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Explanatory Video Psychological factors that affect second language learning🤓🧠

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Explanatory Video Psychological factors that affect second language learning🤓🧠

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Explanation and conclusion of the most important characteristics about Psychological factors that affect second language learning🗣️🧏🏻‍♀️

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Differences in second language learning between children and adults 🚼vs🚹

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Explanatory video_ Differences in second language learning between children and adults. 🚼vs🚹

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Psychological factors that affect second language learning🤓🧠

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Psychological factors that affect second language learning🤓🧠

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1) Anxiety in Learning 😖📚

Importance: Anxiety can negatively impact performance and the ability to retain information when learning a second language.

Example: A student afraid of making mistakes may avoid participating in speaking activities, limiting their progress.

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📌Conclusion: Second language learning in children and adults 💬

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Psychological factors that affect second language learning🤓🧠

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Psychological factors that affect second language learning🤓🧠

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2) Self-esteem and Confidence 🥰🤳🏻

Importance: High self-esteem encourages confidence, which is crucial for practice and learning from mistakes. (Dörnyei, 2005)

Example: Students with strong confidence tend to participate actively in discussions and speaking activities.

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Psychological factors that affect second language learning🤓🧠

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Psychological factors that affect second language learning🤓🧠

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3) Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation 🙋🏻‍♀️👍🏻

Importance: Both intrinsic motivation (personal interest) and extrinsic motivation (external rewards) are essential for sustained language learning.

Example: A student with intrinsic motivation might learn a language out of cultural interest, while an extrinsically motivated one might do so for career opportunities.

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Psychological factors that affect second language learning🤓🧠

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Psychological factors that affect second language learning🤓🧠

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4) Memory and Retention 🧏🏻‍♀️🤔💭

Importance: Strong memory and retention skills are crucial for acquiring vocabulary and grammar structures. (Baddeley, 2020)

Example: Using techniques like spaced repetition improves word retention and long-term memory.

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Children

They have a greater neurological plasticity that allows them to acquire language in a more natural and intuitive way.

Their brain has a greater capacity for adaptation and neural reorganization, which facilitates the absorption of new linguistic structures.

They have fewer psychological barriers and less metalinguistic awareness, which allows them to learn without inhibitions.

Adults

Have a greater cognitive capacity to analyze and understand complex grammatical structures.

They have more developed metacognitive strategies to approach language learning.

However, they experience a decrease in brain plasticity, which may hinder the acquisition of native phonetic and grammatical aspects.

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Capacidad de adquisición del lenguaje en niños y adultos 

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Children

Their motivation is mainly intrinsic and arises from the need to communicate.

They learn language as part of their natural socialization process.

They do not experience fear of error or embarrassment when speaking.

Adults

They have more complex motivations, such as professional, academic or personal reasons.

They may have more marked extrinsic motivations, such as obtaining better job opportunities.

They experience greater anxiety and fear of error, which may inhibit their learning.

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3 tips on how to study effectively: Active Recall (Flashcards), Interleaving and Spaced Repetition. 

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Children

They use implicit and holistic learning strategies.

They learn by immersion and imitation.

They do not require explicit grammatical explanations.

Adults

Employ more analytical and conscious learning strategies.

They use structured study tools such as grammars, dictionaries and technological resources.

They can develop more diverse and personalized learning strategies.

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7 Tips to improve your English pronunciation fast

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Children

They make mistakes naturally as part of their learning process.

They are less aware of errors and correct them intuitively.

They develop a pronunciation closer to the native accent.

Adults

They tend to transfer structures from their native language.

They can fossilize grammatical and pronunciation errors.

They are more aware of their mistakes, which can lead to greater frustration.

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7 Consejos para mejorar tu pronunciación en inglés rápido

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¿Quieres saber cómo mejorar la pronunciación en inglés para comunicarte con otros con mayor naturalidad y confianza? Aquí tienes 7 consejos.

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This infographic explores the “Neurolinguistic Learning Journey,” highlighting the neurological and strategic differences and similarities in learning between children and adults. It presents key comparisons of how their brains process information, adapt learning strategies, and cope with challenges, providing practical tools to optimize learning at each stage of life.

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Tabla comparativa cerebro moderno colores pastel 

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Chomsky’s theory of universal grammar and the Language Acquisition Device (LAD) suggests that language learning is natural and innate. This boosts confidence in learners, which reduces anxiety and improves memory retention. (Chomsky, 1965)

Example: when learners believe their brain is wired to easily pick up grammatical structures, they engage more confidently in conversation, leading to better retention of new vocabulary and grammar.

