# data[].attributes.body
Health to me is a condition of complete well-being that includes social, mental, and physical aspects. It is a positive state of energy, balance, and quality of life rather than merely the absence of disease. I feel really better when I am mentally relax, and I also see the people who are healthy are mentally relaxed.

# data[].attributes.body
For ages, Islamic calligraphy has captivated people's hearts and minds, and Pakistan is a wonderful centre for this exquisite art. Islamic calligraphy has produced a wealth of sophisticated designs and masterpieces as a result of the union of culture, faith, and aesthetic expression. This blog post will go into the fascinating world of Islamic calligraphy in Pakistan, examining its significance, history, and the creators who uphold this age-old practise.
Islamic calligraphy's main objective is to make religious settings and writings more visually appealing in order to strengthen the spiritual connection.

# data[].attributes.body
Sama, also known as sufi music, is the musical manifestation of sufism, an Islamic mysticism that aims to establish a close and direct relationship with the divine. The essence of Sufi music is its capacity to induce a contemplative state in its listeners, enabling them to communicate with the holy and encounter transcendence.
Sufi music is often associated with the Whirling Dervishes, also known as the Mevlevi Order. Their ceremonial dance symbolises the path towards enlightenment and heavenly love.
Qawwali is also a passionate and dramatic expression of devotion that is maybe the most well-known Sufi music in Pakistan. It is often backed by harmonium, tabla, and the strong voice of the main Qawwal.

# data[].attributes.body
Unani Tibb, also known as Greco-Arabic medicine, is a traditional system of medicine widely practiced in Pakistan. It is based on the teachings of ancient Greek physicians like Hippocrates and Galen and includes elements of Ayurvedic and Persian medicine. Unani Tibb utilizes natural remedies, dietary guidelines, and the concept of balancing the body's humors to promote health and well-being. It is officially recognized by the Pakistan Medical and Dental Council (PMDC).

# data[].attributes.body
As a devoted nurse, I go above and beyond the call of duty to deliver the best calibre of care. It includes a steadfast commitment to comprehending and honouring the many cultural and racial origins of the people I care for. Today, I want to discuss Domain 7: Professional Practise from the "Culturally Responsive Clinical Practise: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds" competency standards framework for clinicians and how I try to implement one of the competency standards from this domain in my nursing practise.
I take the time to grasp the cultural norms, beliefs, and values of my patients as I actively listen to their tales. Even if their experiences differ from mine, I provide a safe environment for them to share them by posing open-ended questions and listening.

# data[].attributes.headline
Principle health issues that refugees face

# data[].attributes.subject
Principle health issues that refugees face

# data[].attributes.body
Sri Lanka, officially known as the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island nation located in South Asia in the Indian Ocean. Due to the protracted civil war in Sri Lanka, Sri Lankans sought asylum in Australia. The Sri Lankan Civil War, which raged for over 30 years until 2009, caused massive displacement, violations of human rights, and brutality, mainly in the northern and eastern parts of the island nation. Due to how the fighting was affecting their safety and well-being, many Sri Lankans evacuated. And seek refugee in Australia.
Health issues that refugees in Australia frequently have:

1: Malaria
Malaria, an infectious disease spread by mosquitoes, is endemic in various regions of Sri Lanka. Arriving refugees from regions with a high malaria prevalence may already have the disease or be at risk of getting it.
Treatment and Prevention:
Prompt diagnosis and administration of antimalarial drugs are crucial for those who have already contracted malaria. Refugees may be given prophylactic antimalarial drugs and instruction on avoiding mosquito bites, such as the use of bed nets and insect repellents, as a preventative measure.

2: Mental Health
Health Concern: People fleeing conflict-ridden, violent, or uprooted areas, like Sri Lanka, may experience mental health problems such post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, depression, and other trauma-related conditions frequently.
Support and treatment are essential for mental health. Refugees may gain from counselling, therapy, and support groups that are culturally sensitive. Mental health disorders can be effectively treated with psychological therapies including Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT).

3: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HIV is a virus that anyone may contract, even migrants. The prevalence of the virus in the refugee's place of origin is one of many variables that may have an impact on their risk of contracting HIV.
Treatment and Prevention:
It's important to diagnose HIV early on through testing. If someone is found to have HIV, they can get antiretroviral medication (ART) to treat the virus. Another crucial aspect of prevention is access to HIV education and safe sexual practises.

