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The Elizabethan Poor Laws were an attempt to solve social issues in England by assisting the poor. There were two categories: those who were deemed worthy and those who were deemed unworthy. Those who were deemed worthy and were helped by the Elizabethan Poor Laws were the elderly, the physically disabled, widows, children, and mothers. Men, single women, and children born out of wedlock were not helped by this method. Men were expected to work, and single women were expected to get married. These laws were put in place to ensure that the worthy were housed, fed, and had clothes on their backs. Children protected by these laws also had opportunities to receive an education. These laws were put in place as a temporary, as needed aid to the poor. These laws were also only used in cases of emergency.

Information from Powerpoint in class and textbook.

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The Social Security Act was put into place in 1935. This is an insurance act for those who are 65 years or older, who are eligible to receive income after retirement. A common misconception of social security is that it is a lump sum of money that is drawn over a period of time. While it is drawn over a period of time, it is minimal income received after retirement, it is not a retirement plan. This act is an entitlement for those who have worked and paid into social security over time. The goal of the Social Security Act was to provide financial stability to elderly or unemployed individuals.

Information from PowerPoint and in class notes.

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The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is what used to be called the Food Stamp Program. This program is in place to assist those in need with purchasing food. Now, SNAP benefits are put onto a card that looks much like a credit card, and can be used at stores where it is accepted. Some things that can be bought using SNAP are fruits and vegetables, meat, dairy, snack foods, and bread. Something else that can be bought with SNAP are seeds, which can be used for growing your own fruits and vegetables. Things that can not be bought with SNAP are fast food, any ready to eat meals, alcohol, tobacco products, household supplies, or toiletries. SNAP also does not account for cleaning supplies, pet food, medications, or vitamins. SNAP is not a perfect system. It does not simply buy all the food needs for a family, it simply provides assistance with buying food. Minimums and maximums for those receiving SNAP vary from state to state.

Information from PowerPoint, in class notes, and quizlet.

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WIC is the Women, Infants, and Children program designed to help children and their mothers. This program is a federal grant program that assists with health care, food, and nutrition education for low-income women supporting children up to the age of 5. This program is in place for the following individuals: pregnant women, women who are breastfeeding, women dealing with postpartum, infants, and children up to and under the age of 5 years old. Some benefits to this program are food item vouchers and breast pumps, however, it is also on a "use it or lose it" status.

Information from PowerPoint and notes in class.

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Dorothea Dix led The Asylum Movement. This movement was a mental health bill that advocated for the expansion of the Worcester Insane Asylum. She also advocated for those with mental disabilities, created and obtained funding for mental institutions, and attempted to make people unafraid of asylums and those who were institutionalized. Franklin Pierce vetoed this bill, stating that by passing this bill, the federal government would be financially responsible for those who were institutionalized. Pierce was unwilling to support the steps to improve living conditions for those who were placed in institutions.

Information from Quizlet and textbook resources.

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This law supported the involuntary and unwanted sterilization of mentally disabled women who were institutionalized. This protected them from unwanted pregnancy, however, this sterilization was not a choice. It was forced on those who were suffering from physical and intellectual disabilities. This law was first enacted in Indiana in the year 1907 and as of 2022, thirty-one states, as well as Washington, D.C. still allow forced sterilization in mental institutions.

Information from textbook, Quizlet, and PowerPoints.

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Worker's Compensation is insurance that is provided by a company that has five or more employees. This insurance provides cash benefits and medical care for employees who may become injured as a result of their job. Typically with worker's compensation, the employee receives 2/3 of their original pay while out due to injury or illness. These laws were developed in the 1910's, but different states put them into action at different times.

Information from Quizlet and prior knowledge.