Bibliographic Reference

Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax; The Language Instinct.

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SOCIAL FACTORS AFFECTING SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNING

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Social Factors Affecting Second Language Learning

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Social Factors Affecting Second Language Learning

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The learning of a second language is influenced by various social factors that can either facilitate or hinder the process. These factors include the cultural context, social interaction, family and community support, and access to educational resources. The following explores these key aspects.

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The cultural context plays a crucial role in second language learning. Cultural norms, values, and practices directly influence students' perception and motivation to learn another language.

Influence of culture on language: Languages reflect the values and traditions of a culture. In bilingual countries like Canada, learning a second language is part of the national identity.

Stereotypes and barriers: Cultural prejudices can affect learners' confidence as well as their perception of the target language.

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Social interaction is essential for developing practical skills in a second language.

Formal and informal settings: In classrooms, students can learn the basics of the language, while in informal contexts (such as social networks or cultural events), they develop fluency and confidence.

Social barriers: A lack of opportunities to interact in the target language or fear of making mistakes can limit learners' progress.
Example: Cultural exchange programs that allow students to practice in real-life situations.

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Family and community support play a crucial role in the success of second language learning.

Role of the family: Families that encourage bilingualism from an early age often have children with greater proficiency in both languages.

Social interaction: Social interaction is essential for developing practical language skills. Communication with native speakers and participation in group activities foster more effective learning.

Positive example: Cultural exchange programs that allow students to practice in real-life situations.

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Access to modern and traditional educational tools also has a significant impact on second language learning.

Digital resources: Platforms like Duolingo, Rosetta Stone, and online classes provide accessible opportunities to practice the language.

Inequalities in access: In some regions, a lack of educational infrastructure limits the opportunities to learn a second language.

Example: Public libraries, cultural centers, and mobile apps serve as key resources for communities with limited access.

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Summary of Key Differences between learning in Adults and Children

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Summary of Key Differences between learning in Adults and Children

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Language acquisition:

Children: High brain plasticity; implicit learning.

Adults: Depend on explicit and conscious strategies.

Motivation:

Children: Driven by curiosity and social interactions.

Adults: Instrumental, focused on goals like career improvement.

Learning strategies:

Children: Contextual and experiential methods.

Adults: Cognitive strategies like memorization and grammar analysis.

Common errors:

Children: Overgeneralization of grammar rules.

Adults: Transfer of native language patterns.

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Teaching Adults vs. Children: Understanding the Key Differences for Effective Learning

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As trainers, it is imperative that we acknowledge the significance of adult learning psychology in educational settings. In order to design successful educational programs and training, a comprehensive comprehension of the unique characteristics of adult learners is essential.

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In this graphic organizer, we can observe more differences between how adults and children navigate through their learning process.

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Importance of Psychological and Social Factors

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Importance of Psychological and Social Factors

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Psychological factors:

Anxiety: A major obstacle for adults; less impactful for children.

Self-esteem: Influences participation in language activities.

Motivation: Intrinsic motivation yields more sustainable learning.

Social factors:

Cultural context and social interaction boost language practice.

Family and community support are critical for children.

Access to educational resources directly impacts progress.

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Brilliant Minds Learning - TEFL Wonderland

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Differences between Young and Adult Learners

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For children:

Use games and interactive activities.

Create emotionally safe learning environments.

Provide real-life communication scenarios.

For adults:

Design goal-oriented learning activities.

Employ metacognitive strategies (goal-setting, self-assessment).

Reduce anxiety with mindfulness or supportive group work.

For both groups:

Encourage social interaction in the target language.

Leverage educational technology to support learning.

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By Indeed Editorial Team

Updated May 19, 2022

Published June 29, 2021

Classroom games can help instructors create well-rounded lesson plans, form better relationships with their students and help them succeed at school. Many activities have multiple purposes and are adapted based on your curriculum or your students' level of learning.

In this article, we define what classroom games are, describe their benefits and list 20 classroom games to consider. By learning about different classroom games, you can decide which option appeals to you and which may work best for your students.

What are classroom games?

Classroom games are activities teachers use to supplement academic assignments or encourage students to practice new skills. Depending on your preferences and your students' needs, you can play classroom games using technical equipment, physical exercise or an art-based medium. Some teachers use classroom games to encourage teamwork and provide opportunities for personal development.

Benefits of classroom games

Here are some benefits of using classroom games in your lesson plans:

Encourages creative expression: Many classroom games involve an artistic component, allowing students to develop their original ideas and express themselves creatively.

Allows varied learning styles: You can use classroom games to incorporate different learning styles into your curriculum. For instance, some students learn skills more effectively by participating in an activity rather than reading or writing text.

