# data[].attributes.body
In Afghani culture, there are many traditional medicine practices that they have put in place due to their limited access to Western medicine. These alternative medicine practices consist of herbal and homeopathic remedies, which are most commonly utilized; these remedies are often sold in bazaars (Communication Languages and Dialects, n.d.). Afghani people use traditional herbalists, known as “hakim,” who practice Unani medicine. Additionally, Afghani people seek spiritualists for healthcare as well as implementing many rituals, some of these include, writing healing prayers on a piece of paper and sewing it into a piece of cloth for the patient to wear around their neck for protection (Communication Languages and Dialects, n.d.).

Communication Languages and Dialects. (n.d.). Retrieved August 26, 2024, from https://sntc.medicine.ufl.edu/Content/Products/Downloads/Afghanistan%20Cultural%20Quick%20Reference%20Guide.pdf#:~:text=Afghan%20people%20may%20seek%20traditional

# data[].attributes.body
The traditional sport in Afghani culture is buzkashi. This sport is played by riders competing to capture and maintain possession of a goat or calf carcass (Azoy, 2020; Encyclopedia of National Dress, 2024). This carcass is dehoofed, decapitated, sometimes gutted and could weigh between 20kg and 50kg. There were only a few rules, including no weapons, grabbing of opponents' reins or hair, and biting. The objective of the sport is to gain sole control of the carcass and ride it away from all other riders in the game. The rules of the government-sponsored style are much clearer, which makes games easier to control than the original ones. (Azoy, 2020; Encyclopedia of National Dress, 2024)

Azoy, G. W. (2020). Buzkashī | game | Britannica. In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/sports/buzkashi

Encyclopedia of National Dress. (2024). Google Books. https://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en&lr=&id=LxfOEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=traditional+afghan+clothing&ots=kltFFK_l7r&sig=zl5aW1LvOITjaZK4SK96RBV9Uio#v=onepage&q&f=false

# data[].attributes.body
The traditional dress for Afghani women, men, and children includes trousers gathering at the waist along with a loose-fitting shirt or, for women, a loose-fitting dress (Encyclopedia of National Dress, 2024). There are different types of clothing that have significance within various religious groups; in the Pashtuns and Baluchis, the turban is what a boy is allowed to wear when he enters manhood. All women in Afghan communities wear a small or large rectangular headscarf/body covering, which can be known as a “chador.” The sizes of these vary depending on religion and personal preference, and they are made of extremely fine cotton or synthetic material (Encyclopedia of National Dress, 2024).

Encyclopedia of National Dress. (2024). Google Books. https://books.google.com.au/books?hl=en&lr=&id=LxfOEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=traditional+afghan+clothing&ots=kltFFK_l7r&sig=zl5aW1LvOITjaZK4SK96RBV9Uio#v=onepage&q&f=false

# data[].attributes.body
One extremely common health concern within the Afghani culture is Tuberculosis (TB) . Tuberculosis is a type of bacteria that mainly affects the lungs and is transmitted through droplets from sneezing and coughing. Tuberculosis is common due to the living conditions of a refugee and having limited access to healthcare. The first line of preventative treatment is 6-9 months of isoniazid, a type of antibiotic that helps by stopping the spread of the bacteria (Denholm et al., n.d.). The treatment used for Tuberculosis is well tolerated with a few adverse effects, which could include hepatotoxicity, which is more common among those with pre-existing liver conditions (Denholm et al., n.d.)

Denholm, J., Bailes , M., & Francis , J. (n.d.). Communication Languages and Dialects. Retrieved August 26, 2024, from https://sntc.medicine.ufl.edu/Content/Products/Downloads/Afghanistan%20Cultural%20Quick%20Reference%20Guide.pdf#:~:text=Afghan%20people%20may%20seek%20traditional

# data[].attributes.body
The World Health Organization's social determinants of health, social inclusion, and non-discrimination play a vital role when it comes to an Afghani refugee coming into Australia (World Health Organization, 2021). These determinants of health ensure that the individual is able to access any healthcare resources that they may need without being discriminated against due to language barriers, cultural misunderstandings, or biases. Social inclusion creates a friendly and supportive environment as well as a sense of belonging for these refugees, who will already be nervous about entering a new country. Without these determinants, the individual's physical health and mental health have the potential to deteriorate significantly (World Health Organization, 2021)

World Health Organization. (2021). Social Determinants of Health. Www.who.int. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_3

# data[].attributes.body
In the Afghani culture, there are many typical dishes that are made, but the dish that is considered a traditional dish is Kabuli pulao (Metro South Hospital and Health Service, The State of Queensland, 2015).. The way in which this dish is created is with rice that essentially gets cooked within the juices of the meat. It can be cooked with any meat, but the most common is lamb. Kabuli pulao can also be made vegetarian by swapping the meat for vegetables. The rice is cooked alongside the carrots and raisins; Kabuli pulao also contains onions, sugar, cardamom, cumin, and water. This dish is made and eaten on very special occasions (Metro South Hospital and Health Service, The State of Queensland, 2015).

Metro South Hospital and Health Service, The State of Queensland. (2015). Metro South Health | We care about you. Qld.gov.au. https://metrosouth.health.qld.gov.au

# data[].attributes.body
For me, the most relevant competency standard was 1.2, which outlines that clinicians recognise the impact of refugee-like experiences and ensure that they take that into account when they are doing their assessment (Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership, 2019). After completing this research assignment, I have enhanced my understanding of the Afghani culture. If I were ever in a situation with a refugee from Afghani or any refugee, I would understand the best ways to care for my patient. I feel like this skill is essential to have as you never know where your patient has come from or what they have been through to get here.

Migrant and Refugee Women’s Health Partnership. (2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds COMPETENCY STANDARDS FRAMEWORK FOR CLINICIANS. https://culturaldiversityhealth.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf