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this report is part of a series of four guidance reports that the eef has produced on the theme of language and literacy. it focuses on pupils between the ages of 5 and 7 in key stage 1. however

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it may also be applicable to older pupils who have fallen behind their peers

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or younger pupils who are making rapid progress. separate reports cover recommendations for effective approaches for improving literacy in key stage 2 (ages 7-11 years)

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supporting language and literacy development in the early years (ages 3-5 years)

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and improving literacy in secondary schools.  this second edition presents the same recommendations as the first

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explanations and resources to provide direct paths of action from the evidence-based guidance to classroom practice. the recommendations represent 'lever points' where there is useful evidence about language and literacy teaching that schools can use to make a significant difference to pupils' learning.

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Eight recommendations to support the literacy of 5-7 year-olds