# data[].attributes.body
1. Always keep the reagent bottles closed because the alcohols are volatile

2. Wear gloves while handling the Lucas Reagent

# data[].attributes.body
Explain the formation of two layers in the Lucas test.

In the Lucas test, alcohols react with Lucas reagent to form an alkyl chloride through the formation of a carbocation intermediate. The formation of two layers occurs due to the differing reactivity of alcohols: Primary alcohol does not give any results with Lucas reagent because primary carbocation is the least stable.; secondary alcohols react faster, causing a cloudy solution and quicker separation into two layers; tertiary alcohols react almost immediately, producing two layers rapidly. The alkyl chloride product is less soluble in the aqueous phase, causing it to separate as a distinct layer.

Suggest the chemical test to differentiate 1-propanol and 2-propanol. Include chemical equations and observations to support your suggestion.

To differentiate 1-propanol (a primary alcohol) and 2-propanol (a secondary alcohol), the Lucas test is useful.

1-Propanol (Primary alcohol): does not give any results with Lucas reagent because primary carbocation is the least stable.

2-Propanol (Secondary alcohol): Reacts relatively faster, forming a cloudy solution within a minute or two, and two layers will appear.

# data[].attributes.headline
4. What is the positive result for the reaction of alcohol with hot, acidified sodium dichromate?

# data[].attributes.subject
4. What is the positive result for the reaction of alcohol with hot, acidified sodium dichromate?

# data[].attributes.body
Answer :

Orange solution turn to green

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
EXPERIMENT 5 REACTIONS OF HYDROXY COMPOUNDS

# data[].attributes.body
5. The class of Alcohol X is deduced

# data[].attributes.body
1. Alcohol can be classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary.

2. Lucas test and oxidation reaction can be used to differentiate the three classes of alcohol.

3. Reaction with neutral FeCl₃ (ferric chloride) is used as a confirmatory test for phenol.

# data[].attributes.body
1. 5 ml of 0.04 M Na2Cr2O7 solution is placed into 4 separate test tubes

# data[].attributes.body
NUR SABRINA BINTI NOOR KHAZIZI

MS2414111690

# data[].attributes.body
3. 3 drops of 1- butanol, 2- butanol, 2-methyl-2-propanol, and alcohol X is added to each of the mixture accordingly and is heated in a water bath at 70°C - 80°C

# data[].attributes.body
4. The changes in colour is recorded

# data[].attributes.body
1. Approximately 1.0 ml of phenol solution is placed in a test tube

# data[].attributes.body
3. The observation is recorded

(Note: this is carried out in a fume chamber)

# data[].attributes.body
Answer :

Secondary

# data[].attributes.body
3. Stopper is added onto the test tube and test tube is shaken

( Note : If no change occurs within 10 minutes, the test tube is placed in a water bath at 70°C - 80°C )

# data[].attributes.body
Chang, R & Overby, J. (2019). Chemistry (13th ed.). McGraw-Hill. United States of America

# data[].attributes.headline
3. Which of the following alcohol does not turn cloudy when react with Lucas Reagent?

# data[].attributes.subject
3. Which of the following alcohol does not turn cloudy when react with Lucas Reagent?

# data[].attributes.body
Answer :

1-pentanol

# data[].attributes.body
4. The observation and the time taken for the reaction to occur is recorded

# data[].attributes.body
ABDULLAH HASSAN BIN MOHD FADLI

MS2417120117

# data[].attributes.body
2. Bromine water is added dropwise until precipitate formed

# data[].attributes.body
Answer : ﻿﻿

To identify the class of alcohol﻿﻿

# data[].attributes.body
IMELDA SHAFIA BINTI MUHAMMAD NOOR

MS2417120597

# data[].attributes.body
2. 2 ml of Lucas reagent is added into the test tube

# data[].attributes.body
1. Approximately 1 ml of 1-butanol, 2-butanol, 2- methyl-2-propanol, and alcohol X is placed into 4 separate test tubes

# data[].attributes.body
1. Insufficient reaction time or improper handling of the reaction may lead to incomplete reactions, resulting in unreacted starting materials.

2. Contaminated bromine solution resulting in no reaction occurs.

# data[].attributes.body
2. 2 to 3 drops of concentrated H2SO4 is added to the Na2Cr2O7 solution in fume chamber

# data[].attributes.body
Studocu. (n.d.). Experiment 5 - Chemistry - Studocu. https://www.studocu.com/my/document/kolej-matrikulasi-perak/chemistry/experiment-5/42193701

Libretexts. (2020, July 14). 8.1: Naming the alcohols. Chemistry LibreTexts. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Map%3A_Organic_Chemistry_%28Vollhardt_and_Schore%29/08._Hydroxy_of_Functional_Group%3A_Alcohols%3A_Properties_Preparation_and_Strategy_of_Synthesis/8.1%3A_Naming__the_Alcohols

Admin. (2022, May 18). Types of Alcohols - Primary, Secondary &amp; Tertiary Alcohols. BYJUS. https://byjus.com/chemistry/types-of-alcohols/

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
SDS SK025 -- JOTTER -- Experiment 5: Reaction of Hydroxy Compound

