from their own residences.

At its peak, 42% of Americans were working from home, according to one study. The trend has continued longer after the pandemic too, with large companies such as Twitter and Microsoft already stating that their staff can work from home indefinitely.

The CIPD's 2023 report on flexible working found that 40% of organizations reported an increase in requests for flexible working arrangements in 2023. Two-thirds (66%) of organizations said it was important to them to offer this perk when advertising for new roles, up from 56% in 2021.

For many, working from home has been something of a revelation - no commuting, more flexible hours, a lessened environmental impact, and being able to choose where they work. All this is made possible thanks to technological advancements, yet again - as well as a whole host of companies offering remote work.

That's not to say working outside the office doesn't have its challenges - organizing employees who are spread across various locations successfully can certainly present problems. But yet again, our friend technological progress comes to the rescue, this time with remote working software, which can aid in organization, time management, goal focus and structure.

8. Smarter Health Tracking

Another trend in technology has been the rise of fitness devices. While we've been using tech to help us stay trim for many years now, we've never before been able to do it to such a scientific degree, with instant feedback and recommendations from devices that can monitor our workouts as we complete them.

If you want to know how invested we are in the fitness tech market, look no further than Apple, whose Apple Watch is heavily advertised as a fitness device.

In 2022, Apple surpassed 50 million Apple Watch sales for the first time - far surpassing the likes of traditional brands like Rolex and Omega.

So what can a fitness watch actually do? We're far beyond the days when your "sports watch" could merely record your lap time. We now have the ability to monitor our heartbeats and blood pressure, track and monitor exercise plans, and even monitor our sleeping patterns.

If you're looking to buy one this year, Tech.co has reviewed and compared some of the best fitness watches out there - including FitBit, Apple Watch, and Garmin Forerunner - to find the best for features and budget.

Conclusion: The Impact of Technology

So, there we have it - eight dramatic ways that technology has impacted our daily lives for good. Of course, technology never takes a rest, and you can bet that it won't be long before some of the devices and services we've covered here are superseded - in many cases, their next iteration is already being worked on in a lab somewhere.

Regardless, there's no denying that technology has, and will continue to, have a huge impact on our lives, in one way or another.
More on this topic:

How Technology Has Changed Our Lives: FAQs

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The 8 Main Ways Technology Impacts Your Daily Life - Tech.co

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From home entertainment to travel, communication and healthcare, we explain how different types of technology impact our daily lives.

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Dahlin, E. (2019). Are robots stealing our jobs?. Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World, 5.

This article explores the impact of robots and automation on employment in the United States. The author argues that the fear that robots are replacing paid workers on a large scale seems to be overstated. The article presents regression models that indicate that robots have a positive effect on employment in high-skill jobs characterized by nonroutine and cognitive labor and in middle-skill jobs characterized by routine and manual labor. The author suggests that the fear of robots replacing human workers is not entirely accurate and that robots have differential effects depending on the type of occupation.

The article also discusses the two primary views that animate discussions about the impact of robots and automation on employment. The first view, which the author calls the displacement view, raises concerns about robots making employees obsolete. The second view suggests that automation is spreading unevenly throughout the labor market, destroying employment prospects in some occupations characterized by simple and routine tasks such as bookkeeping and assembly-line work, while leaving other occupations characterized by abstract and complex tasks relatively unaffected.

The article suggests that the impact of robots and automation on employment is complex and that new perspectives are needed to account for the complementarities between industrial robots and employees. The author calls for the development of new perspectives that anticipate the evolution of new occupations that are likely to occur as employees adapt to the novel technologies that are introduced continually into the workplace.

The article also discusses the potential impact of automation on employment in the future. Some news articles suggest optimistically that humans are adept at adapting to new technologies and that automation will create new types of jobs in the future. However, the author suggests that more research is needed to understand the impact of automation on employment and to develop strategies to prepare for the potential impact of automation on employment.

In conclusion, the article suggests that the impact of robots and automation on employment is complex and that new perspectives are needed to understand the complementarities between industrial robots and employees. The author calls for more research to understand the impact of automation on employment and to develop strategies to prepare for the potential impact of automation on employment.

