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To talk about

Habits

Repeated actions, daily routines

States

Truths/facts

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To talk about

Actions happening now

Temporary situations

Events in progress (but not at the time of speaking)

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Hairstyle:

Bald

Curly

Straight

Long

Short

Stature:

Thin

Skinny

Overweight

Clothes:

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friendly

generous

extroverted

clever

kind

vs.

unfriendly

selfish

shy

stupid

unkind

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__________ photos

____________ money/time

________ souvenirs

________ flights online (or hotels/rooms)

____________ on the beach

__________ in hotels/motels/hostels

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Year

Month

Era

Seasons

Cities/countries

Buildings

Closed spaces

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Date

Days (also different times of a day)

Special occasions/holidays

Things that you can literally stand ON (e.g. an island)

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school, work

Exact point in journey

Time

At night

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TO BE:

I + am + Adj/N

He/she/it + is (not) + Adj/N

You/we/they + are (not) + Adj/N

VERB:

I/you/we/they + do not + V bare

He/she/it + (does not) + V bare or Vs/es

Questions:

Yes/no:

Am/is/are+ S + Adj/N?

Do/does + S + V bare?

Wh- question:

Wh - am/is/are + S + Adj/N?

Wh - do/does + S + V bare?

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(+)

I + am + V-ing

You/we/they + are+ V-ing + (O)

He/she/it + is+ V-ing

(-)

S + am/is/are + V-ing + (O)

(?)

Yes/no questions: Am/is/are + S + V-ing + (O)

Wh- questions: Wh- + am/is/are + S + V-ing + (O)

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1. In Monopoly, you _________ around the board, buying houses and hotels. (move) --> move

2. ______ you __________ this programme, or can I turn the TV off? (watch) --> Are you watching...

3. Regular exercise ___________ you to stay healthy. (help) -> helps

4. I _______________ my brother's guitar until I get a new one. (use) --> am using

5. _________ Simon always ______ the washing-up after lunch? (do) --> Does S do...?

6. You _________________ the kite right. Let me show you. (not hold)--> are not holding

7. Dad ____________ to the local astronomy club. (belong)

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To talk about

a finished action in the past (no relation to the present)

a series of actions in the past

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TO BE:

I/he/she/it + was (not) + Adj/N

You/we/they + were (not) + Adj/N

VERB:

S + (did not) V2/ed + (O)

Questions:

Yes/no:

Was/Were + S + Adj/N?

Did + S + V bare?

Wh- question:

Wh - was/were + S + Adj/N?

Wh - did + S + V bare?

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To talk about:

Action happening at a specific time in the past

Interrupted action in the past

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(+)

You/we/they + were + V-ing + (O)

I/he/she/it + was + V-ing

(-)

S + was/were + V-ing + (O)

(?)

Yes/no questions: Was/were + S + V-ing + (O)

Wh- questions: Wh- + was/were + S + V-ing + (O)

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1. She couldn't see him yesterday because she _______________ (not wear) her glasses.

2. I saw the movie but I __________ (not like) it.

3. We _______ to Malta last June. (go)

4. What ___________ you ___________ (do) at 11p.m. yesterday? You didn't answer my call!

5. When I ______ home, my parents were sitting on the sofa. (get)

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Permanent vs. Temporary

Always:

PC: complain

PS: routine

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S + have/has (not) V3/ed

Have/has S + V3/ed?

WH - have/has + V3/ed?

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S + V2/ed

S + did not + Verb

Did + S + V?

WH - did S + V?

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PAST PRESENT PERFECT

WITH SPECIFIC TIME - NO SPECIFIC TIME

FINISHED EVENTS - EVENTS THAT ARE STILL TRUE

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VERB

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S + VERB

VERB

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S + VERB

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NOUN