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BADMINTON RULES (9)：SERVICE

9. SERVICE

the server and the receiver shall stand within diagonally opposite service courts (Diagram A) without touching the boundary lines of these service courts;

In Para-badminton Wheelchair and Standing Classes playing half-court,

Diagram D and F, respectively, apply.

some part of both feet of the server and the receiver shall remain in contact with the surface of the court in a stationary position from the start of the service (Law 9.2) until the service is delivered (Law 9.3);

In Wheelchair Badminton: from the start of the service and until the service is delivered, the wheels of the server and the receiver must be stationary, except the natural counter movement of the server's wheelchair.

the whole shuttle shall be below the server's waist at the instant of being hit by the server's racket. The waist shall be considered to be an imaginary line round the body,level with the lowest part of the server's bottom rib

In Wheelchair Badminton, the whole shuttle shall be below the server's armpit at the instant of being hit by the server's racket;

For Fixed Height Experiment: The whole of the shuttle shall be below 1.10 metres from the surface of the court at the instant of being hit by the server's racket.

Once the players are ready for the service, the first forward movement of the server's racket head shall be the start of the service.

Once started (Law 9.2), the service is delivered when the shuttle is hit by the server's racket or, in attempting to serve, the server misses the shuttle.

The server shall not serve before the receiver is ready. However, the receiver shall be considered to have been ready if a return of the service is attempted.

In doubles, during the delivery of service (Law 9.2, 9.3), the partners may take up any positions within their respective courts, which do not unsight the opposing server or receiver.

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BADMINTON RULES (9)：SERVICE - VICTOR Badminton | Global

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neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once the server and the receiver are ready for the service.

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Starting befoe the starting signal

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in attempting to serve, the server shall not miss the shuttle.

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L AW

1. Court & court equipment
2. Shuttle
3. Testing a shuttle for speed
4. Racket
5. Equipment compliance
6. Toss
7. Scoring system
8. Change of ends
9. Service
10. Singles
11. Doubles
12. Service court errors
13. Faults
14. Lets
15. Shuttle not in play
16. Continuous play, misconduct, penalties
17. Officials and appeals

A PPENDICES

1. Variations in court and equipment
2. Handicap matches
3. Games of other than 11 or 15 points
4. Vocabulary
5. Badminton for disabled people
6. Imperial measurements
7. Index to the Laws of Badminton

R ECOMMENDATIONS TO C OURT O FFICIALS

1. Introduction
2. Officials and their decisions
3. Recommendations to umpires
4. General advice on umpiring
5. Instructions to service judges
6. Instructions to line judges

Definitions

Player
Any person playing badminton

Match
The basic contest in badminton between opposing sides each of 1 or 2 players

Singles
A match where there is one player on each of the opposing sides

Doubles
A match where there are two players on each of the opposing sides

Serving side
The side having the right to serve

Receiving side
The side opposing the serving side

1. COURT AND COURT EQUIPMENT
1.1 The court shall be a rectangle and laid out with lines 40mm wide as in Diagram A.

1.2 The lines shall be easily distinguishable and preferably be coloured white or yellow.

1.3 All lines form part of the area which they define.

1.4 The posts shall be 1.55 metres in height from the surface of the court and shall remain vertical when the net is strained as provided in Law 1.10.

1.5 The posts shall be placed on the doubles side lines as in Diagram A, irrespective of whether singles or doubles is being played.

1.6 The net shall be made of fine cord of dark colour and even thickness with a mesh of not less than l5mm and not more than 20mm.

1.7 The net shall be 760mm in depth and at least 6.1 metres wide.

1.8 The top of the net shall be edged with a 75mm white cloth tape doubled over a cord or cable running through the tape. This tape must rest upon the cord or cable.

1.9 The cord or cable shall be stretched firmly, flush with the top of the posts.

1.10 The top of the net from the surface of the court shall be 1.524 metres at the centre of the court and 1.55 metres over the side lines for doubles.

1.11 There shall be no gaps between the ends of the net and the posts. If necessary, the full depth of the net should be tied at the ends.
2. SHUTTLE
2.1 The shuttle may be made from natural and/or synthetic materials. From whatever material the shuttle is made, the flight characteristics generally should be similar to those produced by a natural feathered shuttle with a cork base covered by a thin layer of leather.

2.2 The shuttle shall have 16 feathers fixed in the base.

2.3 The feathers shall be measured from the tip to the top of the base and each shuttle shall be of the same length. This length can be between 62mm and 70mm.

2.4 The tips of the feathers shall lie on a circle with a diameter from 58mm to 68mm.

2.5 The feathers shall be fastened firmly with thread or other suitable material.

2.6 The base shall be 25mm to 28mm in diameter and rounded on the bottom.

2.7 The shuttle shall weigh from 4.74 to 5.50 grams.

2.8 Non-Feathered Shuttle

2.8.1 The skirt, or simulation of feathers in synthetic materials, replaces natural feathers.

2.8.2 The base is described in Law 2.6.

2.8.3 Measurements and weight shall be as in Laws 2.3, 2.4 and 2.7. However, because of the difference in the specific gravity and other properties of synthetic materials in comparison with feathers, a variation of up to 10 per cent is acceptable.

2.9 Subject to there being no variation in the design, speed and flight of the shuttle, modifications in the above specifications may be made with the approval of the Member Association concerned:

2.9.1 in places where atmospheric conditions due to either altitude or climate make the standard shuttle unsuitable

2.9.2 if special circumstances exist which make it otherwise necessary in the interests of the game

3 Testing a Shuttle for speed

3.1 To test a shuttle, use a full underhand stroke which makes contact with the shuttle over the back boundary line. The shuttle shall be hit at an upward angle and in a direction parallel to the side lines.

3.2 A shuttle of correct speed will land not less than 530mm and not more than 990mm short of the other back boundary line as in Diagram B.
4. RACKET
4.1 The parts of a racket are described in Laws 4.1.1 to 4.1.7 and are illustrated in Diagram C.

4.1.1 The main racket parts are called the handle, the stringed area, the head, the shaft, the throat and the frame.

4.1.2 The handle is the part of the racket intended to be gripped by the player.

4.1.3 The stringed area is the part of the racket with which it is intended the player hits the shuttle.

4.1.4 The head bounds the stringed area.

4.1.5 The shaft connects the handle to the head (subject to Law 4.1.6).

4.1.6 The throat (if present) connects the shaft to the head.

4.1.7 The frame is the name given to the head, throat, shaft and handle taken together.

4.2 The frame of the racket shall not exceed 680mm in overall length and 230mm in overall width.

4.3 Stringed area

4.3.1 The stringed area shall be flat and consist of a pattern of crossed strings either alternately interlaced or bonded where they cross. The stringing pattern shall be generally uniform and, in particular, not less dense in the centre than in any other area.

4.3.2 The stringed area shall not exceed 280mm in overall length and 220mm in overall width. However, the strings may extend into an area which otherwise would be the throat, provided that the width of the extended stringed area does not exceed 35mm and provided that the overall length of the stringed area does not then exceed 330mm.

