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https://www.space.com/22534-canadian-space-agency.html#:~:text=Major%20CSA%20milestones%20in%20the,in%201999)%20and%20the%20first

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Canadian Space Agency: Facts & Information

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The Canadian Space Agency (CSA) is famous for Canadarm, a series of robotic arms used on the space shuttle and the International Space Station. CSA's Jeremy Hansen will fly to the moon on Artemis 2.

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https://science.nasa.gov/jupiter/facts/

https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-059C#:~:text=Four%20landing%20legs%20with%20round,astronaut%20egress%20platform%20and%20ladder.

https://magellan.aero/product/rockets/black-brant/

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The following list highlights significant dates of the Canadian space history as well as major events and news of interest related to Canada's activities in space.

1839

Sir Edward Sabine establishes the first magnetic observatory at the University of Toronto, to study the proposition made by Edmund Halley in 1716 that northern lights were formed according to the Earth's magnetic field. Sabine is first to determine that magnetic disturbances occur worldwide and are related to the number and strength of sunspots.

This same year, the Meteorological Service of Canada is set up, also at the University of Toronto.

1882-1883

The First International Polar Year, organized on an international basis, includes measurements of meteorological, magnetic, and auroral phenomena in northern Canada.

1932-1933

Second International Polar Year ( IPY).

Canada participates by establishing measurement field stations of meteorological, magnetic and auroral phenomena beyond the Arctic Circle. New technology, unknown during the first IPY 50 years earlier, makes use of radio-equipped balloons and kites to extend measurements high above the Earth's surface.

Radio techniques are used for the first time in Canada to demonstrate the correlation between solar radiation and the ionosphere.

1952

The Defence Research Board, founded five years earlier, merges two National Research Council laboratories (Radio Propagation Lab and Electronics Lab) into the Defense Research Telecommunications Establishment in Shirley's Bay, west of Ottawa. The latter is the predecessor of the Communications Research Centre.

1954

The Defence Research Board builds the Defence Research Medical Laboratories in Downsview, Ontario, that merges, in 1971, with the Royal Canadian Air Force Institute of Aviation Medicine, to form the Defense and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine ( DCIEM).

1957-1958

International Geophysical Year.
From July 1957 to December 1958, is a period of maximum solar activity, and the science community worldwide conducts research to better understand Earth's physics and the interactions between the Sun and our planet.

During this period, Canada and the U.S. build the Churchill Research Range in northern Manitoba, for launching suborbital sounding rockets that will probe the upper atmosphere. Until it is decommissioned in 1989, more than 3,500 suborbital flights are launched there.

1962

September 29, 1962
With the Alouette launch, Canada became the third nation, after the Russian and American superpowers, to design and build its own satellite. Alouette 1 was launched on a Thor-Agena B rocket at Vandenberg Air Force Base in California on an 80-degree-inclination orbit, at an altitude of 1000 km. (Official local date of the launch is September 28, 10:30 p.m., PDT.) Designed with a one-year lifetime, the topside sounder will transmit useful data for over 10 years. It studies the ionosphere, the electrically-charged layer of the upper atmosphere that can affect long-distance radio transmission. Alouette 2 is launched on November 29, 1965.

1965

November 29, 1965
A Thor-Agena B rocket launches Canada's Alouette 2 from Vandenberg AFB, to continue ionospheric research from space. This first of the (International Satellites for Ionospheric Studies) scientific satellites will compile useful data on the ionosphere for almost 10 years. It was designed and built by Canada, but launched by NASA.

1969

January 30, 1969
Launch of . More sophisticated than the Alouette spacecraft, ISIS is designed to make a comprehensive study of the upper section of the ionosphere, and to capture the first picture of the aurora borealis (northern lights) from space. Launch of ISIS 2 on March 31, 1971.

July 20, 1969
At 10:56 p.m. ( EDT) on this historic Sunday, U.S. astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, commander of mission Apollo 11, becomes the first man to set foot on the Moon. Fifteen minutes later, Buzz Aldrin climbs down the ladder of the lunar module to join his commander. Using a landing gear built by Héroux Aerospace of Longueuil, Quebec, the Eagle had touched down more than six hours earlier (4:17 p.m.) in the Sea of Tranquility. Apollo 11, is launched July 16, and splashes down on the Pacific Ocean on July 24.

