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The Songhai Empire was located in western Africa, and it holds the greatest university for learning, Timbuktu, which spread the ideas of astronomy medicine, and mathematics. While Islam was practiced by rulers, most people remained loyal to their indigenous religions. Songhai was a cultural center of Africa because of trade relationships with foreign nations and empires. Their political system was ruled by an absolute monarch who commanded the military and controlled an imperial bureaucracy. Their economic system was based on trade of slaves and gold to North Africa across the Sahara Desert and overseas.

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Asante is located in West Africa, and they traded Gold and Slaves with Portugal. They practiced indigenous religion, and used their own indigenous language. Threats from European invasion and other African empires created a militaristic society. Their political system was an elimination of clan tradition in favor of a unified government under a central leader. Their economic system was based on trade of slaves and gold to North Africa across the Sahara Desert and overseas.

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Ethiopia is located in East Africa, and they traded with Portugal and other Europeans for weapons and maintained independence from Europeans. Ethiopia gained an influence of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam through trading. Also, Differences in religion and European interaction caused conflict. Their political system was ruled by a monarch centered on Christianity. Their economic system ws based on trade of gold, ivory, and frankincense across the Sahara Desert and overseas.

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The Kongo Kingdom is located in West-Central Africa, and it created trade with Portugal. Portuguese missionaries were successful in converting rulers to Christianity, resulting in the conversion of the entire kingdom. The art of the Kongo was elaborate, using wood, cloth, and terra-cotta. Their political system was ruled by a monarch with centralized power over a bureaucracy. Their economic system was based on agriculture, metallurgy, and trade of ivory and slaves.

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Zulu is located in Southern Africa, and it was led by warrior Shaka, but the British Empire took them over. Practice of indigenous religion, characterized by ancestral spirits and the use of magic. History passed through oral traditions in the indigenous language. Their political system was ruled by a monarch with centralized power over a bureaucracy. Their economic system was based entirely on agriculture and livestock.

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Congo River is the second longest river in Africa behind the Nile. The Congo River is very important because it provides food, medicine, water, materials and shelter or over 75 million people. The Congo River is the deepest river in the world. The Congo River is about 2,900 miles (4,700 kilometers) long. The Congo River is located in west-central Africa and it was formerly known as the Zaire River.

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Sahara Desert is the World's Largest Africa Desert. The Sahara desert has a variety of land features, but it is most famous for the sand dune fields that are often depicted in movies. Some claim the desert formed within the past few thousand years while others suggest a longer history. The others think the Sahara has formed in the Pliocene between 5.3 and 2.6 million years ago. Some interesting facts about the Sahara desert are that the Saharan Dunes can reach 180 metres in height and also many dinosaur fossils have been found in the Sahara desert.

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Niger River is the main river of Western Africa, that moves through the countries of Niger and Mali. The Niger River is very important for the western region of Africa because it is used for irrigation, power production, and transportation. Some facts about the Niger River are that it is the third-longest river in Africa, behind the Nile and the Congo Rivers and it is 2,597 miles long.

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Horn of Africa is the part of Northeastern Africa that includes the countries of Somalia and Southeastern Ethiopia. The Horn of Africa is one of the world's most conflict-prone and fragile regions. The Horn of Africa was formed around 18 million years ago. It is known an the Horn of Africa since the group of countries form a horn like landmass over the peninsula. It coasts are washed by the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden, and the Indian Ocean, and it has long been in contact with the Arabian Peninsula and southwestern Asia.

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The Cape of Good Hope is located in South Africa and it is named after the explorer Bartholomew Dias. It is known for the stormy weather and rough seas encountered there. It is one of the southernmost points in Africa, it is among the most famous capes in maritime history. Its discovery by Europeans in the 15th century opened the first all-water route from Europe to Asia. The Cape of Good Hope is also the legendary home of the Flying Dutchman.