4.4 The racket:

4.4.1 shall be free of attached objects and protrusions, other than those used solely and specifically to limit or prevent wear and tear, or vibration, or to distribute weight, or to secure the handle by cord to the player's hand, and which are reasonable in size and placement for such purposes; and

4.4.2 shall be free of any device which makes it possible for a player to change materially the shape of the racket.
5. EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE
The International Badminton Federation shall rule on any question of whether any racket, shuttle or equipment or any prototype used in the playing of badminton complies with the specifications. Such ruling may be undertaken on the Federation's initiative or upon application by any party with a bona fide interest therein, including any player, equipment manufacturer or Member Association or member thereof.
6. TOSS
6.1 Before play commences, a toss shall be conducted and the side winning the toss shall exercise the choice in either Law 6.1.1 or Law 6.1.2.

6.1.1 to serve or receive first.

6.1.2 To start play at one end of the court or the other.

6.2 The side losing the toss shall then exercise the remaining choice.
7. SCORING SYSTEM
7.1 A match shall consist of the best of three games unless, otherwise arranged.

7.2 In doubles and men's singles a game is won by the first side to score 15 points, except as provided in Law 7.4.

7.3 In ladies' singles a game is won by the first side to score 11 points, except as provided in Law 7.4.

7.4 If the score becomes 14-all (10-all in ladies' singles), the side which first scored 14 (10) shall exercise the choice in Law 7.4.1 or 7.4.2;

7.4.1 to continue the game to 15 (11) points, ie not to 'set' the game; or

7.4.2 to 'set' the game to 17 (13) points.

7.5 The side winning a game serves first in the next game.

7.6 Only the serving end can add a point to its score (see Law 10.3 or 11.4)
8. CHANGE OF ENDS
8.1 Players shall change ends:

8.1.1 at the end of the first game;

8.1.2 prior to the beginning of the third game (if any); and

8.1.3 in the third game, or in a match of one game , when the leading score reaches:

- 6 in a game of 11 points; or
- 8 in a game of 15 points.

8.2 If players omit to change ends as indicated in Law 8.1, they shall do so as soon as the mistake is discovered and the shuttle is not in play. The existing score shall stand.
9. SERVICE
9.1 In a correct service:

9.1.1 neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once server and receiver have taken up their respective positions;

9.1.2 the server and receiver shall stand within diagonally opposite service courts without touching the boundary lines of these service courts;

9.1.3 some part of both feet of the server and receiver must remain in contact with the surface of the court in a stationary position from the start of the service until the service is delivered (Law 9.6);

9.1.4 the server's racket shall initially hit the base of the shuttle;

9.1.5 the whole of shuttle shall be below the server's waist at the instant of being hit by the server's racket;

9.1.6 the shaft of the server's racket at the instant of hitting the shuttle shall be pointing in a downward direction to such an extent that the whole of the head of the racket is discernibly below the whole of the server's hand holding the racket as in Diagram D.

9.1.7 the movement of the server's racket must continue forwards after the start of the service (Law 9.4) until the service is delivered; and

9.1.8 the flight of the shuttle shall be upwards from the server's racket to pass over the net so that, if not intercepted, it falls in the receiver's service court (ie on or within the boundary lines).

9.2 If a service is not correct by virtue of any of Laws 9.1.1 to 9.1.8, it shall be a 'fault' (Law 13) by the offending side.

9.3 It is a 'fault' if the server, in attempting to serve, misses the shuttle.

9.4 Once the players have taken their positions, the first forward movement of the server's racket head is the start of the service.

9.5 The server shall not serve before the receiver is ready but the receiver shall be considered to have been ready if a return of service is attempted.

9.6 Once the service is started (Law 9.4), it is delivered when the shuttle is hit by the server's racket or, in attempting to serve, the server misses the shuttle.

9.7 In doubles, the partners may take up any positions which do not unsight the opposing server or receiver.
Positions of the racket and of the server's hand holding it at the instant of striking the shuttle 10. SINGLES
10.1 Serving and receiving courts

10.1.1 The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective right service courts when the server has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that game.

10.1.2 The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective left service courts when the server has scored an odd number of points in that game.

10.2 The shuttle is hit alternately by the server and the receiver until a 'fault' is made or the shuttle ceases to be in play.

10.3 Scoring and serving

10.3.1 If the receiver makes a 'fault' or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of the court inside the receiver's court, the server scores a point. The server then serves again from the alternate service court.

10.3.2 If the server makes a 'fault' or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of the court inside the server's court, the server loses the right to continue serving and the receiver then becomes the server, with no point scored by either player.
11. DOUBLES
11.1 At the start of a game, and each time a side gains the right to serve, the service shall be delivered from the right service court.

11.2 Only the receiver shall return the service: should the shuttle touch or be hit by the receiver's partner, it shall be a 'fault' and the serving side scores a point.

11.3 Order of play and position on court

11.3.1 After the service is returned, the shuttle may be hit by either player of the serving side and then by either player of the receiving side, and so on, until the shuttle ceases to be in play.

11.3.2 After the service is returned, a player may hit the shuttle from any position on that player's side of the net.

11.4 Scoring and serving

11.4.1 If the receiving side makes a 'fault' or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of the court inside the receiving side's court, the serving side scores a point and the server serves again.

11.4.2 If the serving side makes a 'fault' or the shuttle ceases to be in play because it touches the surface of the court inside the serving side's court, the server loses the right to continue serving, with no point scored by either side.

11.5 Serving and receiving courts

11.5.1 The player who serves at the start of any game shall serve from, or receive in, the right service court when that player's side has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that game and the left service court when that player's side has scored an odd number of points in that game.

11.5.2 The player who receives at the start of any game shall receive in, or serve from, the right service court when that player's side has not scored or has scored an even number of points in that game and the left service court when that player's side has scored an odd number of points in that game.

11.5.3 The reverse pattern shall apply to the partners.

11.6 Service in any turn of serving shall be delivered from alternate service courts, except as provided in Laws 12 and 14.

11.7 In any game, the right to serve passes consecutively from the initial server to the initial receiver, then to the initial receiver's partner, then to the opponent who is due to serve from the right service court (Law 11.5), then to that player's partner, and so on.

11.8 No player shall serve out of turn, receive out of turn, or receive two consecutive services in the same game, except as provided in Laws 12 and 14.

11.9 Either player of the winning side may serve first in the next game, and either player of the losing side may receive.
12. SERVICE COURT ERRORS
12.1 A service court error has been made when a player:

12.1.1 has served out of turn;

12.1.2 has served from the wrong service court; or

12.1.3 standing in the wrong service court, was prepared to receive the service and it has been delivered.