1971

March 31, 1971
Launch of the scientific satellite on a Thor-Delta rocket, to continue ionospheric studies performed the two Alouette spacecrafts and ISIS I. In 1984, years after all Canadian research needs have been fulfilled, the operation of the two ISIS spacecraft is transferred to Japan for additional research.

1974

NASA awards Canada the responsibility of designing, developing, and building the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS) for the Space Shuttle. The result is Canadarm, the 15-metre robotic arm. Canada also invests $100 million for its development contributing the first unit to the space shuttle program. Four other Canadarms are ordered from industrial main contractor Spar Aerospace Limited of Brampton, Ontario.

1976

January 17, 1976
The experimental CTS (Communications Technology Satellite), is named Hermes upon launch, by Science Minister Jeanne Sauvé. The most powerful satellite of the time, Hermes is the first communications satellite to operate in the 14/12- GHz frequency band. In four years of joint operation with the United States, Hermes explores new ways of using satellite technology and paves the way for the development of future direct broadcast satellites.

1978

June 26, 1978
NASA launches the oceanography satellite Seasat, the first civilian satellite with synthetic aperture radar. Canada sets up the Sursat (Surveillance Satellite) program to use its imagery data. Based on this experience, planning begins for RADARSAT.

1980

Canada signs an agreement with European Space Agency to participate in the development and exploitation of Olympus, the largest hybrid communications satellite launched by Western countries. Canada, with an 11% stake in the Olympus program, will supply solar panels, amplifiers, hyperfrequency components, and support assembly, integration and testing at the David Florida Laboratory of the $1-billion spacecraft.

In July, during their annual meeting, the leaders of Canada and other G7 countries agree to create CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites).

1984

October 5-13, 1984
Astronaut Marc Garneau becomes the first Canadian in space on mission STS-41G aboard Challenger. As a Payload Specialist, he is responsible for CANEX-1, a set of Canadian experiments. On this mission, Canadarm is operated for the ninth time on a space shuttle flight.

1986

May 7, 1986
Canada and Japan sign in Tokyo an Agreement on Science and Technology Cooperation between the two countries.

The National Research Council of Canada creates a Space Division to manage the Canadian Astronaut Program Office (the Astronaut Office is now part of the Canadian Space Agency) and Canada's new Space Station Program.

1988

On the same day in Washington, D.C., Canada, the European Space Agency, Japan, and the United States sign multilateral and bilateral agreements that officially launch the Freedom International Space Station Program.

1990

January 19, 1990
Canadian Space Agency Astronaut Roberta Bondar is selected to be a Payload Specialist on mission , a Spacelab mission aboard Discovery that will launch to space January 22, 1992 (see below).

The same day, a Canadian Black Brant 5 suborbital rocket lifts off the White Sands range, in New Mexico, to launch the COBRA (cosmic background radiation) astronomy payload. This Canadian experiment, which consists of a particle detector to measure fossil radiations resulting from the original Big Bang explosion, confirms discoveries made earlier by U.S. astronomy satellite COBE (cosmic background explorer).

2000

November 30, 2000
Marc Garneau , first Canadian to ever go to space, embarks on his third space mission as a crew member of STS-97. STS-97 features the installation of the first of four pairs of huge solar power arrays on the International Space Station. The 12-day mission is the Canadian Space Agency ( CSA) Astronaut Marc Garneau 's third-a record for Canadian astronauts at that time.

2001

April 19 to May 1, 2001
Launch of Space Shuttle Endeavour CSA Astronaut Chris Hadfield, on the STS-100, to deliver Canadarm2 to the International Space Station. Chris Hadfield becomes the first Canadian to perform an Extra Vehicular Activity, or spacewalk.

September 28, 2001
Marc Garneau becomes President of the Canadian Space Agency.The Honourable Brian Tobin announces Garneau's appointment, effective November 22, 2001.

December 5, 2001
Space Shuttle Endeavour, launched December 5 carries a double dose of Canadian science towards the International Space Station ( ISS). The innovative Extra-Vehicular Activity Radiation Monitors (EVARM) experiment is used to measure the amount of radiation astronauts receive during spacewalks. The Hoffman-Reflex experiment, or H-Reflex is flying for the third time on a shuttle mission to the Station. H-Reflex measures how human reflexes are affected by microgravity.

2004

The Canadian Space Agency is celebrating the third anniversary of the launch and activation of OSIRIS onboard the Swedish satellite Odin. OSIRIS is a Canadian instrument that continues to capture precise data on ozone depletion. The scientific mission, with partners Sweden, Finland and France, is completing its third year and the instrument and satellite are continuing to perform very well.

