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AFFERMATIVE      NEGATIVE
FORM:                    FORM:
M:
I am                      I am not
You are                You are not
He is                     He is not
She is                   She is not
It is                        It is not
We are                 We are not
You are                 You are not
They are               They are not

FORMA                  FORMA
CONTRATTA:        CONTRATTA:
I'm                            I'm not
You're                      You're not
He's                          He's not
She's                       She's not
It's                             It's not
We're                      We're not
You're                    You're not
They're                 They're not

INTERROGATIVE FORM:
Am I....
Are you...
Is he....
Is she....
Is it....
Are we...
Are you...
Are they...

AFFERMATIVE  ANSWERS:

Yes, I am
Yes,you are
Yes, he is
Yes,she is
Yes,it is
Yes,we are
Yes, you are
Yes,you are

NEGATIVE  ANSWERS:
No,I'm not
No,you aren't
No,he isn't
No,she isn't
No,it isn't
No,we aren't
No,you aren't
No,they aren't

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Grandmother-grandfather-mother- father-uncle-aunt-
brother-sister-cousin-cousin-stepmum-stepdad-stepbrother-stepsister-daugther-grandson-son-wife-
husband-granddaugther-nephew-niece

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big-small-old-new-right-wrong-cold-hot-easy-hard

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Canada       Canadian
Italy              Italian
Poland          Polish
Colombia     Colombian
Brazil          Brazilian
USA            American
Mexico        Mexican
Australia        Australian
Japan             Japanese
China             Chinese
Spain              Spanish
Argentina        Argentinian
India                Indian
UK                   British
Greece              Greek

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UNIT 5

DAILY ROUTINES

Do my homework= fare i compiti
Get up= svegliarsi/alzarsi
Go home= andare a casa
Go to school=andare a scuola
Have breakfast= fare colazione
Have classe= fare le lezioni
Have dinner= cenare
Have lunch=  pranzare
Have a shower= fare una doccia

CHORE

Cleen my room= pulire la mia stanza
Clear the table= pulire il tavolo
Dry the dishes= asciugare i piatti
Help with the cooking= aiutare a cucinare
Make my bed= fare il letto
Put away my clothes= metti via i miei vestiti
Take out the rubbish= buttare la spazzatura
Wash up= lavare/arsi

EXSTENSION: CHORES
Empty the dishwater= svuotare la lavastoviglie
Load the dishwater= caricare la lavastoviglie
Mop the floor= lavare il pavimento
Tidy the room= rassettare la camera

REAL ENGLISH
I'm stressed out= sono stressato/a
I promise= giuro/ lo prometto/ prometto
Me too= anch'io
The problem is...= il problema è...
What can I say?= Cosa posso dire?
What's ... like?= Cosa ti piace?

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HALLOWEEN is the night before All Saints' Day.
On HALLOWEEN, children wear costume and they
often look like witches and ghosts.
Children go to their neighbours' houses and they say,
'Trick or Treat?'  The neighbours give the children
a 'treat', usually sweets. Some people put Jack o' lanterns
in their windows. These are pumpkins with candles.
They've usually got scary faces!

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Si usa SOME prima di un sostantivo plurale in frasi
affermative.

Si usa ANY prima di un sostantivo plurale in frasi negative e Interrogative

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Con il possessive case si traduce in inglese possesso
uguale o una relazione tra due persone.
Se il possessore è più di una persona 's si applica solo
all'ultima persona.
Se il possessore è un nome plurale irregolare si
aggiunge solo ' .

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Il verbo CAN ha due significati:
Can=abilità (saper fare) = I can swim
Can=possibilità (potere) = Can I go to the party?

Ha 3 forme:
AFFERMATIVA:
Soggetto+can+verbo
NEGATIVA:
Soggetto+cannot(can't)+verbo+...
INTERROGATIVA:
Can+soggetto+ verbo+...

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Paint-dive-cook-can-like-play-sing-speak-swim-
climb-draw-dance-ride-bake-run-meet

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AFFERMATIVE FORM
SHORT FORM
I've got
You've got
He/she/it's has got
We've got
You've got
They've got
LONG FORM
I have got
You have got
He/she/it has got
We have got
You have got
They have got

NEGATIVE FORM
SHORT FORM
I haven't got
You haven't got
He/She/It hasn't got
We haven't got
You haven't got
They haven't got
LONG FORM
I have not got
You have not got
He/She/It has not got
We have not got
You have not got
They have not got

INTERROGATIVE FORM
Have I got...?
Have you got...?
Has he/she/it got...?
Have we got...?
Have you got...?
Have they got...?

SHORT ANSWERS
AFFERMATIVE
Yes, I have.
Yes, you have.
Yes, he/she/it.
Yes, we have.
Yes, you have.
Yes, they have.

NEGATIVE ANSWERS
No, I haven't.
No, you haven't.
No, he/she/it hasn't.
No, we haven't.
No, you haven't.
No, they haven't.