12.2 If a service court error is discovered after the next service has been delivered, the error shall not be corrected.

12.3 If a service court error is discovered before the next service is delivered:

12.3.1 if both sides commiteed an error, it shall be a 'let'

12.3.2 if one side committed the error and won the rally, it shall be a 'let'

12.3.3 if one side committed the error and lost the rally, the error shall not be corrected

12.4 If there is a 'let' because of a service court error, the rally is replayed with the error corrected.

12.5 If a service court error is not to be corrected, play in that game shall proceed without changing the players' new service courts (nor, when relevant, the new order of serving).
13. FAULTS
It is a 'fault':

13.1 if a service is not correct (Law 9.1) or if Law 9.3 or 11.2 applies;

13.2 if in play the shuttle:

13.2.1 lands outside the boundaries of the court (ie not on or within the boundary lines);

13.2.2 passes through or under the net;

13.2.3 fails to pass the net;

13.2.4 touches the ceiling or side walls;

13.2.5 touches the person or dress of a player; or

13.2.6 touches any other object or person outside the immediate surroundings of the court;

(Where necessary on account of the structure of the building, the local badminton authority may, subject to the right of veto of its Member Association, make bye-laws dealing with cases in which a shuttle touches an obstruction).

13.3 if, when in play, the initial point of contact with the shuttle is not on the striker's side of the net. (The striker may, however, follow the shuttle over the net with the racket in the course of a stroke);

13.4 if, when the shuttle is in play, a player:

13.4.1 touches the net or its supports with racket, person or dress;

13.4.2 invades an opponent's court over the net with racket or person except as permitted in Law 13.3;

13.4.3 invades an opponent's court under the net with racket or person such that an opponent is obstructed or distracted; or

13.4.4 obstructs an opponent, ie prevents an opponent from making a legal stroke where the shuttle is followed over the net.

13.5 if, in play, a player deliberately distracts an opponent by any action such as shouting or making gestures;

13.6 if, in play, the shuttle:

13.6.1 is caught and held on the racket and then slung during the execution of a stroke;

13.6.2 is hit twice in succession by the same player with two strokes;

13.6.3 is hit by a player and the player's partner successively; or

13.6.4 touches a player's racket and continues towards the back of that player's court;

13.7 if a player is guilty of flagrant, repeated or persistent offences under Law 16.

13.8 if, on service, the shuttle is caught on the net and remains suspended on top or, on service, after passing over the net is caught in the net;
14. LETS
14.1 'Let' is called by the umpire, or by a player (if there is no umpire) to halt play.

14.2 A 'let' may be given for any unforeseen or accidental occurrence.

14.3 If a shuttle is caught on the net and remains suspended on top or, after passing over the net, is caught in the net, it is a 'let' except on service.

14.4 If during service, the receiver and server are both faulted at the same time, it shall be a 'let'.

14.5 If the server serves before the receiver is ready it shall be a 'let'.

14.6 If during play, the shuttle disintegrates and the base completely separates from the rest of the shuttle, it shall be a 'let'.

14.7 If a line judge is unsighted and the umpire is unable to make a decision, it shall be a 'let'.

14.8 A 'let' may occur following a service court error; see Law 12.3

14.9 When a 'let' occurs, the play since the last service shall not count and the player who served shall serve again, except where Law 14 is applicable.
15. SHUTTLE NOT IN PLAY
A shuttle is not in play when:

15.1 it strikes the net and remains attached there or suspended on top;

15.2 it strikes the net or post and starts to fall towards the surface of the court on the striker's side of the net;

15.3 it hits the surface of the court; or

15.4 a 'fault' or 'let' has occurred.
16. CONTINUOUS PLAY, MISCONDUCT, PENALTIES
16.1 Play shall be continuous from the first service until the match is concluded, except as allowed in Laws 16.2 and 16.3.

16.2 Intervals not exceeding 90 seconds between the first and second games, and not exceeding 5 minutes between the second and third games, are allowed in all matches in all of the following situations:

16.2.1 international competitive events;

16.2.2 IBF-sanctioned events; and

16.2.3 all other matches unless the Member Association has previously published a decision not to allow such intervals.
(In televised matches the Referee may decide before the match that intervals as in Law 16.2 are mandatory and of fixed duration.)
16.3 Suspension of play

16.3.1 When necessitated by circumstances not within the control of the players, the umpire may suspend play for such a period as the umpire may consider necessary

16.3.2 Under special cicumstances the Referee may instruct the umpire to suspend play

16.3.3 If play is suspended, the existing score shall stand and play be resumed from that point.

16.4 Under no circumstances shall play be delayed to enable a player to recover strength or wind.

16.5 Advice and leaving the court

16.5.1 Except in the intervals provided in Laws 16.2 and 16.3, no player shall be permitted to receive advice during a match.

16.5.2 Except during the five-minute interval described in Law 16.2, no player shall leave the court during a match without the umpire's permission.

16.6 The umpire shall be the sole judge of any suspension of play.

16.7 A player shall not:

16.7.1 deliberately cause delay in or suspension of play;

16.7.2 deliberately modify or damage the shuttle in order to change its speed or flight;

16.7.3 behave in an offensive manner; or

16.7.4 be guilty of misconduct not otherwise covered by the Laws of badminton.

16.8 The umpire shall administer any breach of Law 16.4, 16.5 or 16.7 by:

16.8.1 issuing a warning to the offending side;

16.8.2 faulting the offending side, if previously warned; or

16.8.3 in cases of flagrant offence or persistent offences, faulting the offending side and reporting the offending side immediately to the Referee, who shall have power to disqualify the offending side from the match.
17. OFFICIALS AND APPEALS
17.1 The Referee is in overall charge of the tournament or event of which a match forms part.

17.2 The umpire, where appointed, is in charge of the match, the court and its immediate surrounds. The umpire shall report to the Referee.

17.3 The service judge shall call service faults made by the server should they occur (Law 9).

17.4 A line judge shall indicate whether a shuttle is 'in' or out' on the line(s) assigned.

17.5 An official's decision is final on all points of fact for which that official is responsible.

17.6 An umpire shall:

17.6.1 uphold and enforce the Laws of badminton and, especially, call a 'fault' or 'let' should either occur;

17.6.2 give a decision on any appeal regarding a point of dispute, if made before the next service is delivered;

17.6.3 ensure players and spectators are kept informed of the progress of the match;

17.6.4 appoint or remove line judges or a service judge in consultation with the Referee;

17.6.5 where another court official is not appointed, arrange for that official's duties to be carried out;

17.6.6 where an appointed official is unsighted, carry out the official's duties or play a 'let';

17.6.7 record and report to the Referee all matters in relation to Law 16; and

17.6.8 take to the Referee all unsatisfied appeals on questions of law only. (Such appeals must be made before the next service is delivered or, if at the end of the game, before the side that appeals has left the court).
APPENDIX 1 VARIATIONS IN COURT AND EQUIPMENT
1. Where it is not practicable to have posts on the sidelines, some method must be used to indicate the position of the sidelines where they pass under the net, eg by the use of thin posts or strips of material 40 mm wide, fixed to the side lines and rising vertically to the net cord.

2. Where space does not permit the marking out of a court for doubles, a court may be marked out for singles only as shown in Diagram E. The back boundary lines become also the long service lines and the posts or the strips of material representing them shall be placed on the side lines.

APPENDIX 2
HANDICAP MATCHES

In handicap matches, the following variations in the Laws apply:

1. No variation is permitted in the number of points required to win a game (ie setting the game as in Law 7.4 is not permitted).

2. Law 8.1.3 will be amended to read:

'in the third game, and in a match of one game, when one side has scored half the total number of points required to win the game (the next higher number being taken in case of fractions).