At the IAC 2004 world space conference, Marc Garneau , then President of the Canadian Space Agency, and Jean-Jacques Dordain, Director General of the European Space Agency, highlight 25 years of collaboration between Canada and Europe.

October 6, 2004
The 20 th anniversary of historic space flight of Marc Garneau, the first Canadian to go to space is celebrated in Vancouver during the International Astronautical Congress.

October 7, 2004
Canadian Space Agency marks beginning of breakthrough satellite services for Canadians

The world's largest commercial communications satellite, Telesat's Anik F2, begins full operations following final in-orbit testing.

2005

Two of Canada's finest space pioneers, Larry Clarke and John D. MacNaughton are presented the John H. Chapman Award of Excellence. The award acknowledges those who have contributed to the advancement of the Canadian Space Program through a lifetime of achievement in space science and technology.

Canada, the U.S., the U.K. and Mexico conduct an unusual experiment using a 2,000-kg telescope attached to a huge helium balloon flying at 38,000 metres. BLAST (Balloon-borne Large Aperture Sub-millimetre Telescope) stares deep into the sky to study distant stars and galaxies. From Kiruna, Sweden BLAST flies for five days before reaching Inuvik.

The Canadian Space Agency will provide a fine guidance sensor and a tuneable filter for NASA's next-generation space telescope.

The fine guidance sensor supplied by Canada is essential to the success of the mission. It will track the positions of very faint stars with great accuracy so that the James Webb Space Telescope ( JWST) can be pointed steadily while its other instruments generate high-quality images.

2006

Canadian Space Agency astronaut Dr. Dave Williams is commander of the 18-day underwater NEEMO 9 mission off Key Largo, Florida. Williams and his crew conduct experiments using the latest remote surgical technologies and techniques, guided by Dr. Mehran Anvari, director of the Centre for Minimal Access Surgery ( CMAS) in Hamilton, Ontario. The NEEMO 9 mission demonstrates and evaluates innovative remote medical care technologies and procedures.

September 9, 2006
Canadian Space Agency Astronaut Steve MacLean launches successfully onboard Space Shuttle Atlantis at 11:15 a.m. ( EDT) from the Kennedy Space Center. The crew of mission STS-115 resumed assembly of the International Space Station, which had halted after the grounding of NASA's Shuttle fleet in 2003. They deliver and install new truss segments and solar arrays on this mission, doubling the power capacity of the International Space Station.

Although this is his second space flight, mission STS-115 is the first visit to the station for Steve MacLean and his first opportunity to perform a spacewalk. The Canadian astronaut operates the Shuttle's Canadian-made robotic arm and extension boom to help inspect the surface and tiles of the spacecraft for signs of damage that may have occurred during launch. MacLean also becomes the first Canadian to operate the Station's Canadarm2 and the Mobile Base System in space as his crewmate hand over the new set of solar arrays to him using the Shuttle's Canadarm.

2007

Five NASA satellites are launched from Cape Canaveral to form a constellation over northern Canada every four days to gather scientific data about the aurora borealis. A network of 20 observatories record the same phenomenon from the ground. The Canadian Space Agency is supporting THEMIS ground operations in Canada. THEMIS is a NASA-funded mission led by researchers at the University of California at Berkeley and involves scientists from the U.S., Canada, and Europe. The mission investigates what causes auroras in the Earth's atmosphere to dramatically change from slowly shimmering waves of light to wildly shifting streaks of colour.

April 12, 2007
Laurier (Larry) Boisvert is appointed president of the Canadian Space Agency following a long career at Telesat from which he retired in 2006. During ghis career, Mr. Boisvert worked 34 years in the satellite industry.

STS-118 Space Shuttle Endeavour launches from the Kennedy Space Center, Florida to the ISS. Canadian Space Agency Astronaut Dave Williams conducts 3 spacewalks during the 22nd Shuttle mission to the Station. The flight will deliver and attach the S5 starboard truss. Barbara Morgan, NASA's Educator Astronaut makes this a high profile mission.

2008

March 11, 2008
Dextre Launch
Dextre, Canada's latest contribution to the robotics systems on the International Space Station, is launched with Space Shuttle Endeavour from the Kennedy Space Center

This historic mission STS-123 completed the Mobile Servicing System, which includes Canadarm2 and the Mobile Base System.

The two-armed specialized robot is to play a critical role in operations and maintenance outside the Space Station. It can remove and replace components that require precise handling, reducing the amount of time that astronauts must spend outside the Station and leaving them more time to perform scientific experiments aboard the space laboratory.

Like Canadarm2 and the Mobile Base System, Dextre can be controlled from a workstation inside the Station or by controllers on the ground in mission control centres in Houston, Texas and at Canadian Space Agency headquarters in Longueuil, Quebec. Astronauts, cosmonauts, and controllers are trained to operate the Mobile Servicing Systems elements at the Agency's simulation facilities in Longueuil.

May 22, 2008
The Canadian Space Agency officially launches its national astronaut recruitment campaign on May 22, 2008, to select astronauts to join its Canadian Astronaut Corps

Those selected by the Canadian Space Agency will take part in long-duration spaceflights on the International Space Station. Among their tasks, astronauts will help assemble and maintain the Station and conduct scientific and industrial research enhancing our quality of life on Earth.

By May 2009, two candidates taken from this process will be selected and begin their training to represent Canada in future space exploration missions, including long-duration spaceflights on the International Space Station.

NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander carrying Canada's meteorological station successfully touches down in the Arctic region of Mars, where it begins a planned 90-day science mission. Its 2.35-metre robotic arm allows it to dig for clues about the history of water on Mars, as well as the soil's potential for harbouring life. Canada's meteorological station will help accurately model Mars's climate and predict future weather processes. This information may improve understanding of Earth's dynamic Polar Regions by comparing the two planets. The meteorological ( MET) station is designed to track the weather and climate on Mars. The mission marks the first time Canadian technology has landed on the surface of another planet.

The Canadian Space Agency announces that MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. ( MDA) is awarded a 16-month contract valued at $40 million to begin the design of the RADARSAT Constellation Mission (RCM).

The RADARSAT Constellation is the evolution of the RADARSAT Program and will ensure the continued use by government scientific and commercial clients of data produced by Canada's advanced C-band radar instrument.

As part of the mission, the three-satellite configuration will provide complete daily coverage of Canada's land and oceans as well as significant coverage of international areas for Canadian and international users.

2010

On April 8, 2010, a Russian Dnepr rocket successfully launched at 9:57 (DST) from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan carrying aboard the satellite CryoSat-2.

CryoSat-2, a European Space Agency (ESA) satellite was placed into orbit 700 km above the Earth to measure the change and thickness of ice in the Arctic.

Through partial funding provided by the Canadian Space Agency ( CSA), Canadian scientists and researchers contribute to this mission by analyzing and validating data captured by the satellite.

Canada's Earth Observation Program made a giant leap on November 4, 1995 when RADARSAT-1 was launched and placed into orbit some 800 kilometres above the Earth. This event marked the beginning of the RADARSAT Program, an initiative that continues to deliver outstanding service to Canada and the world - for the past 15 years and counting.

RADARSAT-1 maps the world, capturing images day and night in all weather conditions. RADARSAT-1 provides images used in ice services, cartography, agriculture, oceanography, hydrology and forestry. Its data is also used to support safety, sovereignty and security especially in the arctic and in surveillance of Canada's coastal approaches. RADARSAT-1 is a critical space asset supporting emergency response, rescue, humanitarian aid and relief efforts both here in Canada and around the world, through the International Charter: Space and Major Disasters.

2012

February 2, 2012
AuroraMAX Connects to the International Space Station

ISS astronauts Don Pettit and Dan Burbank were on standby for six weeks to photograph the Northern Lights for AuroraMAX, a public engagement initiative dedicated to promoting the science and the splendour of the aurora borealis. AuroraMAX is a collaboration between the University of Calgary, the City of Yellowknife, Astronomy North and the Canadian Space Agency, and features an online observatory that broadcasts the aurora live from Yellowknife, Northwest Territories.

The government announces on February 29 Canada's intention to renew its commitment to the International Space Station ( ISS). The Government of Canada also unveils two unique space projects, MicroFlow and Lab on a CD, designed to accelerate how patients are diagnosed, in space and on Earth.

Lab on a CD is a prototype of an ultrafast, highly sensitive and fully automated medical diagnostic test unit. The technology is close to a major breakthrough: real-time diagnostics of infectious diseases at the patient's point of care. Lab on a CD can perform sophisticated genetic analysis of samples in just minutes.

The goal of Microflow is to test a is a novel fibre-optic approach, enabling the realization of a miniaturized, portable and robust cytometer technology. This technology is ideal for use in space and in-field terrestrial bioanalysis. The Microflow test platform is introduced on the ISS with Canadian Space Agency Astronaut Chris Hadfield, in December 2012.