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Ramaswamy, K.V. (2018). Technological Change, Automation and Employment: A Short Review of Theory and Evidence. International Review of Business and Economics, 2(2), 1-36.

This article provides a concise overview of the relationship between technology, particularly digital technologies and automation, and its impact on employment. It addresses several key aspects of how technology and robots are affecting people and work.

1. **Impact on Mental Tasks:** The article discusses how digital technologies have significantly affected jobs that involve mental tasks traditionally carried out by humans. With the advancement of computing power, automation, and artificial intelligence (AI), many tasks that required human cognitive abilities are now being performed by machines. This includes tasks such as data analysis, decision-making, and even customer service. As a result, there is a growing concern about the potential for technological unemployment, where people might lose their jobs due to automation.

2. **Creation of New Jobs:** While the article highlights the potential for some jobs to be displaced by automation, it also emphasizes that new opportunities are emerging. Specifically, in areas like software development, data analysis, and robotics maintenance, there is a growing demand for skilled workers. This suggests that the relationship between technology and work is not solely about job loss but also about job creation in new, technology-driven fields.

3. **Importance of Skills Development:** The article underscores the critical role of skills development and education in adapting to the changing job landscape. As technology continues to evolve, workers need to acquire new skills to remain employable. This highlights the connection between technology and education, as people must continually update their abilities to match the demands of the job market.

4. **Lack of Concrete Policy Solutions:** The article, however, does not provide specific policy recommendations to address the potential negative effects of technological change on employment. Instead, it encourages policymakers to be aware of the impact of technology on jobs and suggests they should support workers affected by automation. This reflects the ongoing challenge of crafting effective policies to mitigate the disruptive effects of technology on employment.

In summary, this article explores the intricate relationship between technology, automation, and employment. It acknowledges the concerns about job displacement due to technology but also highlights the opportunities for new employment in technology-related fields. It emphasizes the importance of continuous skills development and education to adapt to these changes. Ultimately, the article calls on policymakers to consider the impact of technology on employment and support workers in this evolving landscape. This discussion underscores the profound influence of technology and robots on how people work and the need for proactive responses to these shifts in the job market.

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Acemoglu, D. & Autor, D. (2010). Skills, Tasks and Technologies: Implications for Employment and Earnings. NBER Working Paper No. 16082.

The impact of technology on employment and earnings is a topic of great interest in today's world. The paper "Skills, Tasks and Technologies: Implications for Employment and Earnings" by Daron Acemoglu and David Autor explores the impact of technological advancements on the job market and the skills required for employment.

The authors argue that technological change has led to a polarization of employment opportunities, with job growth concentrated in high-skill, high-wage occupations and low-skill, low-wage occupations, while middle-skill jobs have declined. They suggest that technological change has contributed to rising wage inequality, as workers with the right skills and abilities are able to command higher wages in the new economy.

The authors define routine tasks as those that are "repetitive, rule-based, and easily automated," while non-routine tasks are those that require "problem-solving, adaptability, and creativity." They argue that technological change has had a disproportionate impact on routine tasks, leading to a decline in middle-skill jobs that involve routine tasks.

To address the potential negative effects of technological change on employment, the authors suggest several policy recommendations. These include investing in education and training programs to help workers acquire the skills needed for the new economy, providing wage subsidies to encourage employers to hire workers in low-wage occupations, and implementing policies to promote job creation in high-skill, high-wage occupations. They also suggest that policymakers should consider redistributive policies to address rising income inequality.

In conclusion, this article highlights the need for a systematic understanding of recent labor market trends and the impact of technology on employment and earnings. The authors suggest that a framework that factors in changes in the allocation of skills to tasks is necessary to develop a better understanding of the impact of technology on labor market outcomes. The paper provides valuable insights into the impact of technological change on employment and earnings and offers policy recommendations to address the potential negative effects of technological change on employment.

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Sobotka, B. (2019). CSR and the competences of employees from generations Y and Z. Scientific Papers of the Silesian University of Technology, Organisation and Management Series, (134), 234-245.