APPENDIX 3
GAMES OF OTHER THAN 11 OR 15 POINTS

It is permissible to play one game of 21 points by prior arrangement. In this case the following variations apply:

1. Law 7.2 shall be amended, replacing 15 with 21.

2. Law 7.3 shall be amended, replacing 11 with 21

3. Law 7.4 shall be amended to read:
'7.4 If the score becomes 20-all, the side which first scored 20 shall exercise the choice in Law 7.4.1 or 7.4.2:'
4. Law 7.4.1 shall be amended to read:

'7.4.1 to continue the game to 21 points, ie not to 'set' the game; or

5. Law 7.4.2 shall be amended to read:
'7.4.2 to 'set' the game to 23 points.'
Law 8.1.3 shall be amended to read:
'8.1.3 ...when the leading score reaches 11 points.'

APPENDIX 4
VOCABULARY

This Appendix lists the standard vocabulary that should be used by umpires to control a match.
1. Announcements and Introductions
1.1 'Ladies and Gentlemen, this is:

1.1.1 the semi-final (or final) of the Men's Singles (or etc) between

1.1.2 the first singles (or etc) of the Thomas Cup (or etc) tie between

1.2.1 on my right ...... (player name), and on my left ......(player name).

1.2.2 on my right ...... (country/team name), represented by ...... (player name), and on my left ...... (country/team name), represented by ...... (player name)'.

1.3.1 ...... (player name) to serve.

1.3.2 ...... (country/team name) to serve.

1.4.1 ...... (player name) to serve to ...... (player name)

1.4.2 ...... (player name) to ...... (player name)'.
2. Start of match and calling the score
2.1 'Love all; play'

2.2 'Service over'

2.3 'Second server'

2.4 '... game point ... ' eg '14 game point 6' or '16 game point 14'

2.5 '... match point ... ' eg '14 match point 8' or '16 match point 14'

2.6 '... game point all' eg '14 game point all', or '16 game point all'

2.7 'First game won by ...... ' (in team event, use name of country/team)' '... ' (score)

2.8 'Second game won by ...... ' (in team event, use name of country/team)' '... ' (score)'

2.9 'Are you setting?'

2.9.1 'Game not set; playing to 15 (11) points'

2.9.2 'Setting to 17 (13) points'

2.10 'Court ...' (number) '20 seconds'

2.11 'One game all'

2.12 'Court ... ' (number) 'a five minute interval'

2.13 'Court ... (number) 'two minutes'

2.14 'Court ... (number) 'one minute'
3. General Communication
3.1 'Are you ready?'

3.2 'Come here'

3.3 'Is the shuttle OK?'

3.4 'Test the shuttle'

3.5 'Change the shuttle'

3.6 'Do not change the shuttle'

3.7 'Play a let'

3.8 'Change ends'

3.9 'You served out of turn'

3.10 'You received out of turn'

3.11 'You must not interfere with the speed of the shuttle'

3.12 ' The shuttle touched you'

3.13 'You touched the net'

3.14 'You are standing in the wrong court'

3.15 'You distracted your opponent'

3.16 'You hit the shuttle twice'

3.17 'You slung the shuttle'

3.18 'You invaded your opponent's court'

3.19 'You obstructed your opponent'

3.20 'Are you retiring?'

3.21 'Fault - receiver'

3.22 'Service fault called'

3.23 'Play must be continuous'

3.24 'Play is suspended'

3.25 ' ...... ' (name of player) 'warning for misconduct'

3.26 ' ...... ' (name of player) 'fault for misconduct'

3.27 'Fault'

3.28 'Out'

3.29Line judge - signal'

3.30 'Service judge - signal'

3.31 'First server'

3.32 'Second server'

3.33 'Wipe the court'
4. End of Match
4.1 'Match won by ...... ' (name of player/ team ) '...' (scores).

4.2 '.......' (name of player/team) 'retired'

4.3 '.......' (name of player/team) 'disqualified'
5. Scoring

APPENDIX 5
BADMINTON FOR DISABLED PEOPLE

The following amended Laws of badminton are applicable to the various categories of disabled people as listed. However, to standardise on one version of Laws for disabled people, an alternate version is planned. the revised version is at Appendix 5a and will be proposed to the 1999 AGM.

1. Ambulant (no change in the Laws)
Persons requiring no mechanical aid to perambulation.

2. Semi-Ambulant
Persons capable of erect perambulation but only with mechanical aid such as:

crutch (es)
stick(s)
support frame
leg brace(s)
artificial leg(s)

3. Non-Ambulant
Persons whose disabilities dictate that they adopt a sedentary posture using such support as:

chair
wheel-chair
stool

Below are the changes to the Laws.
Law
1.1 Semi-ambulant
Non-ambulant
Law
9.1.2 & 9.1.3
The wording of this Law to be extended so as to require every part of the server's and receiver's mechanical aid or support that is in contact with the surface of the court also to be within the appropriate service court and in a stationary position until the service is delivered. The word 'diagonally' to be deleted.

9.1.5 and 9.1.6
No change

As some medical conditions which render a player non-ambulant may also positively preclude compliance, these Laws to be deleted in entirety.
Law
10.
Singles Play (Diagram G)
Shaded area indicates extent of court

As only ONE service court exists at each end, references to 'left' and 'right' and 'alternate service court' do not apply.

Law
13. Doubles Play (Diagram H)
Shaded area indicates extent of court.

Players must serve from and receive within the same service courts, as adopted at the beginning of a game, throughout that game.

When the service is not returned, or a 'fault' is made by the receiving side and the serving side thereby scores a point:

the service passes to the other player of the serving side and is delivered from the other service court and continues to alternate thus as long as the serving side continues to score.

Law
13.2.5 The wording of this Law to be extended so as to make it a 'fault' if the player or the player's mechanical aid or support touches the shuttle.

All other Laws to remain unchanged for all classifications. (This includes Law 3, with the speed of the shuttle being measured against the length of a standard court by an able-bodied or ambulant player. A shuttle passing this test is suitable for play by all).

APPENDIX 5a Proposed version of Badminton for disabled people
In co-operation with the International Badminton Association for the Disabled (IBAD), it is intended to propose at the 1999 AGM an alternate version of Appendix 5 of the Laws as applicable to three categories of disabled people (sitting, wheelchair, and standing). If passed, the proposal will come into effect from 1 August 1999. The proposal will be based on the content of pages 57-62.

IBAD CLASSIFICATIONS

SITTING BADMINTON

All athletes with a minimal disability as mentioned above are eligible for playing, (also athletes with a foot amputee or hand amputee of the non-playing arm).

WHEELCHAIR CLASS 1 - disability of trunk function

Trunk function is characterised by no forceful extension from forwards, sidewards and back · spinal cord lesion with motor loss complete at L4 included · double above knee amputation till at one third from the hip.

