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Click here to learn about the origins of the movement and why was it so powerful and relevant for the Middle East.

Source: AlJazeera

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Ten years ago, revolts spread like wildfire across the Arab world, spurring events that changed the region.

Ten years ago, a wave of revolt spread across the Arab world from Tunisia to Egypt, Syria and Yemen [File: Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images]

From the fall of old, authoritarian leaders to the repression of revolts, here are some key dates and events that make up what is known as the Arab Spring.

The Tunisian spark

On December 17, 2010, a young Tunisian who sold vegetables from a barrow set himself afire to protest against police harassment.

Mohamed Bouazizi died on January 4, 2011, but not before his gesture went viral, sparking protests against the cost of living and the country's authoritarian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.

Ben Ali's 23-year-rule ended 10 days later when he fled to Saudi Arabia, becoming the first leader of an Arab nation to be pushed out by popular protests.

The protests inspired a wave of revolts across the Arab world as people rose up to protest against authoritarianism, corruption, and poverty.

'Mubarak out!'

On January 25, 2011, thousands of Egyptians marched in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities, demanding the departure of President Hosni Mubarak, who had been in power for 30 years.

On February 11, as more than a million took to the streets, Mubarak resigned and handed control to the military.

The Muslim Brotherhood-linked government of Mohammed Morsi was elected in 2012, but was overthrown the following year by the military led by the general, now president, Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.

Bahrain's 'Tahrir'

On February 15, protesters took over the Pearl Square roundabout in the capital which they renamed "Tahrir Square", and demanded a constitutional monarchy among other reforms.

But their camp was stormed by riot police three days later, killing three people and injuring many.

Libya explodes

The same day the Bahrain protests started, the Libyan police used force to break up a sit-in against the government in the second city, Benghazi.

The country's leader Muammar Gaddafi pledged to hunt down the "rats" opposing him.

The uprising turned into a civil war with French, British and American air forces intervening against Gaddafi.

On October 20, 2011, Gaddafi was captured and killed in his home region of Sirte by rebels who found him hiding in a storm drain.

The country is now split between rival eastern and western-based administrations.

Syria follows

On March 6, a dozen teenagers tagged the wall of their school in southern Syria with "Your turn, doctor", referring to President Bashar al-Assad, a trained ophthalmologist.

The torture of the youths sparked mainly peaceful protests at first, and calls for democratic reform.

But with violent repression by the government, the revolt turned into civil war.

Syria's war also contributed to the rise of the ISIL (ISIS) group and renewed conflict in neighbouring Iraq, culminating in a genocidal attack on minorities in the north of the country.

Tunisia's first election

On October 23, 2011, Tunisians streamed to the polls for their first free election, in which members of the Ennahdha movement triumph.

Yemen's Saleh goes

On February 27, 2012, Ali Abdullah Saleh, who had ruled Yemen for 33 years, handed power to his deputy Abdrabuh Mansur Hadi, after a year of protests.

The Arab world's poorest country, Yemen, also descended into violence following initial protests.

Moscow saves al-Assad

Russia, who with Iran is al-Assad's biggest ally, started air attacks against Syrian rebels on September 30, 2015, changing the course of the war.

After 10 years of fighting, which left 380,000 dead, al-Assad was able to claim significant victories.

Source : Al Jazeera and News agencies

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What is the Arab Spring, and how did it start?

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Ten years ago, revolts spread like wildfire across the Arab world, spurring events that changed the region.

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Tea Party movement, conservative populist social and political movement that emerged in 2009 in the United States, generally opposing excessive taxation and government intervention in the private sector while supporting stronger immigration controls.

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Table of Contents

Tea Party movement, conservative populist social and political movement that emerged in 2009 in the United States, generally opposing excessive taxation and government intervention in the private sector while supporting stronger immigration controls.

Origins of the Tea Party

Historically, populist movements in the United States have arisen in response to periods of economic hardship, beginning with the proto-populist Greenback and Granger movements in the 1860s and '70s and continuing with William Jennings Bryan's Populist Party in the 1890s and Louisiana politician Huey Long's Share Our Wealth program during the Great Depression of the 1930s. In the wake of the financial crisis that swept the globe in 2008, populist sentiment was once more on the rise. The catalyst for what would become known as the Tea Party movement came on February 19, 2009, when Rick Santelli, a commentator on the business-news network CNBC, referenced the Boston Tea Party (1773) in his response to Pres. Barack Obama's mortgage relief plan. Speaking from the floor of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Santelli heatedly stated that the bailout would "subsidize the losers' mortgages" and proposed a Chicago Tea Party to protest government intervention in the housing market. The five-minute clip became an Internet sensation, and the "Tea Party" rallying cry struck a chord with those who had already seen billions of dollars flow toward sagging financial firms. Unlike previous populist movements, which were characterized by a distrust of business in general and bankers in particular, the Tea Party movement focused its ire at the federal government and extolled the virtues of free market principles.

Within weeks, Tea Party chapters began to appear around the United States, using social media sites such as Facebook to coordinate protest events. They were spurred on by conservative pundits, particularly by Fox News Channel's Glenn Beck. The generally libertarian character of the movement drew disaffected Republicans to the Tea Party banner, and its antigovernment tone resonated with members of the paramilitary militia movement. Obama himself served as a powerful recruiting tool, as the Tea Party ranks were swelled by " Birthers "-individuals who claimed that Obama had been born outside the United States and was thus not eligible to serve as president (despite a statement by the director of the Hawaii State Department of Health attesting that she had seen Obama's birth certificate and could confirm that he had been born in the state)-as well as by those who considered Obama a socialist and those who believed that Obama, who frequently discussed his Christianity publicly, was secretly a Muslim.

The Tea Party movement's first major action was a nationwide series of rallies on April 15, 2009, that drew more than 250,000 people. April 15 is historically the deadline for filing individual income tax returns, and protesters claimed that "Tea" was an acronym for "Taxed Enough Already." The movement gathered strength throughout the summer of 2009, with its members appearing at congressional town hall meetings to protest the proposed reforms to the American health care system.

At the national level, a number of groups claimed to represent the Tea Party movement as a whole, but, with a few exceptions, the Tea Party lacked a clear leader. When former Republican vice presidential nominee Sarah Palin resigned as governor of Alaska in July 2009, she became an unofficial spokesperson of sorts on Tea Party issues, and in February 2010 she delivered the keynote address at the first National Tea Party Convention. Beck-whose 9/12 Project, so named for Beck's "9 principles and 12 values" as well as the obvious allusion to the September 11 attacks, helped draw tens of thousands of protesters to the U.S. Capitol on September 12, 2009-offered daily affirmations of Tea Party beliefs on his television and radio shows. FreedomWorks, a supply-side economics advocacy group headed by former Republican House majority leader Dick Armey, provided logistical support for large Tea Party gatherings, and Sen. Jim DeMint of South Carolina supported Tea Party candidates from within the Republican establishment. The diffuse collection of groups and individuals who made up the Tea Party movement was unique in the history of American populism, as it seemed to draw strength from its ability to "stick apart."