The heads of the International Space Station (ISS) agencies from Canada, Europe, Japan, Russia and the United States meet in Québec City, Canada, on March 1, 2012, to review the scientific, technological, and social benefits being produced through their collaboration, and to discuss plans for further broadening these benefits by continuing to advance the human exploration of space.

In reviewing the history of ISS development and the recent transition to a productive research and applications phase, three major areas of success are discussed: the historic engineering achievements, the unprecedented international partnership, and the ongoing progress being made through science. The heads noted that human exploration of space continues to yield valuable benefits to society and is strengthening partnerships among space-faring nations.

On March 7, 2012 Dextre, the Canadian Space Agency's ( CSA) most dexterous robot tackled a new task. CSA and NASA launch a joint project called the Robotic Refueling Mission (RRM). The demonstration used Dextre, the CSA's robotic handyman on board the International Space Station ( ISS) to test how satellites could be refueled in space even if they were not designed to be.

Dextre, the Canadian Space Agency's robotic handyman on board the International Space Station (ISS), accomplishes the most intricate work ever performed by a robot in space. Over three days (March 7-9, 2012), Dextre successfully concludes the initial phases of the Robotic Refueling Mission with unprecedented precision. A collaboration between NASA and the Canadian Space Agency, the Robotic Refueling Mission was designed to demonstrate the ability of using robots to refuel and service existing satellites in space-especially those not designed for repair. The mission also marks the first time Dextre is used for a technology research and development demonstration on board the Station.

June 15, 2012
The French Space Agency (CNES) identifies a Canadian site for the launch of space science balloons. The initiative will provide Canadian scientists and engineers with a new experiment platform in Timmins, Ontario.

August 6, 2012
The Mars Science Laboratory (NASA) touched down on the Red Planet. The mission's rover, dubbed Curiosity, carries a Canadian instrument. Known as the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer, the device will probe the chemistry of rocks and soil on Mars.

2014

February 7, 2014
Government Unveils Canada's Space Policy Framework

Canada's Space Policy Framework will serve as a guide for Canada's strategic activities and future in space, ensuring a strong and commercially competitive space industry that will continue to inspire Canadians for years to come. The framework is based on 5 principles for the future:

1. Canada First

2. Using space to strengthen our economy

3. Working together globally

4. Promoting Canadian innovation

5. Inspiring Canadians

Related links:

Suitcase-sized space telescope wraps up observing after more than a decade of discoveries
After more than ten years of studying the Universe, the Canadian Microvariability and Oscillation of STars (MOST) mission will come to an end on September 9, 2014, having exceeded its objectives.
Related links about MOST

June 9, 2014
Unveiling of the Canada from Space Giant Floor Map for Canadian Classrooms

Following the unveiling at the ( CASM) in Ottawa of the Canada from Space Giant Floor Map, schools across Canada can use this new resource to help students to better understand the important role space and Earth Observation satellites play in their daily lives. The maps and teaching tools also strengthen students' geographical knowledge by locating on the map unique images of Canada taken by Canadian astronaut Chris Hadfield from the International Space Station.This project is part of a collaboration between CASM, the Royal Canadian Geographical Society ( RCGS) and the Canadian Space Agency.
Related links:

Canada, through the Canadian Space Agency ( CSA), is investing in Canadian innovation that will play a key role in the first-ever global survey of surface water
Related links about SWOT:

Canadian industry, universities and students from across the country will test their experiments in a near space environment, thanks to the Canadian Space Agency's stratospheric balloon program, Stratos
Related links:

The NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations, known as NEEMO, sends groups of astronauts, engineers, doctors and professional divers to live in Aquarius, an underwater habitat located about 19 metres below the surface, 5.6 km off Key Largo in the Florida Keys. The undersea environment is the closest analogue on Earth to a gravity-weak environment like that of asteroids, the moons of Mars or Mars itself, making it the best place to test relevant exploration concepts.

The Canadian Space Agency ( CSA) participates in the 65th International Astronautical Congress (IAC) taking place in Toronto from September 29 to October 3, 2014.

The IAC is the premier and most comprehensive annual space conference in the world covering all areas of space activities. The conference attracts thousands of international participants from industry, academia and government. In addition to plenary and technical sessions, the IAC includes a large-scale exhibition where countries showcase their national capabilities and interests, and industries promote their products and services. Operating under the theme "Our World Needs Space," this year's Congress is hosted by the Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute ( CASI).