WHEELCHAIR CLASS 2 - non disabilities of trunk functions

All athletes with a minimal disability as mentioned above (from the hip) are eligible · single above knee amputation · double below knee amputation · double above knee longer stump than one third from the hip

STANDING CLASS - above body disability

Non-playing arm
· muscle strength in the elbow or shoulder is not more than grade 3 on MRC scale
· the range of movement in the shoulder is not more than 25% antiflexion
· the range of movement in the elbow is not more than 25% extension from maximal flexion
· in co-ordination as in spastic monoplegia or co-ordination problems in plexus brachial
· amputation through the elbow or above
· shortening of the arm like through the elbow amputation, without functional hand

Playing arm
· muscle strength not more than grade 4 on MRC scale in hitting direction (forehand)
· range of movement: loss of 30-50% for antiflexion of shoulder and extension of elbow
· in co-ordination as in spastic monoplegia and athethosis in slight degree

STANDING CLASS - below body disability

At least one leg has a loss in forceful push off during jumping, landing and stepping
· stiff ankle, knee or hips
· range of movements
* no full extension of knee : 30 degrees loss
* no full extension of hip : 20 degrees loss
· muscle strength * not more than grade 3 on MRC scale in plantair flexors of ankle
* not more than grade 3 on MRC scale in knee extensors
* not more than grade 3 on MRC scale in hip extensors

A function loss across both legs must be compatible as written for one leg
· in co-ordination as in hemiplegia, spastic monoplegia and diplegia
· amputation below knee single BK class A4
1. COURT AND COURT EQUIPMENT
1.1 On the court laid out as in Diagram A in the Laws of Badminton, the following courts shall be used for the disabled:
1.1.1 Sitting badminton: the courts for singles and doubles shall be as shown in Diagrams F and G, respectively.
1.1.2 Wheelchair badminton: the courts for singles and doubles shall be as shown in Diagrams H and I, respectively.
1.1.3 Standing badminton: the courts for singles and doubles shall be as shown in Diagrams J and K, respectively.

1.4 The posts shall be the following heights from the surface of the court:
1.4.1 Sitting badminton: 1.20 metres.
1.4.2 Wheelchair badminton: 1.40 metres.
1.4.3 Standing badminton: 1.55 metres.

1.10 The top of the net from the surface of the court shall be the following heights at the centre of the court and over the side lines for doubles, respectively:
1.10.1 Sitting badminton: 1.176 and 1.20 metres.
1.10.2 Wheelchair badminton: 1.372 and 1.40 metres.
1.10.3 Standing badminton: 1.524 and 1.55 metres.
7. SCORING SYSTEM
7.2 In all singles and doubles, a game is won by the first side to score 15 points, except as provided in Law 7.4.
7.3 (delete).
7.4 If the score becomes 14-all, the side which first scored 14 shall exercise the choice in Law 7.4.1 or 7.4.2.
7.4.1 to continue the game to 15 points, ie not to 'set' the game; or
7.4.2 to 'set' the game to 17 points.

9. SERVICE

9.1 In a correct service:
9.1.2 the server and receiver shall be within the respective service courts without touching the boundary lines of these service courts;
9.1.3 (applies to standing badminton only);
9.1.5 in sitting and wheelchair badminton, the whole shuttle shall be below the server's armpit at the instant of being hit by the server's racket;
9.1.6 (applies to standing badminton only).
9.7 In doubles for sitting and wheelchair badminton, the partners shall be in the adjoining service court.
10. SINGLES
10.1 Serving and receiving courts
10.1.1 The players shall serve from, and receive in, their respective service courts.
10.1.2 (delete).
10.3 Scoring and serving
10.3.1 (delete "from the alternate service court").

11. DOUBLES

11.5 Serving and receiving courts in sitting badminton
11.5.1 The player who serves or receives the service at the start of any game shall serve and receive in the right service court during the game.
11.5.2 The partner shall serve and receive in the left service court during the game.
11.5.3 The server shall serve to the diagonally opposite service court when that player's side has not scored or has scored an even number of points.
11.5.4 The server shall serve to the straight opposite service court when that player's side has scored an odd number of points.

18. LIMITATION OF MOVEMENT
18.1 In wheelchair badminton, at the moment that a player strikes the shuttle some part of the trunk shall be in contact with the seat of the wheelchair.
18.2 In sitting badminton, at the moment that a player strikes the shuttle some part of the trunk shall be in contact with the floor.
APPENDIX 6 IMPERIAL MEASUREMENTS
The Laws express all measurements in metres or millimetres. Imperial measurements are acceptable and for the purposes of the Laws the following table of equivalence should be used:

Millimetres Inches Millimetres Feet Inches

220

8 5/8
Metres Feet Inches

290

11 3/8

2.530

8

3 3/4

APPENDIX 7
INDEX TO THE LAWS OF BADMINTON

This index is intended to assist with speedier reference to the Laws. It is not intended to be definitive and
the full text of the Laws should always be consulted for certainty.

Appeals
what, when to whom 17.6.2, 17.6.8
umpire's decision 17.6.1-2
only on question of Law 17.6.8

Change
ends 8.1
forgot to change ends 8.2
shuttle R3.8.5, R3.12

Court
layout and size 1.1 and diagram A

Delay
player not cause 16.7.1
serve/receive 9.1.1, 13.1, R3.8.4
umpire sole judge 16.6

Doubles
number of players a sideDefinitions
start right service court 11.1
only receiver to return service 11.2
play after return of service 11.3.1-2
scoring 11.4
where to serve/receive 11.5
the right to serve 11.7
receive/serve out of turn 11.8
serving first in next game 11.9

Double hit
13.6.2
by oneplayer with one stroke = OK
R3.8.6, but see 13.6.3

Duties of officials
Referee 17.1-2, 17.6.8
umpire 17.2, 17.6.1-8, R3-4
service judge 17.3, R5
line judge 17.4, R6

Enforce Laws
umpire's duty to 17.6.1
using standard vocabulary R3.7, Ap4

Faults
cause suspension of play 16.7.1
delay service 9.1.1
foot fault 9.1.2, 13.1 (both server and receiver)
hitting shuttle on other side of net 13.3
in service - shuttle caught ON net 13.8
shuttle caught IN net 13.8 (see 14.3 for during play)
misconduct 16.7.3-4
server misses shuttle 9.3
service - if not as 9.1 then = fault
interfere with speed of shuttle 16.7.2
when shuttle in play does not pass net, lands
outside court, or hits anything 13.2.1-6
list of, 13.2.1-6

In charge
of line = line judge 17.4, 17.5
overall = Referee 17.1
of serving = service judge 17.3, 17.5
of the match and the court = umpire 17.2

Let
follow service court errors 14.8
unsighted line judge and umpire unable to decide 14.7
unforeseen/accidental occurrence 14.2 = replay 14.9
shuttle disintegrates 14.6
shuttle caught ON, or, after passing over, IN net 14.3 (but on service it is a fault 13.8)
simultaneous faults during service by server and receiver14.4
umpire to halt play 14.1

Net
colour 1.6
construction 1.6-11
depth 1.7
tape at top 1.8
height above floor 1.10
tied at posts 1.11
shuttle caught IN or ON 13.8, 14.3, 15.1
initial point of contact not on striker's side 13.3

Not in play
15
shuttle strikes net, stays on top or stays suspended there 15.1 (see 13.8, 14.3, 15.2-4)

Player
definitionDefinitions
how many a sideDefinitions
serving and receiving sideDefinitions
tired, no resting 16.4