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Immigration Restriction Legislation (Immigration Act of 1924)

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Immigration Restriction Legislation (Immigration Act of 1924)

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The Immigration Restriction Legislation is also known as the Immigration Act of 1924. This legislation limited the amount of immigrants allowed in the United States. This law also established a national origins quota. This resulted in those who were immigrating to apply for Visas to come to the US. The applications were sent for review, then approved or denied based on the information that was provided, as well as the population status.

Information from Quizlet and textbooks.

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Unemployment Insurance is also known as the Federal Unemployment Tax Act, or FUTA. This act provides financial compensation to workers who have lost their jobs. This policy was put into place to help reduce the stress people undergo, should they lose their income. This act was put into place in 1939. This is a payroll tax that is put towards unemployment benefits. The tax rate of FUTA is 6%, and the base wage for FUTA is $7,000.

Information from federal websites and quizlet.

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The Works Progress Administration was created in 1935 by Franklin D. Roosevelt. This policy was a part of the New Deal plan to assist with the Great Depression. This act was an attempt to financially reform the economy. This act employed uneducated men to do public works projects. They build schools, hospitals, roads, sewer lines, etc. This was a way to help the economy and improve structures in the U.S., as well as presented many jobs for many people.

Information from prior knowledge and Quizlet.

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The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 provided laws for those who were employed. This act forced a minimum wage, a forty-hour maximum work week, and the base age when it is acceptable to hire someone (the age of 16). This law was passed to promise better working conditions and overtime pay, as well as eliminating child labor.

Information from prior knowledge

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The Japanese Interment Act is also referred to as Executive Order 9066. This act led to over 120,000 Japanese Americans being taken to internment camps during World War II. These camps were protected by armed guards and had barbed-wire fences around them. In rare cases, there were people killed in these internment camps, but for the most part, these camps were run in the most humane way possible. Though these camps were supposed to be operating humanely, many of the Japanese Americans taken to the internment camps were traumatized by their treatment. This act was signed in February of 1942 by Franklin D. Roosevelt after the Pearl Harbor attack. This was an attempt for Americans not to fear Japanese Americans. However, the Japanese Americans taken to internment camps were forced to leave their homes to live in these camps (against their will) for most of the war.

Information from prior knowledge and PowerPoints from this class and Cultural Diversity class.

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The Servicemen's Readjustment Act is also referred to as the G.I. Bill. This bill offers coverage for school and other expenses to active-duty service members, veterans, and qualified survivors. This bill offers assistance with funds for education, loans, and assistance finding jobs. In some cases, the G.I. Bill covers full college tuition, and in other cases, it covers up to $25,000 for tuition. This bill covers up to 36 months of education for those who qualify. One stipulation of this act is those who qualify must obtain a GPA of 2.0 or higher to continue to receive assistance.

Most information from prior knowledge, statistics from a chart I found online.

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Project Head Start was an experimental eight-week summer program. This program was tested to break the poverty cycle. This was a part of Lyndon B. Johnson's War on Poverty Act. This service was offered to low-income families with young children, to ensure the children had all of their needs met. This led to the children's growth and development as they got older to start school and be successful in doing so.

Information from Quizlet and textbook.

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The Community Mental Health Centers Act of 1963 was in place to provide federal funding to mental health institutions as well as research for mental health. This bill was signed by John F. Kennedy. This was an attempt to help people across the US with their mental illnesses. Another key point of this act was to provide better conditions for those who are struggling with mental illness while being institutionalized.

Information from PowerPoints from this class and cultural diversity class

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 eliminated discrimination against any person based on race, religion, sex, color, or national origin. This act went into effect on July 2, 1964. This act outlawed segregation and eliminated the Jim Crow Laws in places of business, no longer giving businesses the right to turn away customers based on their race, religion, sex, color, or national origin. This act also ended segregation in schools, libraries, and any other public place.

Information from prior knowledge and text book.