On September 30, 2014, the Royal Canadian Mint proudly celebrates the 25th anniversary of the Canadian Space Agency ( CSA), with a unique silver collector coin featuring an achromatic hologram bringing the CSA's accomplishments to life.

2015

Université de Sherbrooke, Université SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) is a NASA mission that helps track agricultural productivity and flood risk, and improve weather predictions. The Canadian Space Agency ( CSA) is funding five Canadian universities (University of Toronto, University of Guelph, University of Manitoba, INRS-Québec) that are working on the mission under the leadership of Environment Canada and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. SMAP measures the amount of water in the top 5 cm of soil everywhere on Earth's surface. The data improves the representation of energy, water and carbon cycles in Canadian environmental analysis and prediction systems using soil moisture and freeze/thaw data. NASA plans to release the first verified soil moisture data maps by May 2016 and verified freeze/thaw maps by July 2016.
More information about SMAP

SpaceX launches its commercial resupply ship, Dragon, to the International Space Station ( ISS). Dragon carries 600,000 tomato seeds to the ISS on behalf of the Tomatosphere educational project, led by the University of Guelph and Let's Talk Science. Dragon also carries an upgrade to the Canadian Space Agency ( CSA) instruments for Osteo-4, an experiment which may lead to a better understanding of osteoporosis and other diseases on Earth, and advance the search for countermeasures. The improved device will eventually be returned to the CSA, allowing Canadian scientists to pursue their research on bone loss in space. In order to upgrade eOsteo, CALM Technologies subcontracted Xiphos Systems Corporation for a data processor card known as Q6 card. The DRAGON spacecraft also carries JCAP--a device built by MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd.--an adapter plate that will allow the Station's crew to transfer spare parts from the inside of the ISS to the exterior through a sliding table in the Japanese airlock. Once outside, replacement parts can be retrieved robotically by either Canadarm2 or Dextre, thereby reducing the need for astronauts to conduct spacewalks for routine maintenance tasks. CSA astronaut David Saint-Jacques works as lead Capcom for this flight. A Capcom acts as a bridge between the Flight Control team in Mission Control and the astronauts in space.

Cygnus lifts off on December 6 on its way to the International Space Station ( ISS). The resupply ship arrives on December 9 and is captured by Canadarm2.

The Cygnus resupply craft carries the MARROW and Vascular Echo Canadian experiments to the ISS. Concerning MARROW: Microgravity in space, like prolonged bed rest on Earth, has negative effects on the bone marrow and the blood cells it produces. The new findings may help minimize the impact for the astronauts as well as the consequences of decreased physical activity on Earth, particularly for the rehabilitation of bedridden patients, people with limited mobility and senior citizens. Vascular Echo: Previous Canadian Space Agency supported research has shown that some astronauts experience accelerated arterial stiffening while in space. This ISS experiment will eventually lead to the development of procedures to slow vascular aging of the astronauts and improve health and quality of life on Earth. Cygnus also carries Kaber, a microsatellite deployer that the Canadian robot Dextre will use to launch small satellites from the Space Station.

The UVIT telescope aboard ASTROSAT, the Indian Space Research Organization's space observatory, takes its first images of the sky-a cluster of stars known as NGC 188. The picture is taken using ultraviolet light, invisible from the earth, and covers a field of view some 100 times larger than the Hubble telescope.

The Canadian Space Agency ( CSA) delivers its contribution to NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission: the Canadian-built OSIRIS-REx Laser Altimeter (OLA).

OSIRIS-REx will study Bennu, an asteroid that has the potential to impact the Earth in the late 2100s. It is Canada's first international mission to return a sample from an asteroid to Earth.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The following list highlights significant dates of the Canadian space history as well as major events and news of interest related to Canada's activities in space. Sir Edward Sabine establishes the first magnetic observatory at the University of Toronto, to study the proposition made by Edmund Halley in 1716 that northern lights were formed according to the Earth's magnetic field.

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https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/canadia

n-space-agency

https://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/about/milestones.asp#:~:text=August%2028%2C%201921,ISIS%20scientific%20Earth%20satellite%20program.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/astronaut

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marc-Garneau

https://www.funkidslive.com/learn/top-10-facts/top-10-facts-about-the-moon/

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Established in 1990, the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) promotes the peaceful use and development of space for the social and economic benefit of Canadians. It als…