Helps students adjust to school: Games can become a strategy for helping students adapt after they spend time away from the classroom.

Creates a welcoming environment: You can use games to bond with your students, create classroom guidelines and promote a welcoming atmosphere for learning new skills.

20 ideas for classroom games

Consider these 20 ideas for classroom games:

1. Charades

In the game of charades, students can study vocabulary words and learn public speaking skills by doing physical exercise. One student performs actions or movements associated with a word while their classmates guess it out loud. The person who guesses the correct option receives the next word to perform.

For instance, if the word is "debate," then a student might simulate an exchange with another person. You can add a teamwork element by dividing the class into groups and directing them to only guess the words for other members of their team.

2. Studying contest

This game can help students study lesson content and quickly analyze information, making it beneficial for reviewing test material. You draw two circles on a board or projector screen and label one "Yes" and the other "No." Separate students into two teams and call one representative from each to listen to a statement and decide if it's true or false. The first student who taps the circle with the correct answer wins the round for their team.

3. Secret investigator

You can use this game to teach deductive reasoning skills between academic lessons. You write a word on the board and select one student to be the investigator and leave the room while you select another to be the secret leader. This student coordinates the others in an action like clapping or chanting words, which they change every 30 seconds. When the investigator returns to the room, their task is to determine who the secret leader is.

4. Stacking competition

In this contest, students can learn teamwork and practice problem-solving. Separate students into groups and give them plastic cups, a rubber band and string. The students tie pieces of string to the rubber band, one for each team member, then wrap the rubber band around the first cup. Their goal is to figure out a way to lift the cups using the strings as a team and stack them in a specific shape like a pyramid.

5. Find the clues

During this timed game, students can practice their concentration and communication skills while studying lesson material. You provide several terms or names on small pieces of paper and assign a certain amount of points to each one. Working in teams, one student picks a word and gives their teammates clues without saying it. Their goal is to identify as many words as they can. The team that has the most after 60 seconds wins the round.

6. Jeopardy

In this contest, students can learn teamwork and review lesson content by earning points. You write questions or mathematical equations on index cards and list points on the other side of the card based on content difficulty. Separate the cards into categories and place them on a screen or board for teams to select and attempt to answer. For instance, one category might be quadratic equations and its 500-point card has multiple steps while a 100-point card has very few.

7. Find the object or image

In this physical activity, students can learn research skills while learning the components of a classroom. You provide a list of objects or images in the classroom and set a timer for three minutes while students search for them. You can also hide mathematical equations around the room and instruct students to solve them within the timeframe. It may be helpful to provide additional guidelines for finding objects to encourage teamwork and constructive exploration.

8. Category contest

During this game, students use their base of knowledge to learn how to connect separate concepts. You provide topics and related categories, then direct student teams to think of words associated with it that begin with a randomly selected letter. For instance, one topic could be "outer space" and a related category could be "planets." If the assigned letter is "M," the planet might be Mars. It might be helpful to design a point system based on different parameters like the complexity of the word.

9. Bingo

You can use this game to review lesson content and help students study for exams, particularly when teaching complicated vocabulary words or multiplication tables. You prepare a grid for each student with different questions or mathematical expressions. Then, they read items from a corresponding list and students listen for their options, marking the grid when they hear an answer. The student who marks their entire grid with the most correct answers wins the round.

10. Pass the object

In this game, students can exercise while reviewing important terms and numerical expressions. You separate students into groups and give them each a soft object or small ball to toss a few feet. Then, you reveal a question, which the student has to answer before tossing the ball to someone else, who answers the next question. When each student in a group finishes passing the object, they win the round.

11. Invent a solution

Students can play this game during breaks to practice problem-solving in teams and learn how to create original ideas. You announce a problem students can solve using only three provided objects. You can use creative examples like saving the world from an imaginary creature or a situation from everyday life like how to help a friend make an important decision. After a certain timeframe, each group presents the solution to the class, then answers questions about it.

12. Guess a classmate

You can use this game to help students restore their concentration and practice their deduction skills after a break. Students close their eyes and place their hands on a table in front of them. You select some students to walk around the classroom and gently tap other students' hands. Afterward, these students guess which classmate tapped their hand and switch roles if their answer is correct.

13. Walk to four corners

If you have a bigger classroom, you can try this game to help students work off some energy. Instructors assign names to four corners of the room and direct students to pick a corner to stand in during a certain timeframe. Afterward, you announce one of the four corners and the students standing there must step out of the game until the next round. The last student standing in a corner is the winner.