The absence of a central organizing structure was cited as proof of the Tea Partiers' grassroots credentials, but it also meant that the movement's goals and beliefs were highly localized and even personalized. Nonetheless, the Tea Party proved its influence at the polls. In a special election in New York's 23rd congressional district in November 2009, Tea Partiers mobilized behind Conservative Party candidate Doug Hoffman, forcing Republican candidate Dierdre Scozzafava from the race just days before the election. This tactic backfired, however, and the seat went to Democrat Bill Owens; Owens was the first Democrat to represent the district since the 19th century. The Tea Party fared better in Massachusetts in January 2010, in the special election to fill the U.S. Senate seat left vacant by the death of Ted Kennedy. Dark-horse candidate Scott Brown defeated Kennedy's presumptive successor, Massachusetts attorney general Martha Coakley, in a race that shifted the balance in the Senate, depriving the Democrats of the 60-vote filibuster-proof majority they had held since July 2009. In May 2010 the Tea Party exerted its influence again, this time in Kentucky, where Rand Paul, son of former Libertarian presidential candidate Ron Paul, won the Republican primary for a seat in the U.S. Senate. Paul defeated Trey Grayson, Kentucky's secretary of state and the favoured choice of Senate minority leader and Kentuckian Mitch McConnell, in a race that was widely seen as a repudiation of the Republican Party establishment.

The 2010 midterm elections

Across the country, dozens of Tea Party-affiliated candidates won the Republican nominations for their respective U.S. Senate, House, and gubernatorial races. The November 2010 midterms promised to be a referendum as much on the Tea Party as on President Obama, particularly as the push-pull relationship between the Tea Party and the Republican Party continued. In some states Tea Party candidates won endorsement from local Republican groups, while in others they provoked a backlash from the Republican establishment. Some longtime Republicans, a number of whom had lost to Tea Party candidates in their respective primary races, chose to contest the general election as independents or only lukewarmly endorsed their previous opponents in the general election. In the end, it seemed that the Tea Party label mattered less than the strength of an individual candidate.

In Delaware, for example, Christine O'Donnell, who endured lampooning by the national media because of her views (particularly those shared on a comedy show years earlier), lost the Senate race by a wide margin, and in Nevada embattled Senate majority leader Harry Reid, despite low favourability ratings, defeated Tea Party candidate Sharron Angle. In Kentucky Rand Paul, perhaps identified more closely with the Tea Party than any other candidate, coasted to a comfortable victory, and in Florida Tea Party nominee Marco Rubio won a three-way Senate race that included the sitting Republican governor, Charlie Crist. Dan Maes, running as a Republican with Tea Party backing, faded from contention for the Colorado governor's office after former Republican presidential candidate Tom Tancredo entered the race on the American Constitution Party ticket.

Perhaps the most surprising result came from Palin's home state of Alaska, where the Tea Party candidate for the U.S. Senate, Joe Miller, won the Republican nomination but faced a strong general election challenge from incumbent Republican Lisa Murkowski, who chose to run as a write-in candidate. On election day the sum of votes for write-in candidates outpaced those for either Miller or the Democratic nominee, and, after weeks of vote tallying and almost two months of legal challenges, Murkowski was certified as the winner on December 30, 2010.

While these contests constituted some of the most conspicuous individual examples of Tea Party influence, the 2010 midterm elections saw the Republicans gain approximately 60 seats to take control of the House and reduce the Democratic majority in the Senate. Many observers credited this performance to the interest and enthusiasm generated by the Tea Party, and over the next two years the Republican Party endeavoured to bring Tea Party supporters into the Republican mainstream and to avoid the fratricidal competition that had cost them a number of races in 2010. One notable addition to the 2012 Republican Party platform was the inclusion of language opposing Agenda 21, a United Nations (UN) resolution that promoted sustainable growth and that some Tea Party activists believed represented a UN plot to subvert American sovereignty. In addition, both Rand Paul and Rubio were featured in prominent speaking slots at the 2012 Republican National Convention.

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Tea Party movement | Definition, Significance, Summary, Beliefs, & Facts

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Tea Party movement, conservative populist social and political movement that emerged in 2009 in the United States, generally opposing excessive taxation and government intervention in the private sector while supporting stronger immigration controls.

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After reading about these movements and their implications, share a comment or publish an image, video or any sort of linkable contribution that help us all understand these movements properly and ther relation with civic power

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After reading about these movements and their implications, share a comment or publish an image, video or any sort of linkable contribution that help us all understand these movements properly and ther relation with civic power

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On August 14, 2013, six weeks after a military coup against the Muslim Brotherhood-led government, over 800 people were killed near Rabaa al-Adawiya mosque in Cairo. It was the worst mass killing in modern Egyptian history, and it ended the Arab Spring—or what was left of it.

Source: https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-massacre-that-ended-the-arab-spring/

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The name "Tea Party" is a reference to the Boston Tea Party, a protest in 1773 by colonists who objected to British taxation without representation, and demonstrated by dumping British tea taken from docked ships into the harbor.

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The modern day Tea Party (2010) has three central tenets: fiscal responsibility, limited government and free markets.

One of its defining characteristics is vociferous anger at Congress and the White House. Mistrust of politicians, government and the media runs deep.

Although many members hold deeply conservative social beliefs, the Tea Party is expressly and steadfastly economic, not social, in its outlook.

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Conservative activists calling themselves the Tea Party roared on to the political scene in in 2009. They have propelled strictly conservative, anti-establishment candidates to victory in numerous Republican primaries this year.

But some of their candidates are so outside the mainstream that the Tea Party have ended up helping Democrats to win those seats. To many Tea Partiers, that doesn't matter.

"What use is a Republican to us, if all they do is vote with Democrats?" Christina Botteri, one of the founding members of the Tea Party movement, told the BBC.

Such attitudes have flummoxed Republicans and political pundits who still seem unsure what exactly the Tea Party is and it wants.

Birth of a movement

Perhaps the most important thing to understand about the Tea Party is that, in some ways, it defies traditional categorisations.

It was founded amid a groundswell of populist anger over government bail-outs of failing banks, insurers and auto companies following the economic meltdown of 2008.

Most Tea Partiers agree that a rant by CNBC Business News editor Rick Santelli, broadcast live on television, was a catalysing moment.

Standing on the floor of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Mr Santelli railed against government bail-outs for those he believed had made poor investments, saying such aid was "promoting bad behaviour".

Don't help these "losers" with their mortgages, he shouted, as traders cheered him on in the background.

His sentiments didn't just strike a chord, they became a call to action. Less than 10 days later, Santelli-inspired protests against "big government" occurred in 40 cities across America.

This nascent group of conservative activists called itself the Tea Party.

"We realized that government spending without the will of the people is a form of taxation without representation," says Ms Botteri, referencing the motto of the original Tea Party protest in Boston, when early American colonists threw taxed British tea into the harbour.

Focus on the economy

The modern day Tea Party has three central tenets: fiscal responsibility, limited government and free markets.

One of its defining characteristics is vociferous anger at Congress and the White House. Mistrust of politicians, government and the media runs deep.