# data[].attributes.body
Explain the formation of two layers in the Lucas test.

Answer :

In the Lucas test, the formation of two layers is due to the reaction of alcohols with Lucas reagent (a mixture of concentrated HCl and ZnCl₂), producing an alkyl chloride. The reaction involves the substitution of the hydroxyl group (-OH) in the alcohol with a chloride ion (Cl⁻). Since alkyl chlorides are non-polar and immiscible in the polar aqueous phase of the reagent, they separate as a distinct, less dense layer on top. The rate of reaction varies with the type of alcohol: tertiary alcohols react almost instantly, forming a cloudy solution within seconds, secondary alcohols form a cloudy solution within a few minutes, while primary alcohols react very slowly or require heating. The formation of two layers or turbidity is a positive result, indicating the production of an alkyl chloride and confirming the type of alcohol based on its reactivity.

Suggest the chemical test to differentiate 1-propanol and 2-methyl-2-propanol. Include chemical equations and observations to support your suggestion.

Answer :

To differentiate between 1-propanol (a primary alcohol) and 2-methyl-2-propanol (a tertiary alcohol), the Lucas test is an effective method.

Observations:

• 2-methyl-2-propanol: The solution turn cloudy immediately

• 1-propanol: The solution does not turn cloudy

# data[].attributes.body
Alcohols play a vital role in daily life due to their versatile properties. Ethanol, a primary alcohol, is widely used in hand sanitizers as an antiseptic to kill bacteria and viruses and in perfumes and lotions as a solvent that evaporates quickly, leaving a pleasant scent. Methanol, another primary alcohol, is used in windshield washer fluids and antifreeze. Isopropanol, a secondary alcohol, is commonly found in hand sanitizers, disinfectants, and cleaning products due to its effective antimicrobial properties. Tertiary alcohols, such as tert-butanol, are used in personal care products like hair sprays as stabilizers and solvents. These alcohols are indispensable in maintaining hygiene, enhancing personal care, and ensuring convenience in daily living.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
PRE LAB EXPERIMENT 5: REACTIONS OF HYDROXY COMPOUNDS (SK025)

# data[].attributes.body
Explain the formation of two layers in the Lucas test.

Suggest the chemical test to differentiate 1-pentanol and 2-methyl-2-propanol. Include chemical equations and observations to support your suggestion.

Answer:

1.) The formation of two layers in the Lucas test occurs due to the immiscibility of the products formed during the reaction. When an alcohol reacts with the Lucas reagent (a mixture of concentrated HCl and ZnCl₂), it undergoes a substitution reaction to form an alkyl chloride and water. The alkyl chloride is non-polar and hydrophobic, making it insoluble in the aqueous phase, which contains water, HCl, and ZnCl₂. This results in the separation of the reaction mixture into two layers: the organic layer (containing the alkyl chloride) and the aqueous layer. The formation of turbidity or two distinct layers is a visual indicator of the alcohol’s reactivity, with tertiary alcohols reacting fastest, followed by secondary alcohols, while primary alcohols react very slowly.

2.)To differentiate 1-pentanol (a primary alcohol) and 2-methyl-2-propanol (a tertiary alcohol), the Lucas test is a suitable chemical test. This test relies on the different reactivities of primary and tertiary alcohols with the Lucas reagent (concentrated HCl and ZnCl₂).

Reactions and Observations:

1. For 1-pentanol (Primary Alcohol):

Observation: Primary alcohols react very slowly with Lucas reagent. Turbidity or the formation of two layers does not occur at room temperature and may require heating.

2. For 2-methyl-2-propanol (Tertiary Alcohol):

Observation: Tertiary alcohols react almost immediately with Lucas reagent, forming turbidity or two layers within seconds at room temperature.

# data[].attributes.body
VSALNY A/P S INDHIRAN

MS2417121658

# data[].attributes.headline
5. Which of the following is not the precaution of the experiment?

# data[].attributes.subject
5. Which of the following is not the precaution of the experiment?

# data[].attributes.body
Answer :

Arrange the chemical reagent in orderly.

# data[].attributes.body
Explain the formation of two layers in the Lucas test.

Suggest the chemical test to differentiate 1-butanol and cyclobutanol. Include chemical equations and observations to support your suggestion.

Answer :

Lucas Test is conducted to differentiate 1-butanol and 2-methyl-2-propanol :

The Lucas test helps distinguish alcohols by their reactivity with Lucas reagent (a mixture of concentrated HCl and ZnCl₂), leading to the formation of alkyl chlorides. The reaction involves replacing the hydroxyl group (-OH) with a chloride ion (Cl⁻). Alkyl chlorides, being non-polar, are immiscible in the aqueous phase, resulting in turbidity or the formation of a separate layer.

Chemical Equations:

Refer diagram

Observations:

• 2-Methyl-2-propanol: The cloudiness appears almost immediately upon addition of the Lucas reagent, indicating the rapid formation of tert-butyl chloride.

• 1-Butanol: No immediate turbidity is observed. Even after several minutes, the solution remains clear, reflecting the slow reaction rate of primary alcohols.