# data[].attributes.headline
Explained the role of modifications to the surface of cells.

# data[].attributes.subject
Explained the role of modifications to the surface of cells.

# data[].attributes.body
Epithelial cells- can connect to one another via their lateral membranes to form the epithelial sheets that line the cavities & surfaces throughout the animal body.

The apical surface-  is the upper free surface exposed to the body exterior or the cavity of an internal organ, the structural modifications in the apical domain include: microvilli, cilia, flagella

The structural modifications in the basal domain include basal infoldings, the basement membrane, and cell-to-matrix junction.

# data[].attributes.headline
Contrasted the active transport of large and small substances into a cell.

# data[].attributes.subject
Contrasted the active transport of large and small substances into a cell.

# data[].attributes.body
Active Transport of Small substances

Requires energy

may pass more easily or by itself

Active Transport of Large substances

requires energy

often needs to bind or enter the cell with other substances

May need two enzymes to break down the substance until it is smaller

diffuses in water

requires more energy

# data[].attributes.headline
Compared the energy requirements of passive and active transport.

# data[].attributes.subject
Compared the energy requirements of passive and active transport.

# data[].attributes.body
passive transport=no energy needed/used
Active transport=energy needed/used

# data[].attributes.headline
Explained how active transport moves substances across a membrane.

# data[].attributes.subject
Explained how active transport moves substances across a membrane.

# data[].attributes.body
The movement of a dissolved molecule(s) through the cell membrane from a lower concentration area to a higher area concentration (moving against the gradient) using energy

# data[].attributes.headline
Differentiated between hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions for animal and plant cells.

# data[].attributes.subject
Differentiated between hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic solutions for animal and plant cells.

# data[].attributes.body
Hypertonic-

higher solute concentration on outside of cell

water moves out of the cell

cell will shrivel and shrink

Isotonic

Water freely moves between both

same amount of solute inside and outside the cell

Hypotonic
Higher solute concentration inside cell
water will move into cell
cell will swell and eventually rupture

# data[].attributes.headline
Compared and contrasted diffusion and osmosis across a membrane.

# data[].attributes.subject
Compared and contrasted diffusion and osmosis across a membrane.

# data[].attributes.body
Diffusion is the passive transport and movement of a substance through a semi permeable membrane.
Osmosis is the transport and movement of water through a selective permeable membrane.

# data[].attributes.headline
Distinguished between the different structural components of membranes and the types of particles that can pass through the cell membrane.

# data[].attributes.subject
Distinguished between the different structural components of membranes and the types of particles that can pass through the cell membrane.

# data[].attributes.body
channel: contains a passage

recognition: contains carbohydrate chain

transport: uses energy to move substances

receptor: recognizes and binds signal molecules

enzymatic: metabolizes chemical reactions

junction: connect cells together

# data[].attributes.headline
Compared and contrasted the organelles in plant and animal cells.

# data[].attributes.subject
Compared and contrasted the organelles in plant and animal cells.

# data[].attributes.body
Plants and Animals have a lot of the same cell organelles. The main difference is that plant cells have a cell wall

# data[].attributes.headline
Applied the endosymbiotic theory to eukaryotic cell structure.

# data[].attributes.subject
Applied the endosymbiotic theory to eukaryotic cell structure.

# data[].attributes.body
the endosymbiotic theory states that some of the organelles in eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic microbes.

# data[].attributes.headline
Identified and described the fundamental components of a bacterial cell.

# data[].attributes.subject
Identified and described the fundamental components of a bacterial cell.

# data[].attributes.body
Key components of a bacterial cell
Cell wall
ribosome
pilus
capsule
cell wall
flagellum
nucleoid
cell membrane

# data[].attributes.headline
Identify and describe the fundamental components of a eukaryotic cell.

# data[].attributes.subject
Identify and describe the fundamental components of a eukaryotic cell.

# data[].attributes.body
fundamental components of a eukaryotic cell

Membrane bound nucleus

numerous bound organelles

1.  ex) Endoplasmic reticulum

2.  Golgi apparatus

3.  chloroplasts

4.  mitochondria

# data[].attributes.headline
Examen the evolutionary relatedness of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaeans.