Resting
only during 90 seconds between 1st/2nd games and 5 minutes between 2nd/3rd games 16.2

Scoring
number of games per match 7.1, Ap3
only by serving side 7.6
points per game 7.2-4, Ap3
first side scoring - choice of setting 7.4-5

Serve/receive
where to stand 9.1.2-3
position of partners 9.7
who in next game 7.5, 11.9
out of turn or serve twice 11.8, 12.1-5
continuous movement of racket 9.1.7, 9.4, 13.1, R5.3

Server
to hit shuttle below waist 9.1.5, 13.1, R5.3
to hit shuttle on its base 9.1.4, 13.1, R5.3
misses shuttle = fault 9.3
racket to point downwards 9.1.6, 13.1, R5.3
serving before receiver is ready to receive = let 9.5, 14.5

Service correct
when there is no undue delay 9.1.1
feet stationary 9.1.3
racket hits base of shuttle 9.1.4
racket hits shuttle below server's waist 9.1.5
shaft of racket points discernibly downwards 9.1.6
racket moves continuous 9.1.7
when shuttle goes over net and falls in 9.1.8

Service
ends 9.6, see rally ceases
how and where shuttle must go 9.1.8, 13.1
service judge duties 17.3, R5.2
serve only when receiver is ready 9.5
(not a fault, but see 9.1.1 and 14.5)
delays 9.1.1, 9.5, 13.1
starts with first forward movement of racket head 9.4
delivered 9.6
when not correct = fault 13.1, 9.1
serving side 10.1 (singles)
serving side 11.1 (doubles)
alternative service courts (doubles) 11. 6

Shuttle
general design and weight 2.1-7
synthetic 2.8
how to test for speed and where shuttle must fall 3
disintegrates during play 14.6
caught ON net or IN net AFTER passing over
= let in play 14.3
= fault in service 13.8, 9.1.8
passes through or under net 13.2.2
speed marking zone 3.2 diagrams A and B
not in play 15

Singles
number of players a sideDefinitions
where to serve/receive when score even 10.1
where to serve/receive when score odd 10.2
points when setting 7.4
playing, hit shuttle alternately 10.2
scoring 10.3 (singles)

Suspension of play
16.3
by player 16.7.1

Umpire's duties
uphold and enforce Laws 17.6.1, R3
know the Laws R4.1
call service/line faults if other official unsighted 17.6.6
how to call R3.3-3.3.10, R3.7, Ap4
keep records 17.6.7, R3.3
re appeals, what/when 17.6.2, 17.6.8
in charge of match 17.2, 17.6.1
suspension of play 16.3.1

RECOMMENDATIONS TO COURT OFFICIALS

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 The Recommendations to court officials are issued by the IBF in its desire to standardise the control of the game in all countries and in accordance with its Rules.

1.2 The purpose of these Recommendations is to advise umpires how to control a match firmly and with fairness, without being officious, while ensuring that the Laws of the game are observed. These Recommendations also give guidance to service judges and line judges as to how to carry out their duties.

1.3 All court officials should remember that the game is for the players.
2. OFFICIALS AND THEIR DECISIONS
2.1 The umpire reports to and acts under the authority of the Referee (or the responsible official in the absence of a Referee).

2.2 A service judge is normally appointed by the Referee, but can be removed by the umpire in consultation with the Referee.

2.3 Line judges are normally appointed by the Referee, but a line judge can be removed by the umpire in consultation with the Referee.

2.4 An official's decision is final on all points of fact for which that official is responsible. (Law 17.5)

2.5 When another official is unsighted, the umpire makes the decision. When no decision can be given, a 'let' is called.

2.6 The umpire is in charge of the court and its immediate surroundings. The umpire's jurisdiction exists from entering the court before the match until leaving the court after the match.
3. RECOMMENDATIONS TO UMPIRES
3.1 Before the match, the umpire shall:

3.1.1 obtain the scoresheet from the Referee;

3.1.2 ensure that any scoring device to be used is working;

3.1.3 see that the posts are on the lines or that the tapes are correctly placed;

3.1.4 check the net for the height and ensure that there are no gaps between the ends of the net and the net posts; (it is customary for the umpire to delegate the duties in 3.1.3 and 3.1.4 to the service judge, where one is appointed)

3.1.5 ascertain whether there are any bye-laws regarding the shuttle hitting an obstruction;

3.1.6 ensure that the service judge and line judges know their duties and that they are correctly placed (sections 5 and 6);

3.1.7 ensure that a sufficient quantity of tested shuttles (Law 3) are readily available for the match in order to avoid delays during play; and

3.1.8 check that players' clothing conforms with the relevant Regulations concerning advertising, and ensure that any violations are rectified. Any decision that clothing is in violation of the Regulations (or was nearly so) should be advised to the Referee or appropriate official before the match or, if this is not possible, immediately after the match.

3.2 To start the match, the umpire shall:

3.2.1 ensure that the toss is fairly carried out and that the winning side and the losing side exercise their choice correctly (Law 6);

3.2.2 note, in the case of doubles, the names of the players starting in the right service court. Similar notes must be made at the start of each game . (This enables a check to be made at any time to see if the players are in the correct service court. If, during a game, a player commits a service court error unnoticed so that the players have to stay wrong, change the note accordingly); and

3.2.3 announce the match using the full or abbreviated announcement format, as advised by the Referee. Point to the right or left at the appropriate words in the announcement.

Full format (tournament):

"Ladies and Gentlemen, this is the semi-final (or final) of the Men's Singles (or etc) between on my right 'X' and on my left 'Y'. 'X' to serve; love all; play".

Abbreviated format (tournament):

"Ladies and Gentlemen, on my right 'X' and on my left 'Y'. 'X' to serve; love all; play".

Full format (team event):

"Ladies and Gentlemen, this is the first singles (or etc) of the (eg) Thomas Cup tie between on my right 'A' (country name) represented by 'X' and on my left 'B' represented by 'Y'. 'A' to serve; love all; play". (Refer thereafter only to teams, ie 'A' and 'B' rather than players 'X' and 'Y').

Abbreviated format (team event):

"Ladies and Gentlemen, on my right 'A' represented by 'X' and on my left 'B' represented by 'Y'. 'A' to serve; love all; play".

In doubles, identify server and receiver by announcing:

(tournament): "...... on my right 'W' and 'X' and on my left 'Y' and 'Z'. 'X' to serve to 'Y'; love all; play."

(team event): "...... on my right 'A' represented by 'W' and 'X' and on my left 'B' represented by 'Y' and 'Z' . 'A' to serve; 'X' to 'Y'; love all; play".

3.3 During the match the umpire shall record and call the score.

3.3.1 Always call the server's score first.

3.3.2 In singles, when a player loses the right to continue serving, call

"Service over"

followed by the score in favour of the new server.

3.3.3 In doubles, at the beginning of a game call the score only and continue to do so as long as the first player serves. When the right to serve is lost, call

"Service over"

followed by the score in favour of the new server. When the first server loses the right to serve, call the score, followed by

"Second server"

Continue this as long as the second player serves. When a side loses the right to serve, call

"Service over"

followed by the score in favour of the new server.