This article discusses how companies can collaborate with young people who are entering the workforce while also upholding social responsibility. It discusses the difficulties businesses have finding and retaining Gen Y and Gen Z workers as well as how technology and artificial intelligence are transforming the labour market. Certain career options are vulnerable to automation, while others require soft skills like interpersonal communication, negotiation, creativity, and persuasion.

It also talks about how Gen Y and Z employees differ from prior generations in terms of their attitudes and abilities. According to the author, businesses need to consider fresh approaches to employee motivation because standard methods of managing people are out-of-date. Additionally, he notes that because Gen Y and Z employees are very concerned with social and ethical issues, organisations that prioritise social responsibility have a greater chance of drawing in and keeping these younger workers. In order to draw in these workers, he suggests establishing a "turquoise management model".

In conclusion, the paper discusses how companies may adjust to developments in technology and collaborate with the upcoming Gen Z and Y workers. It highlights the significance of maintaining a socially conscious workplace in order attract in and retain these workers, and it offers creative approaches to leadership to do so.

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Colbert, A. E., Yee, N., & George, G. (2016). The digital workforce and the workplace of the future. Academy of Management Journal, 59(3), 731-739.

This article explores the ways in which technology is transforming our relationships and our work. The writers discuss how technology impacts our social interactions and sense of self.

One important thing to remember is that technology has the power to alter our perceptions of who we are and how we present ourselves online, which can occasionally lead to a decrease in self-awareness and authenticity. Given the pervasiveness of technology in our lives, managers and businesses should take note of this.

The essay also suggests that companies employ technology to improve and humanise their work. Our ability to be creative, the amount of information we handle, and our mood at work are all impacted by technology. To make the most of technology and meet its challenges, businesses must use it properly.

Additionally covered is the moral aspect of employing technology at work. While technology can support employees' learning and development, it can also be used to monitor and manage them. This calls into doubt employee freedom and privacy. Businesses must carefully consider these challenges and strike a balance.

In summary, this article looks at how technology is changing work and relationships. It talks about how technology can affect our sense of self, the need for companies to adapt to new technology, and the ethical questions that come with using technology in the workplace. It's a good read for anyone interested in the future of work and how technology is shaping our lives and our connections with others.

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Karasek, A., & Hysa, B. (2020). The challenges of social media in human resources management: A critical analysis. Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology, Organization and Management Series, 144, 236-245.

This article covers the challenges that businesses face when it comes to social media and the expectations of millennial workers from Generation Y and Z. It claims that social media is crucial for these young people and that businesses must alter the way they handle their workforce in order to retain them. Employers should make greater use of social media to manage staff, enhance their online persona, and research potential hires.

The article also addresses how technology—such as phones and computers—is altering how businesses operate. It claims that technology has significantly altered many aspects of businesses. Numerous research investigations have been conducted on the impact of technology on human resource management practises in business. According to the authors, organisations can benefit from knowing what matters to and what motivates their employees in terms of organisation, career paths, motivation, and corporate culture.

The study further explores the challenges that employers face in managing social media at work and what they anticipate from potential hires. Despite using social media to project a positive image of themselves, businesses still struggle with recruiting and communication. According to the study, businesses should establish guidelines for social media use at work, ensure that it's secure, and determine what can and cannot be shared on social media.

This article's conclusion emphasises how urgent it is for companies to adjust to the changing social media landscape and the demands of young workers from Generations Y and Z. It highlights how important social media is to these younger generations and how businesses must change the way they manage their workforces in order to successfully retain them. Companies are urged to use social media as a tool for applicant assessment, staff management, and brand building.

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Chin, T. A., & Rasdi, R. M. (2011). Managing Generation Y employees in Malaysia. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5(11), 1802-1812.

I selected this paper because it offers helpful information into the work habits of Generation Y, particularly in Penang, Malaysia. According to this data, Gen Y is the largest and fastest-growing generation in the workforce and is viewed as large companies' future. A company's ability to keep and oversee these young employees is critical to its success and to the development of future HR procedures.

The study shows that Gen Y has grown up with the internet and mobile devices, making them very connected and social. They influence how we use mobile technology and bring new social behaviors to other generations. They like working with others and staying connected through social networks, both in and out of work.