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Medicare is a federal program that assists the elderly population and those with disabilities with health insurance coverage. No one can be denied Medicare due to their health status, existing medical conditions, or their yearly income. This program is funded at both the federal and state levels. Medicare was established in 1965, and millions of people use it today. Medicare is also labeled as an Entitlement program. Medicare does not cover a long-term nursing home facility, dental services, hearing and vision exams, or glasses for those who need them.

Information from PowerPoint in class.

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The Medicaid program provides financial assistance to those below the poverty line who cannot afford medical care, or have a lack of resources. While Medicaid does not pay for the entire medical bill, it pays a percentage based on how much an individual makes per year. To receive Medicaid, the individual must work at least a part-time job. To receive Medicaid, you must be a US citizen, therefore, these services are not offered to those who are unregistered citizens.

Information from PowerPoint in class.

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The Older Americans Act was put into place in 1965. This is a Support Services Program to assist the elderly citizens of America. The purpose of this act is to provide America's elderly citizens with income during their retirement, good physical health, assistance with mental health, as well as long-term care services if needed. This act is targeted to those who are sixty and older. This act also includes Vulnerable Elder Rights Protection for the elderly.

Information from Cultural Diversity notes.

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The National Environmental Policy Act was put into place in January of 1970. In short, this act forces all branches of government to consider environmental factors before taking action. This includes the construction of buildings, highways, airports, etc. This act is in place to ensure that construction of new buildings or any other acts do the least harm to the environment.

Information from Quizlet and notes.

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The Supplemental Security Income Act is an assistance program that helps those who are 65 years or older, or those who have disabilities receive monthly benefits. These benefits are not based on yearly income, and are available to those who qualify for them. This program is a branch of Social Security, and is managed by the same administration. In some cases, those qualifying for SSI also receive food assistance. These services are available to elderly or disabled U.S. citizens, and can also be granted by Homeland Security to unregistered citizens.

Information from Cultural Diversity notes.

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Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act

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Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act

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The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act was put into place in 1973. The goal of this act was to prevent child abuse, as well as conduct a study of child abuse reporting. This was the first time the government took over the prevention of child abuse, and was a government-funded program. This program also conducted the investigation and prosecution of guardians who were abusing children. This was also helpful in identifying what child abuse actually is and how to identify the signs that indicate if a child is being abused.

Information from textbooks.

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Housing and Community Development Act of 1974

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Housing and Community Development Act of 1974

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The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 was a grant-based program in place to assist low-income families. The act established a CDBG for community projects. This act was also in place to provide federal assistance for community development, as well as housing laws. This act also was geared toward improving living conditions for low-income families, ensuring they were living in decent conditions. This act also made housing and mortgage insurance more available for low-income families.

Information from PowerPoints and textbooks.

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Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act

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Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act

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The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Act was established in 1974. The purpose of this act was to remove all juveniles from jails and lock-ups where adult inmates were present. This act also provided grants for juvenile lock-ups to provide proper treatment of the youth in the criminal justice system. This act also put an end to putting minors in jail-like institutions for rehabilitation.

Information from Cultural Diversity notes.

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Education for all Handicapped Children Act

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Education for all Handicapped Children Act

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The Education for all Handicapped Children Act was established in 1974, and signed into law by President Ford in 1975. This act provided funding for special education programs, as well as required all public education systems to integrate a special education program into their schools. The purpose of this act was to provide equal opportunities for education for those with mental and physical disabilities. The act ensured that all handicapped children received a proper education as well as the right to learn in an environment that was beneficial for them.

Information from Cultural Diversity notes and Quizlet.

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The Earned Income Tax Credit Act was made to assist low-income working people. This is a refundable tax credit for the taxpayers who have earned an income. Those who qualify for EITC can use their earned credit to reduce the taxes they owe. The system is designed with seven rules that have to be met to qualify. The rules are as follows:

The taxpayer's AGI has to be less than a specific amount

Must have a valid Social Security Number

Those filing cannot file as "Married Filing Separately"

They must be a US Citizen or a registered citizen

Cannot file Form 2555 or Form 2555-EZ

Investment income must be $3,400 or less.

