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Epigenetics (sometimes also called epigenomics) is a field of study focused on DNA changes that do not involve alterations to the underlying sequence. DNA letters and proteins that interact with DNA can have chemical modifications that change the level at which genes are turned on and off. Certain epigenetic modifications can be transmitted from the progenitor cell to the daughter cell during cell division or from one generation to the next. The set of all epigenetic changes in a genome is called the epigenome.

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In humans, the environmental factors that can affect the epigenetic state during adulthood can be divided into four groups: diet, place of residence and/or place of work, pharmacological treatments and unhealthy habits.

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How does genetics differ from epigenetics?

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How does genetics differ from epigenetics?

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Genetics is the branch of biology that studies hereditary traits that are transmitted from generation to generation. A person's appearance (height, hair color, eye color...) is determined by genes.

Also the probability of contracting certain diseases, mental abilities and natural talents are included in the genes. These genes are not changed.

The genotype is the genetic information that we possess, while the phenotype is the clinical expression of that gene and there we can act.

Epigenetics refers to all the processes that modify the expression of genes, without altering their sequence.

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One way that illustrates the comparison between genetics and epigenetics:
The difference between genetics and epigenetics can probably be compared to the difference between writing and reading a book. Once the book has been written, the text (the genes or information stored in the DNA) will be the same in all copies distributed to readers. However, each reader might interpret the story of the book in a slightly different way, with their different emotions and projections that may change as the chapters unfold. In much the same way, epigenetics would allow different interpretations of a fixed template (the book or genetic code) and would result in different readings, depending on the varying conditions under which the template is interpreted.

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Epigenetics has a clear impact on the health of the individual, on the health of the offspring and on the evolution of the human species. Key words: epigenetic processes, DNA methylation, histones, biological evolution.