In addition to thinking like entrepreneurs, Gen Y is recognised for appreciating relationships, tech competence, creativity, and environmental consciousness. Their quick adoption of digital technologies presents a challenge to businesses, as it can be difficult to understand how they use these tools and how they prefer to work. They continually think about messaging apps, social media, and the internet.

The study also points out that Gen Y cares about how work affects their life, and they don't like the idea of working long hours. No matter what kind of work-life balance they choose, they all want to have control over when and how they work.

In conclusion, this study provides a thorough examination of the workplace behaviour of Generation Y. It indicates that Gen Y is essential to the success of businesses in the future and that these businesses must adjust to their needs and preferences. Gen Y values relationships, tech skills, creativity, and environmental consciousness. They are also highly social and connected. They also want autonomy over the hours they work. Companies must comprehend and adjust to these characteristics and preferences of young Gen Y workers if they are to succeed.

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Sara Brown. (July29, 2020). A new study measure

the actual impact pf robots on jobs. Its significan.

United states of America.

This study discusses the negative effects that robots have on workers at all education levels, showing that employees without a university degree are more effected then the ones with a university degree or more, it also suggests that researchers conducting this study also found that ’robot adoption does not have a positive effect on workers with master’s or advanced degrees, which could indicate that unlike other technology, industrial robots are not directly complementing high-skill workers’ . ‘The automotive industry employs 38% of existing robots’ this discusses that the impacts of robots are most likely to affect manual occupations and lower to middle class workers, this is affecting both men and women in different ways and different job sectors. However, men are more effected by robots as more men work in the manufacturing jobs as more men work in this types of sector.

In conclusion robots replace tasks that used to require relatively high-paid manufacturing workers, but they also increase productivity and efficiency for many businesses. Robots have had a negative impact in several USA regions where demand for certain retail and other service occupation has decreased. However this source additionally presents the argument that there may be a lot of uncertainty about how robots will affect society in the future, and that robots are used by businesses and industries, employment and earnings may fluctuate by time.

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Machines replacing humans in the workplace has been a perpetual concern since the Industrial Revolution, and an increasing topic of discussion with the rise of automation in the last few decades. But so far hype has outweighed information about how automation - particularly robots, which do not need humans to operate - actually affects employment and wages.

The recently published paper, "Robots and Jobs: Evidence from U.S. Labor Markets," by MIT professor Daron Acemoglu and Boston University professor Pascual Restrepo, PhD '16, finds that industrial robots do have a negative impact on workers.

The researchers found that for every robot added per 1,000 workers in the U.S., wages decline by 0.42% and the employment-to-population ratio goes down by 0.2 percentage points - to date, this means the loss of about 400,000 jobs. The impact is more sizable within the areas where robots are deployed: adding one more robot in a commuting zone (geographic areas used for economic analysis) reduces employment by six workers in that area.

To conduct their research, the economists created a model in which robots and workers compete for the production of certain tasks.

Industries are adopting robots to various degrees, and effects vary in different parts of the country and among different groups - the automotive industry has adopted robots more than other sectors, and workers who are lower and middle income, perform manual labor, and live in the Rust Belt and Texas are among those most likely to have their work affected by robots.

"It's obviously a very important issue given all of the anxiety and excitement about robots," Acemoglu said. "Our evidence shows that robots increase productivity. They are very important for continued growth and for firms, but at the same time they destroy jobs and they reduce labor demand. Those effects of robots also need to be taken into account."

"That doesn't mean we should be opposed to robots, but it does imply that a more holistic understanding of what their effects are needs to be part of the discussion ... automation technologies generally don't bring shared prosperity by themselves," he said. "They need to be combined with other technological changes that create jobs."

Industrial robots are automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose machines that can do a variety of things like welding, painting, and packaging. They are fully autonomous and don't need humans to operate them. Industrial robots grew fourfold in the U.S. between 1993 and 2007, Acemoglu and Restrepo write, to a rate of one robot per thousand workers. Europe is slightly ahead of the U.S. in industrial robot adoption; the rate there grew to 1.6 robots per thousand workers during that time span.

Improvements in technology adversely affect wages and employment through the displacement effect, in which robots or other automation complete tasks formerly done by workers. Technology also has more positive productivity effects by making tasks easier to complete or creating new jobs and tasks for workers. The researchers said automation technologies always create both displacement and productivity effects, but robots create a stronger displacement effect.