3.3.4 When a side reaches 14, or in the case of ladies' singles 10, call on the first occasion only in each game

"Game point" or "Match point"

where applicable. If a further game or match point occurs after setting, call it again on the first occasion. "Game point" (or "match point"), where applicable, should always immediately follow the server's score and precede the receiver's score.

When the score reaches 14-all (10-all), call on the first occasion only in each game, and before asking if the side wishes to set

"14 game point all" or "14 match point all" ("10 game point all" or "10 match point all")

as appropriate.

3.3.5 "Play" should only be called by the umpire:

to indicate that a match or a game is about to start, or that a game after changing ends, is to continue;

to indicate that play is to resume after a break; or

to indicate that the umpire is instructing players to resume play.

3.3.6 "Fault" should be called when a 'fault' occurs, except as follows:

a 'fault' called by the service judge under Laws 9.1 to 9.3 which should be recognised by calling 'Service fault called';

a fault occurring under Law 13.21, for which the line judge's call or signal suffices;

and 'faults' occurring under Laws 13.2.2 or 13.2.3 which should only be called if clarification is needed for players or spectators.

3.3.7 When appropriate, ask the relevant player (side)

"Are you setting?"

and, if the answer is affirmative, call:

"Setting to 17 (13)"; (and "second server" - if appropriate)

or, if the answer is negative, call:

"Game not set; playing to 15 (11)".
When the game is set, call:

"Setting to 17 (13), 14 (10) - all" the first time and then

"14 (10) - all" (and "second server" - if appropriate) at all subsequent calls, until the score changes.

3.3.8 At the end of every game, "game" must always be called immediately the conclusive rally has ended, regardless of applause. Where appropriate this constitutes the start of any interval allowed under Law 16.2.

After first game call:

"First game won by ......[name(s) of player(s), or team (in a team event)] ...[score]".

After second game call:

"Second game won by ...... [name(s) of player(s), or team (in a team event) ...[score]".

If a game wins the match, call instead:

"Match won by ...... [name(s) of player(s), or team (in a team event)] ......[scores]".

3.3.9 In the interval between first and second game, after 70 seconds have elapsed call:

"[Court ...] 20 seconds". Repeat the call.

In the interval between the first and second game each side may be joined on court by no more than two persons. These persons shall join the side after ends have been changed, and shall leave the court when the umpire calls "... 20 seconds".

To start the second game, call:

"Second game, love all, play".

3.3.10 If there is to be a third game, call:

"One game all" immediately after the call in Recommendation 3.3.8.

If a five minute interval is being claimed, call:

"[Court ... ] , a five minute interval".

After three minutes have elapsed, call:

"[Court ... ] , two minutes." Repeat the call.

After four minutes have elapsed, call:

"[Court ... ] , one minute." Repeat the call.

To start the third game, call:

"Final game; love all; play".

3.3.11 In the third game, or in a match of one game, call the score followed by "Change ends" when the leading score reaches 6 or 8, as appropriate (Law 8.1.3).

Once the players have changed ends the score should be repeated, followed by "play".

3.3.12 At the end of the match immediately take the completed scoresheet to the Referee.

3.4 If a service judge is appointed, the umpire shall especially watch the receiver.

3.5 The umpire should always look to the line judge(s) when the shuttle lands close to a line and always when the shuttle lands out, however far. The line judge is entirely responsible for the decision.

3.6 During the match the umpire shall:

3.6.1 if possible, keep aware of the status of any scoring device; and

3.6.2 when the shuttle lands outside a line for which the umpire is responsible in the absence of a line judge, or if the line judge is unsighted, call:

"Out"

before calling the score.

3.7 During the match the umpire shall use the standard vocabulary in Appendix 4 of the Laws of Badminton.

3.8 During the match the following situations should be watched for and dealt with as detailed:

3.8.1 A player sliding under the net (and who also thereby obstructs or distracts an opponent), or throwing a racket into the opponent's court should be faulted under Law 13.4.3 or 13.4.23 respectively.

3.8.2 A player shouting to a partner who is about to hit the shuttle should not necessarily be regarded as distracting the opponents. Calling 'no shot', 'fault', etc should be considered a distraction.

3.8.3 Coaching during a match from off court should be prevented. If this cannot be controlled by the umpire, the Referee should be informed immediately.

3.8.4 Players going off court to wipe their hands etc; if play is not held up, this is acceptable, but, if one side is ready to play, the offending side may have to be reminded that leaving the court needs the umpire's permission (Law 16.5.2). If necessary, Law 16.8 should be applied.

3.8.5 Changing the shuttle during the match should not be unfair. If both sides agree to the change, there should be no objection by the umpire. If only one side wishes to change the shuttle, the umpire should take the decision, having the shuttle tested if necessary.

3.8.6 Law 13.6; a double hit by one player with one stroke is not a 'fault'.

3.9 Ensure that players do not leave the court without the umpire's permission. However, a change of a racket at courtside during a rally is permitted.

3.10 Injury or sickness during a match must be handled carefully and flexibly. The umpire must determine the severity of the problem as quickly as possible. Normally, the only people that should be allowed on court are a doctor or paramedic and the Referee.

The opposing side must not be put at a disadvantage and Laws 16.4, 16.5, 16.7.1, and 16.8 should be applied appropriately.

When appropriate, because of injury, illness or other unavoidable hindrance, ask the player;

"Are you retiring?"

and if the answer is affirmative, call

"Match won by...[name of player/team] ... [scores]"

3.11 If play has to be suspended, call:

"Play is suspended"

and record the score, server, receiver, correct service court and ends.

When play resumes call:

"Are you ready?"

call the score (and, if appropriate, "first server") and

"Play".

3.12 A shuttle whose speed or flight has been interfered with should be discarded.

3.13 Misconduct.

3.13.1

Record and report to the Referee any incidents of misconduct and the action taken.

3.13.2

Misconduct between games is treated as misconduct during a game. The umpire announces his decision at the start of the following game.

3.13.3

If Law 16.8 is to be applied, call

"Come here"

to the offending player and call

"...... [name of player], warning for misconduct"

or

"...... [name of player], fault for misconduct"

at the same time raising the right hand above your head.
4. GENERAL ADVICE ON UMPIRING
This section gives general advice which should be followed.

4.1 Know and understand the Laws of badminton.

4.2 Call promptly and with authority, but, if a mistake is made, admit it, apologise and correct it.

4.3 All announcements and calling of the score must be done distinctly and loudly enough to be heard clearly by players and spectators.

4.4 When a doubt arises in your mind as to whether an infringement of the Laws has occurred or not, "fault" should not be called and the game allowed to proceed.

4.5 Never ask spectators nor be influenced by them or their remarks.

4.6 Motivate your other court officials, eg by discreetly acknowledging the decisions of line judges and establishing a working relationship with them.
5. INSTRUCTIONS TO SERVICE JUDGES
5.1 The service judge shall sit on a low chair by the post, preferably opposite the umpire.

5.2 The service judge is responsible for judging that the server delivers a correct service (Laws 9.1 to 9.3). If not, call 'fault' loudly and use the approved hand signal to indicate the type of infringement.