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Christmas Day  is an important festival for Christians,
but mano other people allo celebrate it.
On Christmas  Eve, the night before Christmas,
children think that Father Christmas (or 'Santa') visits
homes and leaves presents.
On the morning of Christmas Day, the children open their
presents. In the afternoon, there's a tradizional
Christmas dinner, with turkey, roast potatoes, and
vegetables.

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PRESENT SIMPLE
AFFERMATIVE FORM
LA MAGGIOR PARTE DEI VERBI
La forma affermativa del PRESENT SIMPLE è la stessa dell'infinito senza TO per I, you, we,they.
Per formare la forma affermativa della terza
persona singolare si aggiunge  -s alla maggior parte dei verbi.

VARIAZIONI ORTOGRAFICHE
Nei i verbi che terminano in consonante+y, si sostituisce
la y con -ies.
Nei verbi che terminano in -o, - ch, -sh, -s e -x, si aggiunge -es

NEGATIVE FORM

Soggetto+don't(do not)/doesn't(does not)+BF(base form)

INTERROGATIVE FORM
Do/does+soggetto+infinito senza TO

Si usa la forma interrogativa del Present Simple per fare domande su routine e abitudini.
Si usa anche per fare domande su dati di fatto,situazioni che in genere sono vere.

RISPOSTE BREVI
Yes,+subject pronoun+do/does
No,+subject pronous+don't/doesn't

Nelle risposte brevi si usa solo do/don't/does/doesn't.
Non si ripete il verbo principale.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Si usa il Present Continuous per parlare di azioni che si verificano nel momento o nel periodo in cui si parla.
Si usa il Present Continuous anche per parlare di situazioni temporanee.

Il Present Continuous ha 3 forme:
AFFERMATIVE FORM : Subject + am/is/are + verbo alla -ing form + .....
NEGATIVE FORM : Subject + am/is/are + not + verbo alla -ing form + .....
INTERROGATIVE FORM: Am/is/are + Subject + -ing form + .....?
SHORT ANSWERS :
Yes, + subject pronoun + am/is/are
No, + subject pronoun + 'm not/aren't/isn't

VARIAZIONI ORTOGRAFICHE
La forma in -ing nei verbi si ottiene aggiungendo -ing.
Catch - Catching
Ci sono anche delle variazioni ortografiche:
Ride - Riding
Run - Running

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UNIT 6

GOOD AND BAD HABITS
be late= essere in ritardo
be on time= essere in tempo
do exercise= fare gli esercizi
drink soft drinks= bere bevande leggere
eat fast food= mangiare cibo veloce
eat healthy food= mangiare cibo salutare
go to bed late= andare a letto tardi
go to bed early= andare a letto presto
study for tests= studiare per le verifiche
watch TV all evenings= guardare la TV tutte le sere

FOOD AND DRINKS
beans= piselli
bread= pane
cheese= formaggio
fish= pesce
fruit= frutta
juice= succo
meat= carne
milk= latte
pasta= pasta
rice= riso
vegetables= verdure
water= acqua

EXTENSION:FOOD
butter= burro
cream= crema
honey= miele
pepper= pepe
salt= sale
sugar= zucchero

REAL ENGLISH
At last,...= infine
Here you go.= ecco qui
I don't know= non lo so
I mean,...= cioè/voglio dire
you can't be bothered= non puoi essere disturbato

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Con il PRESENT SIMPLE si usano le espressioni di tempo
con le preposizioni AT, IN e ON per dire quando si fa una cosa.

Le preposizioni AT/IN/ON seguite da espressioni di tempo
si possono collocare all'inizio o alla fine di una frase.

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UNIT 7

DESCRIBING PEOPLE
blond= biondo
curly= riccio/a
dark= scuro
eye= occhio
glasses= occhiali
height= altezza
long= lungo
short= piccolo/corto
straight= dritto
style= stile
tall= alto

CLOTHES
boots= stivali
cap= berretto
dress= vestito
jacket= giacca
jeans= jeans
shirt= camicia
shoes= scarpe
shorts= pantaloncini
skirt= gonna
trainers= scarpe da ginnastica
trousers= pantaloni
T-shirt= maglia/etta

EXTENSION:CHORES
coat= cappotto/giubbino
gloves= guanti
hat= cappello
jumper= giacca
raincoat= impermeabile
scarf= sciarpa

REAL ENGLISH
Go for it!= Fallo!
It's no use!= È inutile!
It's OK, mate.= Va bene, amico.
Let's take a break= facciamo una pausa.
Tell me about it.= Parlamene.

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Hello! Welcome to our St. Patrick's Day parade!
We have lots of fun on St. Patrick's Day.