Although many members hold deeply conservative social beliefs, the Tea Party is expressly and steadfastly economic, not social, in its outlook.

"They may be socially conservative personally on issues like abortion or gay marriage, but they think the Republican Party stopped being the party of fiscal conservatism when it became so obsessed with social conservatism," says New York Times journalist Kate Zernike, author of Boiling Mad: Inside Tea Party America.

The Tea Partiers are as disillusioned with George W Bush's big-spending Republicans as they are with Barack Obama's Democrats.

They naturally align with Republicans, but they are displeased with the party: many think it has deserted them.

"It's one of the common misperceptions that the Tea Party and the Republican Party go hand in hand," Ms Zernike told the BBC via e-mail. "In fact, they're fighting hand to hand in many parts of the country."

'It's an idea'

The Tea Party has no aspirations of becoming an official third party or anything approximating a formal political institution. Its members seek to influence existing parties.

It is interested in principles, not policy prescriptions.

"The Tea Party movement, much like America itself, is an idea," says Ms Botteri. They know what they are against, but they don't all agree how to implement the ideas they are for.

The Tea Party is leaderless. Although Sarah Palin and Fox News personality Glenn Beck enjoy wide-ranging support within the Tea Party, they do not speak for or lead the movement.

It is decentralised - not so much an organisation as a network of small groups with a loose affiliation to similar fiscal principles. It has no charter or by-laws.

These groups are localised, each have their own identities and priorities. That makes the movement exceedingly hard to pin down.

These organisational decisions are as much practical as they are tactical.

"Having a single hierarchical structure makes a clean easy target for the progressive left to apply their usual tactics of freezing, isolating and ridiculing," says Ms Botteri.

Ms Zernike believes the decision to steer clear of controversial social issues, even though many in the group speak in inflammatory terms about topics like immigration, is also strategic.

"They think that they can attract more people if they don't talk about polarising issues," she says. "As someone said to me, the more planks in your platform, the worse off you are: planks become splinters."

Demographically, several polls show that the Tea Party is overwhelmingly white and older than 45, and more likely to be male.

The group has been accused of racism and xenophobia, allegations most members vehemently deny.

Still, many do not believe President Obama is an American, and Tea Party protesters were accused of hurling ugly epithets at black and gay members of Congress before last year's vote on healthcare reform.

One group erected a billboard in Iowa comparing Mr Obama to Hitler and Stalin.

Technological triumph

Most of the original members met using Twitter. Their low-budget nationwide organising was unthinkable in the days before Facebook, e-mail and free conference-calling.

This historic capacity to be networked with like-minded people has been a profound experience for many Americans.

Because of that, Ms Zernike characterises the Tea Party as a cause rather than a movement.

"The people I spent time with for my book talk about this as the most important thing they've done with their lives. It's given them community and a cause - the social bonds are very strong, and in many cases they're a motivating factor."

But perhaps the most interesting aspects of the Tea Party have yet to be seen. What will it do with any electoral success it has? And will those social bonds be sustainable when the economic stress gripping America eventually abates?

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Conservative activists calling themselves the Tea Party roared on to the political scene in in 2009. They have propelled strictly conservative, anti-establishment candidates to victory in numerous Republican primaries this year. But some of their candidates are so outside the mainstream that the Tea Party have ended up helping Democrats to win those seats.

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Both movements have a strong relationship with civic power, given the fact that these illustrate how organized masses can lead to important policy changes, it showed how citizens could hold politicians accountable.

The movements also give light to the fact that civic power is not only about initiating change but maintaining it. The collective action can lead to important changes, but the process is complex and usually needs endurance to reach the requests.

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The Arab Spring is the name given to the pro-democracy protests and uprisings that spread across the Middle East and North Africa.

The origin of the name is unclear, but some historians believe it is a reference to the revolutions of 1848, also known as People`´s Spring

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Arab Spring, wave of pro-democracy protests and uprisings that took place in the Middle East and North Africa beginning in 2010 and 2011, challenging some of the region's entrenched authoritarian regimes. The wave began when protests in Tunisia and Egypt toppled their regimes in quick succession, inspiring similar attempts in other Arab countries. Not every country saw success in the protest movement, however, and demonstrators expressing their political and economic grievances were often met with violent crackdowns by their countries' security forces. For detailed coverage of the Arab Spring in individual countries, see Jasmine Revolution (Tunisia), Egypt Uprising of 2011, Yemen Uprising of 2011-12, Libya Revolt of 2011, and Syrian Civil War.

Tunisia's Jasmine Revolution

The first demonstrations took place in central Tunisia in December 2010, catalyzed by the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi, a 26-year-old street vendor protesting his treatment by local officials. A protest movement, dubbed the "Jasmine Revolution" in the media, quickly spread through the country. The Tunisian government attempted to end the unrest by using violence against street demonstrations and by offering political and economic concessions. However, protests soon overwhelmed the country's security forces, compelling Pres. Zine al-Abidine Ben Ali to step down and flee the country on January 14, 2011. In October 2011, Tunisians participated in a free election to choose members of a council tasked with drafting a new constitution. A democratically chosen president and prime minister took office in December 2011, and a new constitution was promulgated in January 2014. In October-November 2019, Tunisia became the first country of the Arab Spring protests to undergo a peaceful transfer of power from one democratically elected government to another.

Egypt's January 25 Revolution

Inspired by Ben Ali's ouster in Tunisia, similar protests were quickly organized among young Egyptians through social media ( see Wael Ghonim), bringing out massive crowds across Egypt on January 25. The Egyptian government also tried and failed to control protests by offering concessions while cracking down violently against protesters. After several days of massive demonstrations and clashes between protesters and security forces in Cairo and around the country, a turning point came at the end of the month when the Egyptian army announced that it would refuse to use force against protesters calling for the removal of Pres. Hosni Mubarak. Having lost the support of the military, Mubarak left office on February 11 after nearly 30 years, ceding power to a council of senior military officers. The military enjoyed high public approval in the interim before a new government, but its apparent prioritization of stability over democratic transition at times dampened optimism.

Events in other countries

Encouraged by protesters' rapid successes in Tunisia and Egypt, protest movements took hold in Yemen, Bahrain, Libya, and Syria in late January, February, and March 2011. Unlike in Tunisia and Egypt, however, the outpouring of popular discontent in these countries led to bloody-and often protracted-struggles between opposition groups and ruling regimes.

Yemen

In Yemen, where the first protests appeared in late January 2011, Pres. Ali Abdullah Saleh's base of support was damaged when a number of the country's most powerful tribal and military leaders aligned themselves with the pro-democracy protesters calling for him to step down. When negotiations to remove Saleh from power failed, loyalist and opposition fighters clashed in Sanaa. Saleh left Yemen in June to receive medical treatment after he was injured in a bomb attack, raising hopes among the opposition that a transition would begin. Saleh returned to the country unexpectedly four months later, however, adding to the uncertainty and confusion about Yemen's political future. In November 2011 Saleh signed an internationally mediated agreement calling for a phased transfer of power to the vice president, Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi. In accordance with the agreement, Hadi took over governing responsibility immediately and formally assumed the presidency after standing as the sole candidate in a presidential election in February 2012. Unable to improve conditions or maintain stability, however, Hadi's government faced armed confrontation and rebellion that in 2014 devolved into a civil war.

