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In our group, we believe that the audience in the letter from birmingham jail by Murther Luther King was initially to the Eight clergymen of Birmingham which Murther Luther King had mentioned at the beginning of the letter. He begins this letter by addressing his ‘fellow clergymen’ who wrote the statement on a newspaper that criticised King’s political activities ‘unwise and untimely’.

Additionally, the letter is also to the all the ones that concern about racism. As is spoke, Murther Luther King was in birmingham jail as he found injustice. "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere." To sums up, he uses this letter to respond to the Eight clergymen of Birmingham and to speak up for the injustice that is happening.

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The main purpose of Martin Luther King Jr.'s letter from the Birmingham Jail was to explain the protests for the civil rights in Birmingham. Martin Luther King argued that African Americans had been waiting for too long for the equality to come, and that it is the time to challenge the unjust laws of discrimination. He emphasized the need to confront these issues directly instead of waiting patiently for change. Martin Luther King wanted to persuade his readers, including the clergymen and a broader audience, to understand and support the goals of the civil rights movement.

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Speaker: the speaker is Martin luther King, a famous black rights and civil rights movement leader.

Speaker characteristics:

outspoken( "We have waited for more than three hundred and forty years for our God-given and constitutional rights“）

unmoving:("This "wait" has almost always meant "never."")

direct:("So let him march sometimes)

unmoving:("our legitimate and unavoidable impatience)

POV: first person ,second and third person perspective

first person: used to describe the actions of king and his fellow members

Second person: used to address the readers and talk to them,

used in describing the injustice that the black population have faced as a whole

Third person: used to analyse and describe historical facts and examples

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time: April 16, 1963 After King was arrested for leading a protest at Birmingham

Place: Birmingham jail

Situation: several white religious leaders in the South have written a statement criticizing the black rights movement led by Martin Luther King. This letter was written as a response to the statement and an explanation for their actions

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Martin Luther King wrote the Birmingham Letter while imprisoned in Birmingham, Alabama. He wrote the letter in response to eight white clergymen who criticized his protests. In this letter, Martin Luther King emphasizes the importance of fighting for equality and calls for actions to end segregation quickly. Martin Luther King’s writing shows his commitment to justice and equality. He uses rhetorical devices such as metaphors and imagery to convey his message, which makes his writing style persuasive and powerful.

In the Letter from Birmingham Jail, Martin Luther King uses emotive language to convey his feelings of frustration and determination. His choice of words is designed to evoke the reader’s emotions and to emphasizes the urgency of the problem. Martin Luther King describes the experience of being denied human right as “Inhuman”. This imagery helps to emphasize with people affected by this problems (Africans Americans).

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In his “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” Martin Luther King Jr. maintained a respectful, assertive, and persuasive tone throughout. "Any law that degrades human personality is unjust. All segregation statutes are unjust because segregation distorts the soul and damages the personality." Like this quote, He uses powerful and assertive languages that helps revealing the true hardships Black Americans were experiencing due to racial segregation. Author's attitude towards the topic can be characterized as firm and angry. He firmly believes that injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere and claims that it is the moral duty of all individuals to stand up against racial discrimination.

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People who criticized Martin Luther King said this isn't the right time for protests and demonstrations and tell him to wait. They are first-class citizens in the eyes of the law and white American culture, so they are comfortable with that situation. However, in King's experience, "'wait' has almost always meant 'never,’ and so, he will wait no longer. Black people have waited long enough, and no additional waiting will change the minds and laws of a nation. Therefore, the main idea for this letter is the resistance since the black people won't wait any longer and it’s time for a change.