St. Patrick's was born in Britain. His family was very rich.
When St. Patrick was 16 years old, something terribile happened. A group of pirates attacked St. Patrick'  home.
Then they kidnapped the young man and took him to Ireland. The pirates sold St. Patrick as a slave.
St. Patrick spent six years as a slave. He worked as a shepherd. Being for away from his familiare made St. Patrick feeling sad and lonely. But St. Patrick prayed every day. His faith grew stronger and stronger.
One day, St. Patrick heard a voice telling him to run away.
So St. Patrick listened to the voice. He escaped and
went to France. In France, St. Patrick became a priest.
When St. Patrick was about sixty years old, he returned to Ireland. He wanted to tell the Irish about his faith.
Almost everybody loved Patrick. He carried a shamrock with him. A shamrock is a three-leaf clover. He used that to teach people about God. According to legend, St. Patrick drove out all the snakes in Ireland. Snakes were a symbol of evil. He wanted to remove all evil from Ireland.
When St. Patrick died, the people of Ireland were very sad. They decided to honor his death.
That's how St. Patrick's Day began.
Can you guess why we are all wearing green?
Green is the color of the spring! Since St. Patrick died in the spring, we wear green to show that we honor him.
A four-leaf clover, that's a sign of good luck!
On St. Patrick's Day, it is good luck to find a four-leaf clover. As for me, I'm a leprechaun.

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SPORTS
Atlethics= atletica
Baseball= Baseball
Basketball= Basket
Cycling= ciclismo
Gymnastics= ginnastica
Jogging= corsa
Karate= karate
Sailing= navigazione
Skating= pattinaggio
Snowboarding= snowboard
Surfing= surf
Volleyball= pallavolo

SPORTS VERBS
Catch= prendere
Hit= colpire
Kick= calciare
Lose= perdere
Score= segnare
Shoot= tirare
Throw= gettare
Win= vincere

EXTENSION: SPORTS NOUNS
Court=
Fan= fan
Goal= goal
Net= rete
Pitch= pece
Player= giocatore
Racket= racchetta
Team= squadra

REAL ENGLISH
Good Luck!= Buona fortuna!
How are you?= Come stai?
I can't believe it!= Non posso farlo!
Let's go!= Andiamo!
Surprise!= sorpresa!
What's going on?= Cosa sta succedendo?

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Affermativo singolare: THERE IS
Affermativo plurale: THERE ARE SOME
Negativo singolare:THERE ISN'T
Negativo plurale:THERE AREN'T
Interrogativo singolare:IS THERE.....
Interrogativo plurale:ARE THERE ANY.....
Risposte brevi singolare:YES,THERE IS
NO,THERE ISN'T
Risposte brevi plurale:YES,THERE ARE
NO, THERE AREN'T

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Si usano gli avverbi di modo per descrivere i verbi. Ci sono vari tipi di avverbi. Si usano gli avverbi di modo per dire come viene fatta un azione.

Gli avverbi regolari si formano aggiungendo -ly all'aggettivo.
REGULAR ADVERBS
AGGETTIVO                  AVVERBI
Slow                                Slowly
Careful                            Carefully
Easy                                 Easily
Negli aggettivi che terminano in consonante + -y, si sostituisce la -y con -ily.

Gli avverbi irregolari non terminano in -ly. Hanno la stessa forma dell'aggettivo corrispondente. C'è solo un avverbio che cambia completamente: l'avverbio di GOOD, che è WELL.
AGGETTIVI                          AVVERBI
Good                                    Well
Early                                     Early
Late                                      Late
Hard                                     Hard

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In the UK, we celebrate Easter during Spring. It is a joiful time where people celebrate the rebirth of Jesus. At Easter, Christian  go to church and sing religious songs called "hymns". It is also a time where people stare chocolate eggs - called " Easter Eggs" - and give them to children.

HOT CROSS BUNS
A hot cross bun is a piece of spiced bun which contains raisins and has a cross on the top of it. It is a traditionally eaten during Easter. Some English people toast it and then spread butter on it. It is very tasty and sweet.

EASTER EGGS AND THE EASTER BUNNY
Easter Eggs are a popular item during Easter, especially for children. These are chocolate eggs that are often given and eaten.  Some children in the UK believe that the Easter Bunny brings along chocolate eggs for them.
A "Bunny" is another name for a cute and small rabbi There is usually a game where children hunt for these chocolate eggs in their garden and put them in a small bag for them to eat later - this is called the Easter Eggs Hunt!

EASTER FLOWERS
During Easter in the UK, some people buy very colurful flowers to decorate their home. These flowers are considered "Easter flowers".

PAINTING EGGS
The decorating of coloured eggs is also a very popular activity during Easter. Usually chicken eggs are hard  boiled and painted. These are often used in Easter eggs.
The egg come out looking fantastic and magical and add a sense of fun to this springtime holiday.

Easter is a big celebrazioni the UK and is very much part of UK culture with children being given lots of Easter eggs, hunting for sweets left by the Easter bunny and attending church services on the Easter weekend. You will have a chance to buy some Easter eggs in various supermarkets and shopping.