14. Word definition

In this game, students can deepen their understanding of relevant vocabulary words, particularly high-level options. You choose a word and direct students to write what they think the meaning is on a piece of paper. You read the definitions out loud and have students vote on which option is most likely correct. It may be helpful to give students tips during this game like how to identify familiar words within the vocabulary that's more complex.

15. Finish the sentence

You can use this game to teach students memorization and concentration skills, particularly if they're at a middle school grade level. You write half of a sentence on a board like "I'm leaving on a vacation and bringing," followed by a blank space for the second half. The first student adds an item to a list such as "I'm leaving on a vacation and bringing my dog." Afterward, each student repeats all previous additions before including their own.

16. Collaborative drawing

In this activity, students can learn teamwork skills and express their creativity. You provide each student with a sheet of paper and writing implement, then direct them to draw a picture within a set timeframe. Afterward, the student passes their drawing to another classmate and continues the drawing of someone else. This continues until the student receives their original artwork, which they describe to the rest of the class.

17. Replace the number

During this game, students can practice concentration skills and learn important number sets. You pick one number and replace it with a sound or word like "zing" or "buzz." Then, students read the numbers out loud and use the replacement instead of the selected number. If the student says the number instead of the replacement, they step out of the game until the next round starts.

18. Memorize objects

This game can be an engaging way to introduce a new subject with a lot of relevant tools and materials like chemistry. You place at least 15 different objects on a classroom table and students study them within a certain timeframe. Afterward, you cover the objects and ask students to recall certain details about them and explain what purpose they might fulfill. You can also have the students view images on a projector screen instead.

19. Connect through stories

You can use this game to encourage students to bond with each other and reflect on their conduct, particularly if they're in high school. You can pick up a ball of yarn and share a personal anecdote of a situation where you solved an issue and learned something new. Then, you hold the end of the yarn string and give the ball to a student, who shares a situation of their own. When they're finished, they hold on to the yarn string and pass the ball again, creating a physical representation of connecting with other people.

20. Freeze-dance

You can use this game to help students get ready for an academic lesson after recess or to end the school day on a positive note. The students move all tables and chairs to one side of the room while you set up a speaker to play fun music. You direct the students to stop moving their bodies when you pause the music at random moments. If a student continues to move, they step out of the game for the current round.

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20 Fun Games for Classrooms (Plus Benefits and Examples)

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By Indeed Editorial Team Updated May 19, 2022 Published June 29, 2021 Classroom games can help instructors create well-rounded lesson plans, form better relationships with their students and help them succeed at school. Many activities have multiple purposes and are adapted based on your curriculum or your students' level of learning.

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Foster a positive and mistake-friendly environment.

Use diverse learning resources (videos, graphics, concept maps).

Practice daily for 20–30 minutes.

Interact with native speakers or practice in groups.

Set achievable goals for each stage.

Apply learned skills in real-life scenarios.

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The Ultimate Guide to Teaching: Children vs Adults - Travelling Welshman

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When it comes to teaching children or adults, who brings up the biggest challenges? Who is the easiest to teach and who is the most fun?

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COMPARISON TEACHING STRATEGIES BETWEEN CHILDREN AND ADULTS

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When professors are teaching to children they mostly use:

Songs and little interactive games

Mostly group work to emphasize the multisensory skills

Using vibrant colors and sounds to keep the attention.

While, for adults is the total opposite:

It is ecpected that adults have an active rol.

Using problem-solving skills to practice and learn.

Basing the topics in their life experiences for the to apply it to daily life.

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CHILDREN:

Didactic material

Simple contents

Visual and narrative elements to stimulate their brains and imagination.

ADULTS:

Curriculum afaptated to their needs (related to work or life).

More abstract and analytic material.

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CHILDREN:

Evaluation through observation and easy tasks.

Little focus in grades more focus in process.

ADULTS:

Autoevaluation and summative evaluations.

Exposition (Group and Individual).

Big and complex projects.

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Technology has become a great tool for learning, but the difference between children and adults are:

CHILDREN:

Used for interactive apps.

Used for didactic material (songs, videos, movies, book tales, etc.)

Educational games.

Supervition is strictly needed to avoid distractions.

ADULTS:

Use of online platforms (Moodle, Google Classroom, etc.)

Use of software tools (Canva, word, excel, etc.)

Fast and easy access to learning (Using mobile phones, laptops, etc.)

Using academic resources to complete their assignments (Google Academic, ResearchGate, etc.)

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Both children and adults are capable of learning effectively, but they do so in different ways and require distinct teaching strategies based on their developmental and cognitive characteristics.

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Do Adults Learn Languages Like Children?