Bahrain

Mass protests demanding political and economic reforms erupted in Bahrain in mid-February 2011, led by Bahraini human rights activists and members of Bahrain's marginalized Shiʿi majority. Protests were violently suppressed by Bahraini security forces, aided by a Gulf Cooperation Council security force (composed of about 1,000 soldiers from Saudi Arabia and 500 police officers from the United Arab Emirates) that entered the country in March. By the end of the month, the mass protest movement had been stifled. In the aftermath of the protests, dozens of accused protest leaders were convicted of antigovernment activity and imprisoned, hundreds of Shiʿi workers suspected of supporting the protests were fired, and dozens of Shiʿi mosques were demolished by the government. In November 2011 an independent investigation into the uprising, commissioned by the Bahraini government, concluded that the government had used excessive force and torture against protesters. The government carried out some of the commission's recommendations for reform but clamped down further on opposition groups in the years that followed.

Libya

In Libya protests against the regime of Muammar al-Qaddafi in mid-February 2011 quickly escalated into an armed revolt. When the rebel forces appeared to be on the verge of defeat in March, an international coalition led by NATO launched a campaign of air strikes targeting Qaddafi's forces. Although NATO intervention ultimately shifted the military balance in favour of the rebel forces, Qaddafi was able to cling to power in the capital, Tripoli, for several more months. He was forced from power in August 2011 after rebel forces took control of Tripoli. After evading capture for several weeks, Qaddafi was killed in Sirte in October 2011 as rebel forces took control of the city. A Transitional National Council, set up by rebel forces and recognized internationally, took power, but its struggle to exert authority over the country precipitated the outbreak of civil war in 2014.

Syria

In Syria protests calling for the resignation of Pres. Bashar al-Assad broke out in southern Syria in mid-March 2011 and spread through the country. The Assad regime responded with a brutal crackdown against protesters, drawing condemnation from international leaders and human rights groups. A leadership council for the Syrian opposition formed in Istanbul in August, and opposition militias began to launch attacks on government forces. In spite of the upheaval, Assad's hold on power appeared strong, as he was able to retain the support of critical military units composed largely of members of Syria's ʿAlawite minority, to which Assad also belonged. Meanwhile, divisions in the international community made it unlikely that international military intervention, which had proved decisive in Libya, would be possible in Syria. Russia and China vetoed UN Security Council resolutions meant to pressure the Assad regime in October 2011 and February 2012 and vowed to oppose any measure that would lead to foreign intervention in Syria or Assad's removal from power. The arrival of a delegation of peace monitors from the Arab League in December 2011 did little to reduce violence. The escalation of violence, fed by funding and arms from several rival countries interested in the outcome of the situation, culminated in a devastating civil war and a massive refugee crisis affecting millions.

Other countries

The effects of the Arab Spring movement were felt elsewhere throughout the Middle East and North Africa as many of the countries in the region experienced at least minor pro-democracy protests. In Algeria, Jordan, Morocco, and Oman, rulers offered a variety of concessions, ranging from the dismissal of unpopular officials to constitutional changes, in order to head off the spread of protest movements in their countries.

Legacy

Although the protest movements in 2011 were unique in their interconnected struggle for democracy across the region, the push to end corruption and improve citizens' quality of life did not end with the Arab Spring. Protests continued for years to come, and an additional wave of protests took place in the Arab world in the late 2010s and early 2020s. In February 2019, protests in Algeria toppled the government of Pres. Abdelaziz Bouteflika; in April, Sudan's military ended the 30-year rule of Pres. Omar al-Bashir after months of protests. Iraq and Lebanon, democracies whose polarized factions rendered the governments incapable of addressing major crises, also faced massive demonstrations of their own in 2019-20. Although these individual protest movements were not inspired by one another, the scale and similarity of their grievances led many observers to refer to this wave of protests as a second Arab Spring.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Amy Tikkanen.

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Arab Spring, wave of pro-democracy protests and uprisings that took place in the Middle East and North Africa beginning in 2010, challenging some of the region's entrenched authoritarian regimes. Demonstrators expressing political and economic grievances faced violent crackdowns by their countries' security forces.

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Group members: Constanza Vergara, Christopher Tello y Victoria Vegara.

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Leviathan mindmap and how Nain lost his mind over a KH reference

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Leviathan mindmap and how Nain lost his mind over a KH reference

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group members: Nain Acuña and Maite Urquieta

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https://mapify.so/share-link/oHEqOpUPBK

Group members: Paz Vera, Javiera Henríquez

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The Political Philosophy of Thomas Hobbes' _Leviathan_ (1)

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Only video 1

1. Southern politicians agree that the Electoral College is the best electoral system for the country.

2. The speaker declared the Electoral College to be unfair .

3. The speaker suggests how the USA’s voting system can be changed.

4. The video taught me how the USA’s electoral system works.

5. The video states that a candidate wins the election with 270 votes.

6. The speaker explains why the United States is the only country where the Electoral College is used.

7. The United States government could not decide whether to keep the Electoral College or not.

8. The video showed us where the Electoral College began.

9. Trump and Bush felt that the results of their elections were satisfactory/to be satisfactory

10. Democrats declared Trump’s election to be invalid/that Trump’s election was invalid.

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That and wh clauses (both videos, I think)

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That and wh clauses (both videos, I think)

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1. The Electoral College is based on how people are represented in congress.

2. The south benefitting from the Electoral College's voting system explains why it hasn't changed in so long.

3. A "winner-takes-all" system implies that only half of the population's votes don't actually mean anything.

4. Southern senators benefit from the way the Electoral College works.

5. The rest of the world elects their leaders via direct popular voting, whereas the US uses indirect voting.

6. A swing state "swings" between parties in nearly every election, which means it has more influence during the election.

7. The way the Electoral College was designed shifts power from some people and towards others.

8. The number of delegates is based on how many people live in a state.

9. There have been multiple debates about the Electoral College and whether to keep it or not.

10. James Wilson stated that a single person possessing all the power would be the same as a monarch.

ángela:p

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Which of the 7 swing states do you think poses the biggest challenge for both candidates? Why?

Wisconsin is most likely to be the state that poses a big challenge for the elections, as the population started to support third-parties, which could affect the votes of the 2 principal candidates (Harris and Trump)

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First, it is well known that trump´s style is confrontational and assertive in terms of his tone. He is very direct, but often does not speak with the truth. As for Kamala Harris, she is more measured and focuses on policy details and topics that people care about.

While both candidates tend to attack one another on a more personal scale, I would say Kamala has an advantage when fact checking her speech.

Trump is dramatic. Harris, meanwhile, might be better at presenting policy proposals and addressing issues calmly. This is an advantage for her, as before she had not made a clear statement of what she really wants to do with the presidency.

But Harris seems to lack a bit of cohesion when answering questions, which can easily be a drawback sound like its hard for her to come up with answer fast.

