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1. How much air pollution was there? Where did it come from?

Air pollution was more common in large towns caused by dust, wood smoke, animal manure, tanneries (process of turning animal skin to leather), etc.

2. How much pollution was there? Where did it come from?

Water Pollution was not as evident during this time as religious laws often required clean water. However the sewage systems were not yet established so litter and trash were common in the streets and water

3. How did humans get most of the energy they needed to survive?

Some people, like the Greek, used solar energy while other relied mostly on hunting and gathering to replenish their bodies with nutrients and protein from food.

4. Was conservation being practiced anywhere in the world? How?

Around China, India, and Peru soil conservation was practiced by utilizing techniques like terracing, crop rotation, and natural fertilizer to avoid soil erosion.

5. Why was lead poisoning a problem?

During this age, metals such as iron were rapidly being exposed to humans, causing lead poisoning symptoms toward humans and the environment. The environment suffered decreased growth and reproductive rates in plants and animals, and humans suffered from neurological damage.

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1. How much water pollution was there?

Water pollution was often a result of animal waste, garbage, and animal carcasses.

2. How much wood was being harvested? What effects was this having?

Wood was used for charcoal burners, houses, boats, ships, weapons, etc, which resulted in major deforestation during the Middle Ages.

3. In what ways was disease affecting the world?

Diseases like the Bubonic plague, leprosy, smallpox, tuberculosis, and many other illnesses were widespread during this time which resulted in entire villages being wiped out, with the few survivors fleeing. With no one to tend to the fields, famine soon followed, further decreasing the survival rate of humans.

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What causes did people begin to take up to improve the world?

When the poor started bringing up social contracts asking for better working conditions.

What did Thomas Malthus predict?

Poverty and starvation would result from population growth exceeding the supply of food.

Give examples of new pollution affecting the world.

Light pollution, microplastic pollution, and chemical pollution.

Why did sanitation become so important?

When diseases started to spread like Typhus and smallpox, pure drinking water was dirty, and the environment was not healthy to live in.

How was the air pollution at this time?

From the use of coal, industrial factories, and mining, the air was heavily polluted with smoke and infecting people’s health.

How was the water pollution at this time?

Local water sources began getting infected as sewage systems were yet to be created and the air pollution started polluting the water.

What happened when the “Mother of the Forest” was cut down?

Its bark got shipped to London where two opposing opinions thought it was wrong to cut down what could’ve been the largest tree in the world or in shock of how well the trunk was able to store water. Later, 240 miles from San Francisco, a tourist built a hotel next to Mother of the Forest, this made Easterners feel the duty to protect nature.

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1.  What types of reforms were occurring?

Some types of reforms were campaign finance, civil service, anti lobbying laws, state income and inheritance taxes, child labour restrictions, pure food, and workmen’s compensation laws

2. What did Theodore Roosevelt fight for?

Theodore Roosevelt fought for his “square deal” domestic policies, which is for fairness for everyone, regulating railroads,  pure drugs and food, and breaking bad trusts.

3. What new organizations were formed?

Some organizations that were formed are national consumers league, the american civil liberties union, the national association of the advancement of colored people, the women’s trade union league, the urban league, and the sierra club.

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What was the purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League?

The purpose of the National coast anti pollution league is to stop oil dumping.

2. What type of gasoline was used for the first autos?

It was “straight run” gasoline or “regular gasoline”.

3. What was the chemurgy movement fighting for?

The chemurgy movement was fighting to find nonfood uses for agricultural surpluses.

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1. What lead people to believe there was a air pollution crisis?

There was a combination of pollution events, health impacts, the public getting concerned.

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1.  What was the “burning river?”

The 1969 Cuyahoga River fire is (in)famous because it served as a catalyst for the US environmental movement, which included the founding of the inaugural Earth Day.

2. What is the name of Rachel Carson’s book that started modern environmentalism?

Rachel Carson's Silent Spring, published in 1962, was a landmark in the development of the modern environmental movement.

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1. What government agency is founded? EPA. Environmental Protection Agency.

EPA was created on December 2, 1970, by President Richard Nixon to protect human health and the environment.

2. How was air pollution reduced?

The Clean Air Act created a law to reduce the amount of carbon monoxide by using new resources for industrial facilities.

3. How was water pollution reduced?

The Clean Water Act (CWA) passed in 1972 established regulation on water pollution by preventing oil and waste from entering water.

4. What two new sources of pollution begin causing concern?

Chemical pollution from the industrial process, mining, and waste and urban air polling in urban areas began causing concern to people’s health.

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1.  What major disasters occurred during this time?

The Chernobyl nuclear disaster occurred in 1986, releasing massive amounts of radioactive material into the environment, and the 1989 San Francisco earthquake caused significant destruction and loss of life in the Bay Area.

2. What two major issues involving the Earth’s atmosphere arise?

The ozone layer depletion became a critical concern due to chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), leading to the Montreal Protocol in 1987, and global warming emerged as a major issue, with increasing awareness of the greenhouse effect and rising carbon dioxide levels.

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1.  How did the Gulf War create pollution?

The Gulf War led to massive oil spills and burning wells, causing severe pollution.

2. What does China construct that causes much controversy?

China’s construction of the Three Gorges Dam sparked controversy over its environmental and social impacts.

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1.  What final act did President Clinton sign into law?

Clinton signed the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000 into law.

2. How does the Bush presidency handle global warming and climate change?

The Bush administration was criticized for not supporting the Kyoto Protocol.

3. How does the world react to leaded gasoline?

Leaded gasoline was largely phased out due to its health and environmental hazards.