# data[].attributes.subject
Examen the evolutionary relatedness of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and archaeans.

# data[].attributes.body
prokaryotes-lack membrane bound nucleus
eukaryotes-have a membrane bound nucleus
Archeans possess qualities of both, but are genetically different

# data[].attributes.headline
Why are cells the most basic unit of life and the tenants of cell theory?

# data[].attributes.subject
Why are cells the most basic unit of life and the tenants of cell theory?

# data[].attributes.body
It is the smallest unit of matter that can adapt and respond to stimuli that you don't see in smaller units of matter.
Cell theory states that

cells are the basic unit of life.

all cells come from preexisting cells.

# data[].attributes.headline
What are investigated chemical reagents used to verify the presence of macromolecules.

# data[].attributes.subject
What are investigated chemical reagents used to verify the presence of macromolecules.

# data[].attributes.body
Benedicts reagent-glucose
Lugol's test- complex carbohydrates
Biuret Reagent-Testing for proteins
Sudan IV-Testing for lipids (fats and oils)

# data[].attributes.headline
what are the chemical and physical properties of macromolecules found in living things.

# data[].attributes.subject
what are the chemical and physical properties of macromolecules found in living things.

# data[].attributes.body
Carbohydrates

Quick energy

sugar glucose

lipids

fats

oils

waxes

store high/long term energy

proteins

structure

muscle

hormones and enzymes

nucleic acids

Genetic information for proteins

dna and rna

# data[].attributes.headline
What is an isotope and how is it identified.

# data[].attributes.subject
What is an isotope and how is it identified.

# data[].attributes.body
An Isotope is when there is an equal number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons.

Isotopes can be identified by the atomic mass of an atom.

# data[].attributes.headline
Differentiated differences of a molecule and a compound 

# data[].attributes.subject
Differentiated differences of a molecule and a compound 

# data[].attributes.body
A molecule is one pure substance consisting of one element.

A compound is multiple different substances/Molecules coming together to make something else.

# data[].attributes.headline
What makes an atomic number and the atomic mass?

# data[].attributes.subject
What makes an atomic number and the atomic mass?

# data[].attributes.body
The atomic number is decided by the number of protons that are inside the nucleus of the atom.

The atomic mass is decided by the number of protons and neutrons in the atom.

# data[].attributes.headline
Proper laboratory procedures for safety, chemicals, equipment, and materials in a lab setting.

# data[].attributes.subject
Proper laboratory procedures for safety, chemicals, equipment, and materials in a lab setting.

# data[].attributes.body
All skin must be covered
closed toed shoes
no baggy clothing
long hair must be put up
safety measures/guidelines are to be followed for each specific lab
wash hands after wards

# data[].attributes.headline
What makes a good "hypothesis" statement.

# data[].attributes.subject
What makes a good "hypothesis" statement.

# data[].attributes.body
attributes of a good hypothesis are

Testability

Clarity

Relativity to problem

specific

relevant to techniques or process

# data[].attributes.headline
Investigated methods and limitations of science. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Investigated methods and limitations of science. 

# data[].attributes.body
Scientific method
the limitations are that your hypothesis must be testable.

# data[].attributes.body
Qualitative

Interpretation based

is descriptive

is related to language

Less vaible

Quantitative

Is based off numbers and measurments

not as descriptive

Is viable and consistent

# data[].attributes.headline
Differences between Dependent, Independent, and Controlled variables.

# data[].attributes.subject
Differences between Dependent, Independent, and Controlled variables.

# data[].attributes.body
Independent Variables-

is added in and is expected to influence the dependent variable

Dependent Variables-

Is what happens as a result of the independent variable

Controlled Variable-

Is set up to not have any change to is and is the base model for comparisons

# data[].attributes.body
1) Make an Observation or Observations
2) Form a Hypothesis and make predictions
3) Test the Hypothesis and predictions
4) Analyze the data and draw/ state a conclusion

# data[].attributes.body
Scientific Law

Will always happen.

has no exceptions or outliers.

Scienific theory

Is an idea of what something may be

can not be proven to happen every time

May have outliers