The effectiveness of each candidate's performance depends only on their ability to connect with viewers. In the end, those who already support either of the candidates, would still support them no matter what. What would be great to hear from both candidates is for them to use real facts instead of bickering about each other to really convince those people who have still not decided who they would vote for.

written by: Alejandra Delgado

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video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiRTCL03t4s

THAT CLAUSES

1 Boris Johnson promised that he would get the UK out of the EU

2 Many argue that Teressa May not being able to get the UK out of the EU is why Boris Johnson became a PM.

3 Boris actions during lockdown determined that his term in office ended

4  In the early stages of the covid-19 pandemic, Boris stated that people should stay home.

5 During his eight years as mayor it was clear that Johnson wanted to be PM

6 The presenter claimed that the reason why Boris' period as Prime Minister ended was because of the controversies he had over the 3 years in office.

7 Boris' claims of ignorance about allegations of inappropriate behavior against his deputy whip reassured that voters were against him.

WH- CLAUSES

8 Whether Brexit was signed or not is what determined his success as prime minister

9 Johnson’s false claims of ignorance towards allegations of inappropriate behaviour by his deputy whip are what turned his voters against him

10 Johnson breaking the rules during lockdown explains why he was fined

11 Teressa May not being able to get the UK out of the EU explains why Boris Jhonson was ready to pounce back

12 Johnson not following the guidelines explains why he got COVID-19

13 Johnson was considering whether to spend three terms as PM, but he only spent three years

14  Boris planned how to get a quick vaccine roll out in the UK after being in intensive care with the virus.

NOMINALIZATION

1 Boris Johnson´s promise was to get the UK out of the EU (1)

2 Johnson’s consideration was to spend three terms as PM, but he only spent three years (13)

3 Not following the guidelines is the explanation of why he got COVID-19 (12)

by: Angela Acevedo, Martin Contreras, Alejandra Delgado and Francisca Madariaga

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Boris Johnson’s rise and fall as UK's prime minister, explained

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leaflet - Alejandra Delgado and Francisca Madariaga

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leaflet - Alejandra Delgado and Francisca Madariaga

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Calling all pop fans to be part of the third version of The Magical Festival to be held on November 28th in Los Angeles, California, coming back better than ever and with new and fresh activities. This time with the exclusive opportunity to have a meet and greet experience with the new 5-member girl group under Sony Music Entertainment ´Sweet roses´. Don’t miss the chance to watch their first ever performance of their debut single “Kiss and Tell” and get to know them better. There will be make-up, crafts and dance lessons, photobooths, food trucks and more. We could tell you lots of details but let's keep it a secret for now! Tickets for the show and the booth activities will be available from October 31st onwards on Magicfestival.com. Make sure to get yours and arrive early with your friends to be able to live the whole experience together, you won’t regret it!

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Ángela Acevedo & Martín Contrera's leaflet

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Ángela Acevedo & Martín Contrera's leaflet

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Direct from Celestial Records headquarters, Equestria Girls debut their first ever album “Cutie Mark”, including their first single “Cafeteria Song” under the guidance of their mentor Songbird Serenade.

Delight yourself with Twilight, Fluttershy, Rainbow Dash, Applejack, Pinkie Pie, and Rarity’s performance. Jump up and make a sound dancing to their choreographies and sing your heart out with their heartfelt lyrics! Come see the girls on February 23rd as the opening act for the Festival de Viña in Quinta Vergara, Viña del Mar and enjoy their fresh pop-rock sound.

The six of them used to be on different career paths until they were scouted by Celestial Records and still practice from time to time, some of them are fashion designers, bakers, athletes and even worked in the countryside!

They might come from different backgrounds and cities such as Canterlot, Ponyville, and Cloudsdale, but they sure know how to bring Equestria together with their music.

“Cafeteria Song” is an upbeat tune with a concept of unity and friendship which perfectly embodies the girls’ lively and forever youthful spirit.

Don’t forget to bring a jacket for the cold festival night and treat yourself to a completo in the venue’s cafeteria. Signs and fan projects are encouraged.

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Come to Caupolican theatre in Santiago de Chile to the best experience of your life! Fallen Angels are going to make their debut on November 9th with their album “Rise from shadows.” The title track, “Echoes of dawn,” blends pop and r&b, showcasing the leader Kai, along with Jin, Soo, Min, and the charismatic Leo in a mysterious and captivating light.

Tickets will be available from November 3rd on ticketfunland.com, so make sure you get yours before its to late!

The five-member boy group under Pear records will also be helding a meet-and-greet on November 10th at their label’s building, and guess what? Five tickets will be gifted on their day of their debut! Be ready, because you can be one of the lucky ones to meet the newest pop sensation.

For more information check out their website at yourfallenangels.com and don’t miss out on the experience of a lifetime!

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“Are we alone in the universe?” well, we come from Kingly records to tell you that we are not! For the ‘Oathbound’, 5 brave knights from the stars have come to our world in a mission to delight us with their music.

As beings come from the stars, they have taken new names on their arrival to our home and seek to be known by them to us: Elias Walker, Leo Gaultier, Robert Gladstone, Robin O’Connor and Arthur Wilson. These newly arrived now seek to impress you with not only their first album “Planetfall”, which tells us of their experiences once arrived here, but also their first single “Faster than Light” a thrilling experience about how they first came together. With a mix of pop and techno, these 5 noble warriors are sure to take you beyond the stars with a single show.

Their first appearance shall be this 24th of January in the “30 something into the future” musical festival, that plans to bring together both bands and solo singers from similar backgrounds that seek to tell you of worlds beyond and the future that awaits us! All on nothing else but the Estadio Nacional Julio Martínez Pradanos, Av. Grecia 2001.

If you want to know more, visit www.50SITF.com for more information. We hope to see you soon and remember: For every horror the galaxy unleashes upon you, there are a hundred wonders waiting for.

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The High Line Spring Festival

The High Line’s Events Production Team proudly presents to the public the first edition of the Spring Festival. This innovative festival will catch your eye throughout its 1.45 mile-long rail structure full of culinary experiences, art installations, dance and music performances. Each activity is specially made to give you a whole evening surrounded by the joy of spring while enjoying the breathtaking New York City landscape.

Once you reach the end of the trail and the night has come, you will find the headliners of the event. The debut performance of the emerging boy band ‘The Country Mice of the Mississippi River’. This 5-member group rose to fame with their pilot country album "Wild Flower", and will celebrate the spring with the release of their new album "Crepe-myrtle".

Don't miss out this flourishing free experience and visit The High Line on March 20th, 2025.

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Beige and Green Simple Bordered Islamic Background Flyer_20241024_201102_0000

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Las Calilas Debut

Santiago - January 12

Come this summer to Santiago de Chile and enjoy the free-debut of the new future sensation of Electro-pop music Las Calilas. The 4 member all-girl band formed in 2019 is set to embellish your afternoon with their fresh and addictive music! The event will be held on a cozy and warm summer afternoon in Teatro Coliseo, near the underground station Universidad de Chile. Food and drinks will be available to purchase inside the venue, as it’s intended to be an event for all ages, young and old can come to enjoy the show and have a great time at the 10th edition of the festival Discovering New Talents. As part of this great event, the well-known band “Los Pettinellis” is opening the stage for the presentation of Las Calilas, accompanied by the stand-up comedian Luis Slimming who comes with his newest routine to lighten the mood for this occasion. Don´t miss out on new artists and have a pleasant day with family, friends or even alone at this years Discovering New Talents festival.