Must have earned income

Information from Quizlet.

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The Indian Child Welfare Act is a federal act with the main focus being the protection of Native American children and tribes. This act was established in 1978. With this act, when Native American children are put up for adoption, extended family members, tribe members or an adoptive family of Native American heritage are the first ones who have rights to the Native American child. The child's tribe has the right to make the decision regarding the placement of the child.

Information from prior knowledge and textbook.

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Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act

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Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act

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The Adoption Assistance and Child Welfare Act was passed into law in the year 1980. The main goal of this act was family preservation, meaning taking children from the home is the last resort. This act's main goal was to keep children placed in their own homes. This act also attempts to protect families and parental rights of the children's guardians. This act enacted an 18 month limit for a child being in foster care before parental rights can be terminated. This program is overseen by the Department of Human Services, and is investigated through state and local agencies.

Information from textbook and Quizlet.

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The McKinney-Vento Homelessness Assistance Act was established in 1987. This federal law provides educational rights to homeless children. This act gives homeless children the right to attend school, have transportation to school, and provides homeless children with all the tools they need to be successful in school. This act was signed into law by President Ronald Reagan.

Information from textbooks and Quizlet.

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The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 was a law with the intention of preventing drug abuse. This law provided minimum sentencing of those who are caught using or selling drugs. The minimum sentence one could receive for any activities involving heroin, cocaine, or crack cocaine is 5 years. This act was originally signed into law by President Ronald Reagan in October of 1986. The act was revised in 1988, allowing the minimum of a 5 year conviction for those who possess these drugs, even if they did not have the intent to sell them.

Information from lecture in other classes and textbook.

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The Americans with Disabilities Act was signed into law in 1990 by President George H.W. Bush. The purpose of this law was to prohibit discrimination against those with disabilities. This act prohibited employers from turning people away simply because of disabilities, made transportation for those who are disabled more accessible, and gave those with disabilities access to state and government services and assistance. The purpose of this act was to provide those with disabilities with the same opportunities as those who are not disabled.

Information from PowerPoint and class notes.

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Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act

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Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act

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The Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act was signed into law in August of 1990 by President George H.W. Bush. The purpose of this act was to make HIV treatment more accessible to low-income people with HIV. This act also provided resources to prevent the spread of HIV, as well as provided access to treatment for those in all stages. This act also implemented the mandated reporting of all emergency staff who come into contact with HIV or any infectious disease within a 48 hour period. The act was named after a teenager who died from AIDS in 1990, who did not receive the proper treatment for his disease.

Information from Quizlet.

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The Family and Medical Leave Act was signed into law in February of 1993 by President Bill Clinton. This act provides protection of employees who need to take leave for personal illness or to take care of a loved one. This act provides employees with 12 weeks of unpaid leave to take care of these things, without the fear of losing their job. This also extends to women who are pregnant who will be giving birth, those who have to take leave to care for a family member, or even those who need to take leave for their mental health to receive the help they need. This law falls under the supervision of Wage and Hour Division of the Department of Labor.

Information from prior knowledge and textbook.

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The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act of 1993 was named after James Brady. James Brady was injured during an assassination attempt against President Ronald Reagan. This act required everyone who was applying to purchase a handgun get a background check before they were able to purchase. This act was signed into law by President Bill Clinton in November of 1993.

Information from Quizlet.

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The Violence Against Women Act of 1994 was a law to protect women. This bill was brought up in response to domestic violence, stalking, harassment, and sexual assault of women. This act included protection orders against predators, the Rape Shield Law which stopped victim-blaming of those who had been sexually assaulted, as well as sensitivity training for law enforcement so they knew how to handle the issues at hand. This act was signed into law in September of 1994 by President Bill Clinton.

Information from PowerPoint and class discussion.

