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Q1)Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was a Bengali nationalist leader who advocated for self-government for East Pakistan. He founded the Awami League and led it to electoral success in the 1970s. His Six Point Plan proposed significant autonomy for East Pakistan, effectively leading to the demand for separation. Despite winning the most seats in the 1970 elections, the Awami League was not allowed to form the government. A subsequent military crackdown against the party led to a civil war and the eventual declaration of Bangladeshi independence. Sheikh Mujibur Rahman became the first Prime Minister of Bangladesh but was assassinated in a military coup in 1975.

Q3) Operation Searchlight was a military operation by Pakistan in East Pakistan in March 1971 to suppress the Bengali nationalist movement. It followed Operation Blitz in November 1970. The plan was to quickly take control of major cities and eliminate all opposition. However, the Bengali resistance was stronger than expected, leading to widespread atrocities and the displacement of millions of refugees to India. These atrocities fueled Bengali nationalism, leading to the declaration of independence and the creation of Bangladesh.

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Who was Mujib ur Rehman? 4 marks

Who was Mukti Bihini? 4 marks

What was operation search light? 4 marks

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The U-2 incident was a confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union that began with the shooting down of a U.S. U-2 reconnaissance plane over the Soviet Union in 1960 and that caused the collapse of a summit conference in Paris between the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and France.

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Who was Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto? 4 marks

What was the Green revolution? 4 marks

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The Federal Security Force (FSF) was a paramilitary organization created by Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto in 1972 in Pakistan. Its primary purpose was to maintain internal security and protect the government from political opposition. Initially, the FSF was tasked with handling law enforcement, but it became controversial due to its alleged involvement in political suppression, including targeting Bhutto’s opponents. The force gained a reputation for being used for repressive activities, and after Bhutto's removal from power in 1977, the FSF was disbanded by the military government.

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In 1960, U2 affair was held. An American spy plane was shot down over the Soviet union, town Sverdolsk, the Pilot Gary Powers, parachuted to the ground where he was captured by Soviet forces. It was a spy plane but the Americans did not admit it. They said it was a research plane studying weather conditions. The pilot had admitted spying. Pakistan felt embrassed as they gave their territory of Peshawar to be used as American Plane Base.

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Mukti Bahini, also termed as the Freedom Fighters, refers to the armed organizations that fought against the Pakistan Army during the Bangladesh Liberation War. It was dynamically formed by Bengali regulars and civilians after the proclamation of Bangladesh‘s independence on March 26, 1971.

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What was the u-2 incident? 4

Who was Yahya Khan? 4

Who was Ayub Khan? 4

What the Federal Security force? 4 marks

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Mujib ur Rahman was a Bangladeshi politician and founding leader of Bangladesh. He served as the first President of Bangladesh from 1971 till 1975. Mujib led the Awami League party. He declared Bangladesh's independence on March 26, 1971.

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q1. he was a Bangladeshi politician and activist. he is considered the founding leader of Bangladesh. he had held continuous positions either as Bangladesh's president or as its prime minister from April 1971 until his assassination in August 1975. he was a member of the All India Muslim League.

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Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was a prominent Pakistani politician who founded the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) in 1967. He served as the President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and later as the Prime Minister from 1973 to 1977. Bhutto played a key role in rebuilding Pakistan after its loss of East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) in 1971. He introduced significant social, economic, and land reforms, and focused on empowering the poor. However, his government was overthrown in a military coup in 1977, and he was executed in 1979 under controversial circumstances.

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Ayub Khan

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Believed in self government of East Pakistan, helped to found Awami League in 1949 and led it in 1960s, drafted Six Point Plan in 1966 which demanded separation in effect. 1970 elections meant that Awami League was largest party in Pakistan but not allowed to take power and Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rahman become PM. Military crackdown against Awami League supporters, Civil War, Sheikh Mujib-ur- Rahman first PM of Bangladesh. Murdered in 1975 in a military takeover.

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zulfiqar ALi bhutto

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Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979) was a Pakistani barrister, politician, and statesman. He served as the fourth president of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973 and later as the ninth prime minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977. Bhutto founded the Pakistan People's Party (PPP) and served as its chairman until his execution.

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The Green Revolution was a period of agricultural transformation during the 1960s and 1970s that aimed to increase food production in developing countries. It involved the use of high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, and advanced irrigation techniques. Countries like India and Pakistan benefited significantly, as crop yields, particularly for wheat and rice, increased substantially. While the Green Revolution helped reduce food shortages and famine, it also led to environmental degradation, increased inequality among farmers, and over-reliance on chemical inputs.

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The Mukti Bahini, also known as the Bangladesh Forces, was the guerrilla resistance movement consisting of the Bangladeshi military, paramilitary and civilians during the Bangladesh Liberation War that transformed East Pakistan into Bangladesh in 1971. They were initially called the Mukti Fauj.