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Wonderful Night: Starry Spring November Edition

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Leaflet - Victoria Vergara and Constanza Vergara

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Leaflet - Victoria Vergara and Constanza Vergara

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Come to have fun and support our new local bands in our Starry Spring: Wonderful Night festival on November 2nd at the Viña del Mar’s outdoor theater.  This type of Viña del Mar’s Festival will present the new rancher group Los Huasos del Valle. This free entry festival is made to instigate young people to start and present their own pilot projects in the rancher music career.

The festival will also include the performances of 31 Minutos Show and Cachureos, so your children can have fun too!

As this is an outdoor edition you can bring your own food for a picnic and even your pets (please do not forget to bring them on a leash) to enjoy the fun! However, there will also be food trucks in case you are craving something special. Come and enjoy the festival with us from 17:00 to 00:00 a.m.

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Are you a highbrow fan of X-Pop? you can't miss this opportunity! The first performance of the new boy band Unique Soul Bound (USB) will take place at the Superwow Theater next week. Their first MV "Connected" was released last month, but it already has more than 100 million views on UTube and is on the top 200 of BillLoan chart. Their genres are dubstep, phonk and pop and along with their energetic choreographies, it surely will be a first quality performance.

As a celebration for their victory on the charts, their fanclub Diva¡C's have organized a pre-event: a little gift with cookies and stickers for the first 200 Diva¡C's who arrive at the venue and follow them on their Onstagram @USB_DivaiCs. Stay connected!

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Un concierto inolvidable para los fanáticos de NCT Dream : Korea ...

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Se encontró en Google desde spanish.korea.net

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Leaflet - Paulina Ahumada and Guillermo Terán 

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Leaflet - Paulina Ahumada and Guillermo Terán 

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The Haunted Four

Live at the Halloween Festival

Central Park, New York, October 31.

Get ready for a spook-tacular night with The Haunted Four! On October 31, the Halloween Festival in Central Park will welcome the debut of this exciting new boy band. This dark pop sensation will mesmerize the audience with their haunting melodies and electrifying performances, making them a must-see for every culture vulture drawn to unique, high-energy music.

The band's mission is to introduce a fresh and haunting twist to the pop scene by blending eerie rhythms with a dynamic stage presence. Fans of atmospheric music will be enchanted by their mysterious and captivating sound. Don't miss the opportunity to witness their inaugural performance, a pilot project that sets the tone for their upcoming musical ventures.

Be sure to join the festivities at 7 PM, where The Haunted Four will provide a thrilling and unforgettable experience at one of New York’s most iconic venues. Prepare for a night filled with music, costumes, and Halloween excitement!

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DALL·E 2024-10-24 21.08.42 - A Halloween-themed concert poster for 'The Haunted Four,' a boy band with 4 members that blends pop with dark, eerie rhythms. The background s

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Be prepared for a unique musical sensation as Neon Pulse makes their worldwide debut at the Rhythmic Vibes Festival! This five-member powerhouse, featuring three fierce female vocalists and two bold male performers, will set the stage on fire with its dynamic fusion of electro-pop, R&B, and hip-hop. With their innovative sound, contagious energy, and futuristic style, Neon Pulse will undoubtedly leave a lasting impression. From mesmerizing beats to show-stopping choreography, Neon Pulse guarantees a performance that will leave you wanting more.

📅 Date: Saturday, November 9, 2024
📍 Venue: Lincoln Center, NYC
🎟 Type of Event: Music festival for all ages featuring live musical performances, immersive soundscapes, and a dazzling light show!

Don’t miss Neon Pulse as they debut their first single, a track that is sure to go straight to the top of the charts and become the anthem of a generation. This is not just a concert – it’s an unforgettable experience! Be part of their rise to fame at the Rhythmic Vibes Festival. Tickets are going fast, so secure your spot now!

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Leaflet-Lucía Peñaloza and Belén Alarcón

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Leaflet-Lucía Peñaloza and Belén Alarcón

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This november 16th, 2024 come to be part of our new boygroup’s, “Starlight Vibe”, world debut! Under the record label Legacy Recordings, who has great artists such as Celine Dion, AC/DC and Alicia Keys, and with five members blending their incredible voices and musical talents, Starlight Vibe is here to redefine pop music. You will see them present their first album, which is already reaching No. 1 in different famous charts, and they will also count with an opening act lead the worldwide famous singer, dancer, producer and former member of GOT7, Jackson Wang!

Join us for Starlight Vibe's exclusive world debut at Movistar Arena– an unforgettable music experience showcasing the future of pop music. This is a one-of-a-kind event where you’ll witness the beginning of the next big sensation in the music industry. Don’t miss your chance to be part of this musical revolution! Get ready to dance, sing, and vibe with Starlight Vibe. Secure your tickets today!

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Join Iron Oak’s explosive debut at MetalFest 2025

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Introducing Iron Oak, the newest sensation in the folk metal scene! With a unique fusion of haunting melodies and ancient folk instruments, this five-member band brings new life into the genre. Their music transports listeners into a realm of epic battles, mythic legends, and nature’s raw power, blending the visceral energy of heavy metal with the soulful resonance of traditional folk.

Catch their world debut at MetalFest 2025, April 20th, at the Movistal Arena, Chile, a festival celebrating the power and diversity of metal. With acts ranging from black metal to emerging folk metal, this event is set to blow your mind.

You will enjoy live performances, exclusive merch, and meet-and-greet sessions

Brace yourself for soaring vocals, electrifying solos, and the irresistible rhythm of bagpipes and violins. Be there when Iron Oak stakes their claim on the metal world!

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Leaflet-Christopher Tello and Benjamín Pereira

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Leaflet-Christopher Tello and Benjamín Pereira

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Big Concert: Los Drugos Live!

Date: November 25th

Venue: Quinta Vergara, Viña del Mar

Time: 8:00 PM

Los Drugos, the band shaking up the alternative rock scene, is coming to La Quinta Vergara for the first time with an unforgettable show. Their unique blend of garage rock, punk, and psychedelic vibes, have taken over the region’s top venues, and now it’s your chance to be part of their magic.

Who are Los Drugos?

As underdogs, Los Drugos are known for their raw energy, rebellious lyrics, and unapologetic style. Drawing influences from bands like The Stooges and The Clash, their shows are a controlled explosion of sound that will hit you like a sonic punch, will you be ready?.

What to expect from the show?

Get ready for a night of pure adrenaline:

Brand new tracks from their latest album, never played live before.

Special surprise guests.

A mind-bending visual show to match their psychedelic sound.

And of course, the classic anthems that fans can’t get enough of.

AND MORE!

This is a must-see event. If you love raw rock, electrifying riffs, the feeling that anything can happen when the music hits, or just having a good time, this concert is for you!