James, P., Komesaroff, P., & Sundram, S. (2013, June 9). After the war: why Sri Lankan refugees continue to come to Australia. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/after-the-war-why-sri-lankan-refugees-continue-to-come-to-australia-14638#:~:text=After%20the%20war%3A%20why%20Sri%20Lankan%20refugees%20continue

# data[].attributes.body
Australia, which is renowned for its vibrant multiculturalism, is a welcoming country for immigrants and refugees. However, social determinants, a problem acknowledged by the World Health Organisation (WHO), can have a significant impact on the health and well-being of these newcomers. In this article, we will investigate three important social determinants, including housing, education, and income and social protection, and analyse how they are intricately linked to the health of immigrants and refugees in Australia. We will also contrast the views of the world and Australia on these determinants.
Income and social security:

The world's perspective
Health inequalities are made worse in many nations by wealth gaps and a lack of social protection, which restrict access to healthcare for migrants and refugees.

The goal of income support programmes in Australia, which include social security benefits, is to reduce economic inequalities among refugees and migrants.
2. Education

World perspective:
For migrants and refugees worldwide, a prevalent problem is a lack of access to high-quality education. Health outcomes suffer as a result of this impeding health literacy and well-informed decision-making.

Viewed from Australia:
For migrant and refugee children, Australia provides free public education and support services. Language learning, promoting fair access to school, and enhancing health literacy are all supported by culturally sensitive tools.

3. Housing:

Worldwide perspective:
Migrants and refugees in different nations face health concerns due to inadequate housing, dangerous living conditions, and housing discrimination. These disorders could result in respiratory troubles, mental health issues, and exposure to dangers.

Australian Viewpoint:
In order to ensure that refugees and migrants have access to safe and affordable accommodation, Australia offers housing help. Well-being is improved by programmes that fight prejudice in housing and advance ethical conduct.

World Health Organization. (2023). Social determinants of health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1
HealthManagement.org. (2019, September 12). Radiology management, ICU management, healthcare IT, cardiology management, executive management. HealthManagement. https://healthmanagement.org/c/women/news/congenital-heart-disease-and-social-determinants-of-health

# data[].attributes.body
An fragrant stew from the Indian subcontinent, nihari is especially well-liked in Pakistan. The dish is typically eaten for special occasions or as part of breakfast. In addition to having succulent bits of meat cooked in a savoury gravy, nihari is renowned for its rich and varied flavours.

Nihari recipe from Pakistan:

An easy recipe for beef Nihari is provided below:

Ingredients:

500 grammes of whole-boned beef
2 big, sliced onions
3–4 minced garlic cloves
a minced 2-inch piece of ginger
2 to 3 sliced green chiles
2 chopped tomatoes
1/2 cup of clarified butter (ghee) or oil
2 tablespoons of wheat flour (to thicken)
1-tablespoon turmeric powder
2 teaspoons of curry powder
1 teaspoon red chilli powder, tasted,
Garam masala, 1 teaspoon
1 teaspoon cumin seeds
Salt as desired
Recipe:
Heat the ghee or oil in a large pot over a medium heat. Give the cumin seeds a little bit of a stir.

Once the onions are added, sauté them until they are golden brown. The duration of this is 10 to 12 minutes.

Ginger and garlic are added, and they are cooked for a few more minutes until the raw smell is gone.

Salt, red chilli powder, turmeric, and coriander powder should be added. Give it a good stir.

The meat pieces should be added and cooked until browned.

Cook the diced tomatoes after adding them until they soften and the oil begins to separate.

A couple hours over low heat simmering the meat after adding enough water to cover it. The development of the rich flavours in Nihari depends on this slow cooking technique.

Nutritional Information (Approximate) Per Serving:

Calories: 400-450 kcal

Protein: 20-25g

Carbohydrates: 10-15g

Fat: 30-35g

Fiber: 2-4g

Sodium: 400-500mg

The nutritional content of Nihari can vary based on the specific recipe and serving size. This is a rough estimate of a typical serving of beef Nihari.

Begum, R. (2022, April 26). Nihari (beef shank stew). The Delicious Crescent. https://www.thedeliciouscrescent.com/nihari-beef-stew/