Acemoglu and Restrepo looked at robot use in 19 industries, as well as census and American Community Survey data for 722 commuting zones, finding a negative relationship between a commuting zone's exposure to robots and its post-1990 labor market outcomes.

Between 1990 and 2007, the increase in robots (about one per thousand workers) reduced the average employment-to-population ratio in a zone by 0.39 percentage points, and average wages by 0.77%, compared to commuting zones with no exposure to robots, they found. This implies that adding one robot to an area reduces employment in that area by about six workers.

But what happens in one geographic area affects the economy as a whole, and robots in one area can create positive spillovers. These benefits for the rest of the economy include reducing the prices of goods and creating shared capital income gains. Including this spillover, one robot per thousand workers has slightly less of an impact on the population as a whole, leading to an overall 0.2 percentage point reduction in the employment-to-population ratio, and reducing wages by 0.42%. Thus, adding one robot reduces employment nationwide by 3.3 workers.

In a separate study of robot adoption in France, Acemoglu and his co-authors found that French manufacturing firms that added robots became more productive and profitable, but that increases in robot use led to a decline in employment industrywide.

Disproportionate impacts

The impact of robots varies among different industries, geographic areas, and population groups. Unsurprisingly, the effect of robots is concentrated in manufacturing. The automotive industry has adopted robots more than any other industry, the researchers write, employing 38% of existing robots with adoption of up to 7.5 robots per thousand workers.

The electronics industry employs 15% of robots, while plastics and chemicals employ 10%. Employees in these industries saw the most negative effects, and researchers also estimate negative effects for workers in construction and retail, as well as personal services.

While the automotive industry adopted robots at a quicker pace and to a greater degree than other sectors, that industry did not drive the study's results. The impact of robots was consistent when that industry was taken out of the equation, the researchers write.

Robots are most likely to affect routine manual occupations and lower and middle class workers, and particularly blue-collar workers, including machinists, assemblers, material handlers, and welders, Acemoglu and Restrepo write. Both men and women are affected by adoption of robots, though men slightly more. For men, impacts are seen most in manufacturing jobs. For women, the impacts were seen most in non-manufacturing jobs.

Robots negatively affect workers at all education levels, though workers without college degrees were impacted far more than those with a college degree or more. The researchers also found robot adoption does not have a positive effect on workers with master's or advanced degrees, which could indicate that unlike other technology, industrial robots are not directly complementing high-skill workers.

Some parts of the United States saw relatively small adoption of robots, while in other states, including Kentucky, Louisiana, Missouri, Texas, and Virginia, robots have been adopted more along the order of two to five robots per thousand workers. In some parts of Texas, that number goes up to five to 10 per thousand workers, the researchers found. Detroit was the commuting zone with the highest exposure to robots.

Overall, robots have a mixed effect: replacing jobs that relatively high-wage manufacturing employees used to perform, while also making firms more efficient and more productive, Acemoglu said. Some areas are most affected by the mixed impact of robots. "In the U.S., especially in the industrial heartland, we find that the displacement effect is large," he said. "When those jobs disappear, those workers go and take other jobs from lower wage workers. It has a negative effect, and demand goes down for some of the retail jobs and other service jobs."

Acemoglu and Restrepo emphasize that looking at the future effect of robots includes a great deal of uncertainty, and it is possible the impact on employment and wages could change when robots become more widespread. Industries adopting more robots over the last few decades could have experienced other factors, like declining demand or international competition, and commuting zones could be affected by other negative shocks.

But the researchers said their paper is the first step in exploring the implications of automation, which will become increasingly widespread. There are relatively few robots in the U.S. economy today and the economic impacts could be just beginning.

Robotic technology is expected to keep expanding, with an aggressive scenario predicting that robots will quadruple worldwide by 2025. This would mean 5.25 more robots per thousand workers in the U.S., and by the researchers' estimate, a 1 percentage point lower employment-to-population ratio, and 2% lower wage growth between 2015 and 2025. In a more conservative scenario, the stock of robots could increase slightly less than threefold, leading to a 0.6 percentage point decline in the employment-to-population ratio and 1% lower wage growth.