Tickets are now available on Ticketmaster and authorized vendors, ask for codes and special prices.

Take your chance to be part of history!

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Ready to overthrow Barney and friends, Dora the Explorer arrives in Chile!

After the separation of the band with her cousin, Diego, we thought we would never know or hear her angelic voice again, but she is back. Now stronger than ever, Dora will make her debut performance as a solo artist this November 15th at the City of Lights Festival.

Dora will delight us with her new album “Dora the Explorer”, which is going to be available for purchase the same day. It will contain several singles that were inspired by the experience of the band’s separation and her yearning to keep creating music.

It is going to be a one-of-a-kind event—a night you will never forget.

Don’t miss your chance to see this rising star live for the first time. Get your tickets now!

For more information, please visit our official website, www.theCityofLightsFestival.cl.

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☆ TRIGGER - LEAFLET☆ Nain Acuña and Maite Urquieta

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☆ TRIGGER - LEAFLET☆ Nain Acuña and Maite Urquieta

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Tarjeta de Presentación Simple Blanca y Negra de Asesora Inmobiliaria

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1) Art has no limits when it comes to inspiration or places

2) Downgraded from science-centric to 5-minute crafts for kids

3) They’re not a side dish, they’re the main course

4) Around the globe, a colossal phenomenon took place that has been changing the course of humanity

5) One can’t exist without the other, humanity needs both to survive

6) Through its different shapes, that wants you to keep living so don’t kill yourself :)

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1)     A migrant crossing the U.S border tries to make a group of people into good friends by talking and including different topics!

2)     The Arts give them the tools to create their own house and decorate it as they wish.

3)     They are a couple taking part in a dance competition; they cannot win without each other and could end up failing.

4)     Your organs are the motor that keeps you alive, and your brain is the one that decides why it’s worth it.

5)     Just like neanderthals drawing their experiences on a cave’s wall that has lasted until today.

6)     It’s just like the people you don’t like; you see them at the market, on the street, in a restaurant, etc.

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DALL·E 2024-11-07 20.38.42 - A playful scene featuring a corgi standing proudly in the foreground with an explosion happening behind it. The corgi is looking straight ahead with i

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1. We express ourselves creatively through art.

2. Cutting funding for the arts in primary and secondary schools implies that arts education is less significant and optional compared to science-focused subjects.

3. The arts should be viewed as equally essential as math and science courses in offering students a well-rounded education.

4. Society gains a deeper understanding of a culture’s history through its artistic expressions.

5. These historical periods encompass both artistic and scientific progress, not just one or the other.

6. Art and science are intertwined in shaping culture; without either, the world would be a less pleasant place to live.

7. A life with no art and culture would be so sad, senseless and boring that it is hard to think about it.

8. Erasing and minimizing art related federal fundings is a common suggestion made by trump's administration

9. Education needs art. What is charming about learning arts is that it allows students to be creative and independent.

10. Arts are a crucial aspect of culture. Educating without art limits a person, which results in a poor society.

11. For as long as humans have existed, art has been a vital instrument for people to be considered sophisticated and to preserve history.

12. Art should be seen as a priority in education for the creation of a society that develops creativity, meaning and growing culture

by: Alejandra Delgado and Francisca Madariaga

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Ángela Acevedo & Martín Contreras

1- Authors have referred to the importance of art and the detrimental consequences there would be if it wasn’t ingrained in our education system.

2- Art is immersed in every form of leisure and expression that surrounds us.

3- Previous state administrations have been very adamant to halt the capitalization of institutions that focus on the growth of different artistic disciplines.

4- Artistry’s influence on tutelage cannot be underestimated.

5- National artistic eminences have been targeted to curtailment of funds in order to give the government the chance to readjust funding in alternative fields.

6- Arts are at the same level of importance as other disciplines; they are established channels of erudition, wisdom and self-expression.

7- We get to a significant self-discovery and connection with the world through the waves of art,

fulfilling our souls along the way.

8- In virtue of art, each culture’s history is able to be deeply appreciated by humankind.

9- Since the existence of humanity, cultural refinement and historical recording have been marked essentially by art.

10- Arts are the fundamental aspects of culture and education, its absence leads to a precarious education steering to an inauspicious society.

11- The charm of educating students into arts is that it encourages the growth of innovative people with original thinking.

12- Nonetheless, the significant value of art is repeatedly doubted, set aside and widely disrespected

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1. Art embodies the inventive manifestation of personal thoughts and creative vision, reaching into every sphere of life and culture across the globe.

2. Reducing funding for arts education in Elementary and secondary schools often suggests that the arts are less essential and more optional compared to science-focused subjects.

3. Across the span of human history, art has served as a crucial means of assessing cultural depth and preserving historical narratives.

4. Art and science are intertwined in their influence on culture; the absence of either would diminish the quality of life.

5. Art surrounds us, permeating every aspect of life—from the books we read and films we watch to the architecture we appreciate and beyond.

6. The arts should be regarded as essential to education, fostering a vibrant society filled with expressive, imaginative individuals and flourishing cultural life.

7. They collaborate to influence culture; without either, what surrounds us would be less desirable to inhabit.

8. It serves as a bridge to deeper insights about the universe and our identities, infusing our spirits with fervor along the way.

9. Cutting the budget available for cultural subjects suggests that arts classes are less essential and more optional contrasted to the more science-focused.

10. It deserves to stand proudly alongside numbers and insects, not relegated to a lower level.

11. It's a vibrant manifestation of our thoughts and dreams, weaving its way into every nook and cranny of the earth.

12. Since the dawn of humanity, it has served as a vital instrument for gauging cultural refinement and chronicling our past.

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DALL·E 2024-11-07 20.58.48 - A game board that blends elements of the classic Battleship game with arts and literature. The grid is inspired by a battleship layout, but in

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Paraphrasing by Valentina Peñaloza and Nicolás Villarroel

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Paraphrasing by Valentina Peñaloza and Nicolás Villarroel

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1. Consider a world without arts — without music, movies, dance, books, or any of the numerous forms in which art is expressed.

2. Art is the imaginative release of personal thoughts and visions, filling every space around us.

3. Teaching art to students enhances their creativity and helps them become independent thinkers.

4. Art should be valued on par with subjects like math and science, not seen as less important.

5. For humanity, art has been a crucial way to gauge cultural development and document history.

6. Art is all around us — in the stories we read, the films we view, and the buildings we find beautiful.

7. Without one, the world would be less vibrant, as each offers a unique perspective for understanding and describing the world.

8. Art is a global expression of creativity, yet its importance should be valued, questioned, and addressed, especially through inadequate funding and education.

9. In comparison to science-focused subjects, arts education is presented as secondary and optional when funding in schools is reduced.

10. As enduring methods of learning, understanding, and self-expression, arts are equally important as the sciences.

11. It serves as a route to greater self-awareness and understanding, filling our hearts with passion.

12. The arts should not be justified by anything else when it comes to studying them.

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1- Due to expenses on other sectors, governments tend to cut the funding to departments and entities dedicated to the arts, so that they may use those funds on sectors more important to their eyes.