5.3 The approved hand signals are:
Law 9.1.6
At the instant of hitting the shuttle,
hit, tthe shaft of the racket not
pointing in a downward direction
to such an extent that the whole
of the head of the racket is
discernibly below the whole of
the server's hand holding the racket.
Law 9.1.5
Whole of the shuttle
not below the server's
waist at the moment
of being struck.
Laws 9.1.1, 9.4 and 9.1.7
Undue delay to the delivery of
the service. Once the players have
taken their positions, the first
forward movement of the server's
racket head is the start of the service.
The movement of the racket must
continue forwards.
Law 9.1.2 and 9.1.3
Some part of both feet
not in the service court
and in a stationary
position until the service
is delivered.
Law 9.1.4
Initial point of
contact with
the shuttle not
on the base of
the shuttle.

5.4 The umpire may arrange with the service judge any extra duties to be undertaken, provided that the players are so advised.
6. INSTRUCTIONS TO LINE JUDGES
6.1 Line judges should be sited on chairs in prolongation of their lines at the ends and sides of the court and preferably at the side opposite to the umpire. (See diagrams).

6.2 A line judge is entirely responsible for the line(s) assigned. If the shuttle lands out, no matter how far, call "out" promptly in a clear voice, loud enough to be heard by the players and the spectators and, at the same time, signal by extending both arms horizontally so that the umpire can see clearly.

If the shuttle falls in, the line judge shall say nothing, but point to the line with the right hand.
X Position of line judges X Position of line judges
Where practical, it is recommended that the line judges' position be 2.5 to 3.5 metres from the court boundaries and, in any arrangement, the line judges' positions be protected from encroachment by any outside influence, eg by photographers.

Where practical, it is recommended that the line judges' position be 2.5 to 3.5 metres from the court boundaries and, in any arrangement, the line judges' positions be protected from encroachment by any outside influence, eg by photographers.

6.3 If unsighted, inform the umpire immediately by putting both hands up to cover the eyes.
SHUTTLE IS OUT
6.4 Do not call or signal until the shuttle has touched the floor.
SHUTTLE IS IN
6.5 Calls should always be made, and no anticipation made of umpiring decisions, eg that the shuttle hit a player.
IF UNSIGHTED
If the shuttle lands out, no matter
how far, call "out" promptly
in a clear voice, loud enough to
be heard by the players and the|
spectators and, at the same time,
signal by extending both arms
horizontally so that the umpire
can see clearly.

If the shuttle lands in,
say nothing, but point
to the line with your
right hand.

If unsighted, inform
the umpire immediately
by holding your hands
to cover your eyes.

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L AW 1. Court & court equipment 2. Shuttle 3. Testing a shuttle for speed 4. Racket 5. Equipment compliance 6. Toss 7. Scoring system 8. Change of ends 9. Service 10. Singles 11. Doubles 12. Service court errors 13. Faults 14. Lets 15. Shuttle not in play 16.

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1A 8.1 Body not on the breast (except when executing a turn)

1D 8.2 Arms not brought backward simultaneously

1B 8.2 Arms not brought forward together

1C 8.2 Arms not brought forward over the water

1G 8.3 Breaststroke kick used (legal in Masters' Competitions)

1E 8.3 Movements of the legs not simultaneous

1F 8.3 Alternating movement of legs or feet

1H 8.4 Did not touch at turn or finish with both hands, or touch not simultaneous

1I 8.5 More than one arm pull under water (following start or turn)

1J 8.5 Head did not break the surface at or before 15m mark following start or turn

1K 8.5 Not on surface during stroke (except first 15m following start or turn)

Backstroke

2A 6.2 Left position on the back (other than to initiate a turn)

2B 6.3 Totally submerged, (except for first 15m following the start or turn or at the finish

2C 6.4 Not on back when leaving the wall

2F 6.4 More than one single or double simultaneous arm pull used to initiate the turn

2D 6.4 Did not touch the wall during the turn

2E 6.5 Not on the back at finish

Breaststroke

3D 7.1 Single fly kick not performed during the 1st arm stroke or followed by a breast kick

3B 7.2 Stroke cycle not one arm stroke to one leg kick

3C 7.2 Arm movements not simultaneous or not in the same horizontal plane

3A 7.2 Body not on the breast

3E 7.3 Hands not pushed forward together from the breast on, under, or over the water

3F 7.3 Elbows over water except last stroke before turn, during turn or final stroke at finish

3Q 7.3 Hands not brought back on or under surface of the water

3G 7.3 Hands brought back beyond hip line (except after 1st stroke following start or turn)

3H 7.4 Head not breaking surface during stroke cycle (except after start & turn)

3I 7.4 Head did not break surface before hands turn inward at widest point in 2 nd stroke after start or on turn

3K 7.4 Leg movements not simultaneous (alternating leg movement)

3L 7.4 Leg movements not on the same plane

3N 7.5 Executed scissors, flutter, or downward fly kick (except after start or after turn: SW7.1)

3M 7.5 Feet not turned out during the propulsive part of the kick

3P 7.6 Head not breaking surface during the last complete or incomplete cycle preceding touch

3O 7.6 Did not touch at turn or finish with both hands, or touch not simultaneous

4A 5.2 Did not touch the wall at the turn or finish

4B 5.3 Totally submerged (except for the first 15m at start and turn)

4C 5.3 Head did not break surface at or before 15m mark following start or turn

5A 9.1 Incorrect individual stroke order (Fly, Back, Breast, Free)

5B 9.3 Finish of each stroke not in accordance with rules for the particular stroke

6A 9.2 Incorrect medley relay order (Back, Breast, Fly, Free)

62 10.1 Stroke Infraction swimmer #2

61 10.1 Stroke Infraction swimmer #1

63 10.1 Stroke Infraction swimmer #3

64 10.1 Stroke Infraction swimmer #4

6C 10.10 Fewer than four swimmers in a relay team

66 10.11 Swimmer #2 feet lost touch with starting place before preceding team-mate touches

67 10.11 Swimmer #3 feet lost touch with starting place before preceding team-mate touches

68 10.11 Swimmer #4 feet lost touch with starting place before preceding team-mate touches

6D 10.12 Team member enters water during race not to swim their length

6B 10.13 Team swum in incorrect order to that previously nominated

Miscellaneous

7A 2.3.2 Delaying the start

7B 4.4 Start before starting signal

7C 10.2 A swimmer did not cover the whole distance - DNF

7J 10.3 Swimmer did not remain and finish in lane in which he/she started

7D 10.4 No contact with wall during turn or turn not made from wall or took stride/step from bottom

7E 10.5 Walks during freestyle events or during the freestyle portion of the medley

7F 10.6 Pulled on the lane rope

7G 10.7 Obstructing or interfering with another swimmer - foul

7H 10.8 Device or swimsuit aiding speed, buoyancy, endurance or unauthorized use o f tape on body

7K 10.9 Swimmer enters water during an event in which he/she is not scheduled to swim

7L 10.14 Obstructing another swimmer/team when leaving pool after completion of relay leg or race

7I 10.16 Pacemaking, plan or device or instruction given

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pulled on the lane rope

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neither side shall cause undue delay to the delivery of the service once server and receiver have taken up their respective positions