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Pete Docter, and Ronnie Del Carmen. (2015) Inside Out [Film] United States: Walt Disney, Pixar Animation Studios

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Pete Docter, and Ronnie Del Carmen. (2015) Inside Out [Film] United States: Walt Disney, Pixar Animation Studios

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According to the DSM-5- TR (2022), Riley appears to be suffering from adjustment disorder.

“The development of emotional or behavioral symptoms in response to an identifiable stressor(s) occurring within 3 months of the onset of the stressor(s).”

(American Psychiatric Association, [APA], DSM-5-TR (2022)

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According to the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text revision). these symptoms or behaviors are clinically significant, as evidenced by one or both of the following:

1. Marked distress that is out of proportion to the severity or intensity of the stressor, taking into account the external context and the cultural factors that might influence symptom severity and presentation.

2. Significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

(American Psychiatric Association, [APA], DSM-5-TR (2022)

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When Riley and her family arrived in San Francisco, they maintained an optimistic attitude toward their new home and community.

Riley shows symptoms of drawing away from family and friends:
- difficult making friends at new school

- Lashing out at parents(yelling at dinner table, loss of appetite, sleeping problem

- Not having a love to play hockey in a new environment
- She skips school and run away to a bus station after stealing her mothers credit card

- clings to layers of black and gray clothing

Pete , Docter, and Ronnie, Del Carmen. (2015)

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As a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, people have been unable to cope with instant changes. Billions of people experience stress and strain within a very short time.

In Riley's case, as stated, she struggles to cope with moving, controlling her emotions, and, most importantly, losing her self-identity.

Lotzin et al. (2021)

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Dysfunctional - Moving from Minnesota, change of environment(losing/ making friends), new hockey team, loss of appetitive, sleep deprivation.

Distress - new home(disgusting room, fear), memories from old environment to new environment, family stress, first day at new school

Deviance - Low mood, lack of sleep, appetite and concentration, stealing and lying.

Danger - Skipping school to run away after stealing moms credit card

(The Internet Journal of Psychiatry, 2009 Volume 1 Number 1)

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Frequency - It would appear to be at least four times a day with very high to low mood changes.

Duration -  Symptoms in Riley began within the first three months after returning home and persist for no more than six months.

Intensity- Acute

Docter, & Del Carmen. 2015 [Film]

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It is estimated that between 5% and 20% of outpatients suffer from adjustment disorder. It is possible that female rates are higher.

In the 1990s, adjustment disorder accounted for up to 50% of all diagnoses.

(American Psychiatric Association, [APA], DSM-5-TR (2022)

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Myth
- There are only one type of adjustment disorder
- Adjustment disorder is not a long-term mental illness
- Adjustment disorder and PTSD are two distinct mental health diagnoses
- Both negative and positive stressors can result in an adjustment disorder.
- An adjustment disorder is a diagnosable mental health condition that should be taken seriously.

(Deveney , Renee , The Recovery Village, (2022)

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Talk therapy
- Provide emotional support
- help patient get back to normal routine
- stress-management and coping skills
- learn why you were stressed

(Mayo Clinic , Adjustment Disorders, (2017)

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- stay connected with social groups(friends and loved ones)
- do something that gives a sense of accomplishment
- face fear and accept challenges
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle

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American Psychiatric Association. (2022). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed., text revision). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787

Davis, T. (2009). Conceptualizing psychiatric disorders using "Four D's" of diagnoses. The Internet Journal of Psychiatry 1(1).

Deveney, R. (2022). 5 myths about adjustment disorder: Adjustment disorder. The Recovery Village. https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/adjustment-disorders/adjustment-disorder-myths/

Lotzin, A., Kraus, L., Acquarini, E., Ajdukovic, D., Ardino, V., Arnberg, F. (2021). Risk and protective factors, stressors, and symptoms of adjustment disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic - First results of the ESTSS COVID-19 Pan-European ADJUST Study. European Journal of Psychotraumatology 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2021.1964197.

Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2017, October 25). Adjustment disorders. Mayo Clinic. Retrieved September 30, 2022, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adjustment-disorders/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20355230