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Ancient Civilizations BC-1200 A.D. (Daniel Avila)

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Ancient Civilizations BC-1200 A.D. (Daniel Avila)

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1.  How much air pollution was there?  Where did it come from? In Ancient Rome, air pollution was typically found in pre-industrial cities where people burned wood and worked in crafts and industries

2. How much water pollution was there?  Where did it come from? Odors and runoff from garbage, sewage, and industries such as smelting or tanning polluted the water.

3. How did humans get most of the energy they needed to survive? Ancient Rome had solar-powered pumps

4. Was conservation being practiced anywhere in the world?  How? Sri Lankan elephant conservationist Jawantha Jayewardene. Persuaded, the king became a Buddhist and “decreed that no one should kill or harm any living being,”

5. Why was lead poisoning a problem? Romans used lead acetate to sweeten old wine and turn grape pulp into a sweet condiment.

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Middle Ages and Renaissance (Daniel Avila)

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Middle Ages and Renaissance (Daniel Avila)

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1.  How much water pollution was there? Water pollution was less of a problem then it would later become.

2. How much wood was being harvested?  What effects was this having? massive amounts of wood were being burned and it was polluting the air to the point where it was unendurable.

3. In what ways was disease affecting the world? The plague devastated Europe in the 1300s but led to the beginnings of a public health system.

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(Daniel Avila)

1. What causes did people begin to take up to improve the world? The enlightenment, this was a period in time when society moved away from superstitions and towards science.

2. What did Thomas Malthus predict? Malthus observed that plants and animals produce far more offspring than can survive, and thought that Man would also be capable of overproducing unless family size was regulated.

3. Give examples of new pollution affecting the world. One example of new pollution is the use of pesticides, pesticides contaminate soil and vegetation, polluting the environment.

4.  Why did sanitation become so important? Sanitation is very important to decrease the spread of illness.

(Anshul)

13. How was the air pollution at this time? Pretty bad to the point where people were not taking in fresh air.

14. How was the water pollution at this time? A lot of chemical, runoff, oil, unhealthy water

15. What happened when the “Mother of the Forest” was cut down? “The beds of rivers, remaining dry during part of the year, are converted into torrents whenever great rain falls on the heights… | There were new acts to protect some forests.

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1.  What types of reforms were occurring?

The type of reforms that were occurring at this time was cleaning up the city (clean drinking water, deep cleaning of the city) and saving the wildlife with laws and contracts.

2. What did Theodore Roosevelt fight for?

Theodore Roosevelt fought for wildlife protection and preservation. Roosevelt himself was a hunter but he also cared about the wildlife and created many pacts and laws to protect them. (wildlife refuge system )

3. What new organizations were formed?

National Audubon Society, N.Y. State Association for the Preservation of Game

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1.  What was the purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League?

The purpose of the National Coast Anti-Pollution League was to stop oil dumping

2. What type of gasoline was used for the first autos?

THe new type of gasoline that was used for the first autos was Leaded gasoline

3. What was the chemurgy movement fighting for?

The chemurgy movement was fighting for industrial use of renewable agricultural resources

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1. What lead people to believe there was a air pollution crisis?

Hundreds and thousands of people were sick from the smoke of steel and zinc when they were trapped in a 4 day inversion. There were doctors and nurses that would go from house to house to give people adrenaline and oxygen and that's what made people think there was a crisis

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1.  What was the “burning river?”

The burning river was the Cuyahoga River in Ohio which set on flames 5 stories high from oil and chemical pollution

2. What is the name of Rachel Carson’s book that started modern environmentalism?

The name of Rachel Carson's book that modern environmentalism is called: “Reaction to Silent Spring”

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1. What government agency is founded?

December 2nd 1970 the Environmental Protection Agency was founded by Richard Nixon. It was created to work on the U.S.’s effort to publicize and address environmental challenges and protect the safety of all of the health risks pollution caused.

2. How was air pollution reduced?

Many things that had caused air pollution were changed so it could better improve and not affect the Earth’s ecosystem, and atmosphere, and cause any human risks. Stricter laws were implemented to have higher standard such as the Clean Air Act. Vehicle emissions were also decreased to reduce carbon monoxide emissions that cause respiratory and other health risks. Factories which were a main factor cut down on emissions and were much cleaner. Lastly, devices for vehicles such as catalytic converters were invented to clean the air being emitted from vehicles.

3. How was water pollution reduced?

The Clean Water Act was established for better water quality, Wastewater treatments were improved this was done to reduce the sewage and pollutants in the water. Better filtration was also created. More people were made aware of the efforts to reduce pollution through the EPA.

4. What two new sources of pollution begin causing concern?

Two new pollutants that raised concerns were Acid Rain and Chemical contaminants. Pesticides such as DDT, and PCBs cause harmful wildlife effects and put a risk to human health. Acid Rain was emissions of sulfur dioxide caused by industrial emissions, and vehicle emissions. It harmed the earth’s ecosystem and was a big concern.

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1. What major disasters occurred during this time?

The Chernobyl disaster took place which was a power plant in Ukraine that exploded, its effect led to large amounts of radioactive materials in the atmosphere. Another disaster that took place was the Bhopal gas tragedy. It was a gas leak that took place in India in a pesticide plant, it led to many deaths severely contaminated the air, and harmed the ecosystem.

2. What two major issues involving the Earth’s atmosphere arise?

The first major issue was Ozone depletion, it thinned out the Earth's ozone layer caused by chlorofluorocarbons which caused UV radiation which impacted Earth’s atmosphere, and ecosystem, and caused health risks like skin cancer, and eye damage.

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1. How did the Gulf War create pollution?

The Gulf War caused much air pollution due to six and a half million gallons of oil being burned daily during the oil disaster and also caused soil and water pollution.

What does China construct that causes much controversy?

2. What does China construct that causes much controversy?

China constructed the Three Georges Dam which faced controversy because of the relocation of millions of people, damaging the ecosystem where it was located in the Yangtze River.

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1. What final act did President Clinton sign into law?

He signed the Leaded Gasoline Act which aimed to help with lead pollution and lessen health risks

2. How does the Bush presidency handle global warming and climate change?

The Bush presidency handled global warming and climate change in a way that wouldn’t get backlash. They didn’t mandate or require climate regulations. During his presidency, he prioritized fossil fuels over renewable energy.

3. How does the world react to leaded gasoline?

Many handled it negatively as they saw it as having an impact on human health and that it caused issues within the human body, it was also seen as harm to the ecosystem because of soil and water contamination.