The economic crisis spurred by the COVID-19 pandemic will further exacerbate the good and bad impacts of robots and technology, Acemoglu said. "The good because we are really dependent on digital technologies. If we didn't have these advanced digital technologies, we wouldn't be able to use Zoom or other things for teaching and teleconferencing. We would not be able to keep factories going in many areas because workers haven't fully gotten back to work," he said. "But at the same time, by the same token, this increases the demand for automation. If the automation process was going too far or had some negative effects, as we find, then those are going to get multiplied as well. So we need to take those into account."
Read "Robots and Jobs: Evidence from U.S. Labor Markets"

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A new study measures the actual impact of robots on jobs. It's significant. | MIT Sloan

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Industrial robots do reduce jobs and wages - especially for workers in the automotive industry and certain parts of the country.

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Wayne F. Cascio and Ramiro Montealerge. (March 2016 ). How technology is changing work and organizations?

I chose this article review as it offers three key contributions, firstly it offers current knowledge regarding the role of technology especially communication technology and how it effects and changes some organizations and the work process related. Secondly it outlines the focus and direction of the current research on technology and work organizations. Lastly it shows the implications for broader research that extends beyond the study of technology and work done in organizations.

It also provides good examples of computers and how they affect the flexibility of employees on where they work from and how they can collaborate and work with people they never met remotely from anywhere.

This article highlights a few of the advantages that technology and robotics provide to workers and a better experience for the organizations that employ them. A few of these benefits include the ability that a firm can keep an eye on ‘Product, sales, and customer information can be monitored in real time, 24 hours a day, so that inventory can be supplemented in a timely manner to maintain freshness or to provide additional products and services.’ This implies and guarantees that clients receive the best experience possible. Although these benefits of technology are great there are drawbacks for businesses as well. For example, it can be difficult and expensive for employees to change their skill set or update it to stay up with the technological change around, on the plus side this means entrepreneurs can take advantage of new opportunities presented by emerging technologies of a job recovery. This article is current and offers detailed relevant to today’s date and the changes happening. It is also relevant as it attempts to interpret the purpose of current research on the effects of technology on work and organizations.

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Kristopher J. Thomas (May 2014)

Arthur M. A. (2003). Share price reactions to work–family initiatives: An institutional perspective. Academy of Management Review, 48, 497-505.

I chose his article because it discusses the advances in technology and how its increasing the ways that employees use it in their personal life or their work, this suggests that they can work anytime anywhere which means that they have full flexibility in their work and personal life however as well as these advantages  this articles doesn’t  specify certain technologies or robotics, and although virtual human resources development has useful efficiencies and may increase the opportunities for learning the purpose of 24/7 learning can have a negative impact on work-life balance for employees.

The primary goal for this article is to explain the ways in which workplace technology and work-life balance come into place and bond together to create and impact to the workers life.  In conclusion this journal article shows and illustrates the boundaries these different fields and suggests that HRD experts involve concerns and thoughts for work-life balance into their work whilst implementing and creating virtual learning environments or developing workplace regulations and technology to fit in the changes

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Huffman, Kathleen E.  The College of St. Scholastica ProQuest

Dissertations ( 2011). 1506385.

This article discusses the influence technology has on workplace is significant with all the development, technology can affect almost every aspect of businesses communication whether between employees or customers, or even with productivity of companies outside the company for labour materials. This article also shows how emailing and other communication methods has affected workplace and it workers, emailing has become

of the major ways computers are used in the work environment. Emails are a communication way that define as person-to-person communication that takes place between computers and not physical communication in real life.

It also talks about the overall impact technology has increased the amount of communications that takes place in the workplace day by day as well as it makes it easier for all effort of communication  between companies, employees and clients to be done, this source also emphasise the different sources and ways of communications that’s available to achieve an effective way of communication between professionals in the workplace and also educated them to make sure they stay up to date with all the technological change around them. In conclusion this source illustrates many of the advantages technology has brought to the workplace and employees and how it had a massive positive way that made communication between international organizations achievable and easier giving entrepreneurs and stakeholders opportunities to expand and go internationally.