2- The greater support that science-centered disciplines tend to receive leads to the mental image that their more creative counterparts a are less essential for one's development.

3- Artistic disciplines are essential for scholastic achievements.

4- The scientific disciplines shouldn't have artistry playing as their second fiddle.

5- One of the foundational pillars for culture and society worldwide is that of Artistry.

6- Many groups of our species have made use of the artistic disciplines to leave record of their existence through still existing monuments or devices, some even from before we had written records.

By Martín Reed

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1- Due to expenses on other sectors, governments tend to cut the funding of departments that focus on artistry, so that those funds go to sectors that, to their eyes, are more important .

2- The greater support that science-centered disciplines tend to receive leads to the mental image that their more creative counterparts are less essential for one's development.

3- Artistic disciplines are essential for scholastic achievements.

4- The scientific disciplines shouldn't have artistry playing as their second fiddle.

5- One of the foundational pillars for culture and society worldwide is that of Artistry.

6- Many groups of our species have made use of the artistic disciplines to leave record of their existence through still existing monuments or devices, some even from before we had written records.

7- Following 2017, Trump’s government has made repeated efforts to get rid of and minimize the United States' monetary contribution to a wide array of establishments dedicated to preserving the arts and the humanities.

8- Such as the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the Humanities.

9- All people have been influenced by painting, dance, music or a performance.

10- Humans that appreciate and understand these subjects are deemed as more cultured than others

11- Art and science are intrinsically intertwined together for their contribution to modeling our way of life.

12- They are just a reflection of one another because both are ways to express the human imagination and mind, that is in a constant journey to understand and detail our society.

By Martín Reed and Varinka Zett

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1.     If we envision and eliminate the arts and heritage of the world, we are left with a gloomy, empty, and boring planet.

2.     Teaching and forging people cannot exist without arts.

3.     There are two very important components in an overarching education.

4.     Art profoundly influences cultures and societies worldwide.

5.     Through the art of a culture, society can gain a richer understanding of that culture's history.

6.     Art goes beyond language, political, social, and cultural divides, aiming to unite people as part of humanity rather than separate them.

7.     Prior to the emergence of language and writing, humans communicated their lives and stories through art, leaving cultural artifacts and structures that still stand today.

8.     Art permeates our surroundings; it is omnipresent, existing ubiquitously and simultaneously.

9.     We do not engage in reading and writing poetry merely for its charm; we immerse ourselves in poetry because we are part of the human race—a race brimming with profound passion.

10.  The arts should not be regarded as secondary or merely complementary to math and science; instead, they should be valued as equally essential in cultivating a well-rounded education for students.

11.  The arts ought not to be viewed as subordinate or simply adjunct to subjects like math and science; rather, they deserve recognition as equally vital in shaping a comprehensive education for students.

12.  This issue extends to the state level, where funding for art programs such as painting, sculpture, and music classes is frequently reduced.

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1.- A lack of financing and education is just one of the many ways that the value of the arts is continuously questioned and ignored.

2.- Science and art work together to shape culture. without both, the world would be a horrible place to live.

3.- Art has always been a vital instrument for documenting history and assessing the level of culture

4.- Instead, arts must have the same impact and be recognized as crucial in students' education

5.- The arts should be as important as any other course and not subordinate or supplementary to another.

6.- The arts have a huge impact on education.

7.- Art is the imaginative expression of someone’s thoughts and creativity, filling every corner of the world.

8.- Organizations like the NEA often face Cost-cutting from the government to allow for increased spending in other sectors.

9.- A 2016 study found that students who completed four years of arts courses scored, on average, 92 points higher on their SATs compared to those with fewer arts classes.

10.- The arts are an essential aspect of culture, and an education lacking them results in a diminished learning experience, ultimately leading to a less enriched society.

11.- Long before the development of language and writing, humans conveyed their lives and stories through art, leaving behind cultural artifacts and structures that endure to this day

12.- We don’t engage with poetry just for its charm; we do so because we belong to the human race, a race fueled by passion.

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1. Specialized papers have studied the effect of arts towards education, and how the lack of them can impoverish the society.

2. The Renaissance was a crucial moment for art and science.

3. It is a reflection of the world and our passions.

4. Society needs to be educated in order to create something meaningful.

5. The advancement of civilization works as a definition of every era.

6. Trump’s government tried to reduce the federal funding for institutions related to arts and humanities in 2017.

By Benjamín Pereira M.

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1. Society is doomed to be culturally deprived if there is a lack of education and awareness about the importance of the arts.

2. Creativity is woven into every part of our lives—in books, on TV, in magnificent buildings, and beyond.

3. Long before language and writing emerged, humans conveyed their lives and stories through art, leaving cultural artifacts and structures that remain with us today.

4. These periods in history encompass advancements in both art and science, rather than focusing on one over the other.

5. Instead, they should be regarded as equally essential in offering students a balanced schooling.

6. Across human history, art has been a crucial means of gauging cultural refinement and documenting the past.

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Battleship of Arts and Literature - Paraphrasing

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Battleship of Arts and Literature - Paraphrasing

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By Sofía Lataste

1) State budgets often trim art programs to make room for what are thought to be more important subjects like math and science, causing creative courses to fall by the wayside.

2) Teaching young people the arts encourages a unique kind of growth. It cultivates minds that think outside the box, building a strong sense of self and a flair for original thought, which brings fresh ideas and self-expression to the table.

3) Arts form the backbone of a well-rounded culture. If they are removed from education, both the learning experience and society as a whole suffer, resulting in a loss of depth and richness.

4) Long before spoken words, art was humanity’s first language and a way to share stories which are now immortal.

5) The Renaissance blended creative and scientific pursuits, sparking an era of profound growth.

6) Human society needs the two fundamental pillars of art and science to survive, otherwise it would fall into a life less vibrant and meaningful.

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1. The reduction of funds commanded by the government is usually done in companies such as the NEA, so the resources can be used by the government for other matters.

2. For the cultivation of knowledge and learning, the arts are of determining importance.

3. The arts should not be percieved as a complement neither trivial to math and science subjects.

4. Rather than featuring just one of them, the human progress made in science and arts was contemplated as part of these periods.

5. The nurture of culture is promoted by science and arts together — the lack of one of them would transform the world into a wicked place.

6. Its existence is the guidance for a deeper comprehension of us individually and our surroundings, boosting ourselves in motion with passion.

7. State budgets often trim art programs to make room for what are thought to be more important subjects like math and science, causing creative courses to fall by the wayside.

8. Teaching young people the arts encourages a unique kind of growth. It cultivates minds that think outside the box, building a strong sense of self and a flair for original thought, which brings fresh ideas and self-expression to the table.

9. Arts form the backbone of a well-rounded culture. If they are removed from education, both the learning experience and society as a whole suffer, resulting in a loss of depth and richness.

10. Long before spoken words, art was humanity’s first language and a way to share stories which are now immortal.

11. The Renaissance blended creative and scientific pursuits, sparking an era of profound growth.

12. Human society needs the two fundamental pillars of art and science to survive, otherwise it would fall a life less vibrant and meaningful.