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Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)

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Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)

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Temporary Assistance for Needy Families, also known as TANF, is a federal grant program that provides funding for families in need. As this is a temporary program, families may not use this service for more than 60 months. The goals of TANF are to:

assist families in need so they can afford to live in their own home

to end dependency on government benefits for parents in need

to reduce babies born out of wedlock

maintain two-parent families

This bill was signed into law by President Bill Clinton in August of 1996. To be eligible for TANF, you must be a U.S. citizen, you must work a certain number of hours, must have children, children must be vaccinated and attend school, and finally the earnings from work may not exceed $8,500 per month.

Information from PowerPoint and class discussion.

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Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA)

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Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (SORNA)

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The Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act is a federal law that requires sex offenders to register where they live, as well as forces them to notify their neighbors that they are a registered sex offender. They also have restrictions to the internet in some cases, and cannot live within so many feet of a park or a school. Another example of a stipulation of SORNA is the fact that sex offenders must place a sign in their yard on Halloween stating that they are unable to hand out candy.

Information from prior knowledge and Quizlet.

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The Defense of Marriage Act states that there will be no formal federal recognition of same-sex marriage. Under this act, states can refuse the licensing of same-sex marriages. This act defined marriage as an act between only a man and woman. This bill was signed into law by President Bill Clinton in September of 1996 and was overturned by the U.S. Supreme Court on June 26, 2015. (YAY!)

Information from prior knowledge, dates from Quizlet.

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The USA Patriot Act is an act that combats terrorism by tracing money that could be attached to known terrorist groups. These groups are constantly under surveillance. This also extends to money laundering, as this may be used as a cover-up for terrorist groups. USA Patriot an acronym. The official name of this act is Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism. This act was signed into law in October of 2001 by President George W. Bush.

Information from Quizlet.

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The No Child Left Behind Act is an extension of the Disabilities Education Act. This act ensures that all children have high standards for education, also ensuring they are receiving up-to-date learning. This act is federally funded, and low-income schools are given extra funds to put toward their learning programs. This act also puts aside money for learning programs that help children learn to read, as well as programs to help them with mathematics. Also with this program, schools have specific requirements they must meet with children's education, as a check-up to make sure the children are learning at the pace they should be. This can also be evaluated through standardized state testing. This bill was signed into law in January of 2002 by George W. Bush.

Information from Quizlet and textbooks.

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Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

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Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

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The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (also known as ObamaCare) had a goal of expanding healthcare coverage and equal access to all Americans. This act also had the intention of reducing the cost of healthcare, so it would be more accessible to low-income families. This service is offered to anyone whose employer does not offer healthcare insurance. This act did not only cover emergency services, but also covers:

wellness checks

prenatal care/ women's wellness

mental health

devices and services to those with chronic illness

lab tests (but only covered if something is found)

care for children

outpatient care

hospitalization

No one could be denied of this due to pre-existing conditions, nor can they be discriminated against for any other health issues. This act extends to the elderly, young adults, and women and children.

This act was signed into law by President Obama in March of 2010.

Information from Quizlet and Wikipedia (not a good source, I know, just for dates)

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Coronavirus Epidemic and Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act

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Coronavirus Epidemic and Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act

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The Coronavirus Epidemic and Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, also known as the CARES Act, was signed into law in March of 2020 by President Donald J. Trump. The purpose of this act was to provide stability for the nation while dealing with the Coronavirus and its complications with the economy. This included stimulus payments for families, loans for businesses, grants for healthcare and related industries, as well as the extension of unemployment benefits for those effected by the pandemic.

Information from Quizlet.

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The Black Lives Matter Movement is an activist movement protesting the violence toward black people. This movement is led primarily by African Americans. This movement was originally jumpstarted due to the violence against and killing of black individuals by law enforcement. This movement is a protest against the United States Criminal Justice System and its discrimination and brutality toward black people. This movement is widespread over social media, using slogans and forms of silent protest.

Information from Quizlet and prior knowledge.