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Roman mythical origins - Santiago Zorrilla Saavedra and Andres Felipe Jimenez Diaz

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Roman mythical origins - Santiago Zorrilla Saavedra and Andres Felipe Jimenez Diaz

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Dual origin structure: Romans combined a Trojan lineage (Aeneas) with a native Italian foundation (Romulus and Remus)

Aeneas: Trojan hero who survived the Trojan War; his journey to Italy linked Rome to Greek mythology; ancestor of the Roman people

Virgil’s Aeneid: Deliberately mirrored Homer’s Greek epics to position Rome as the destined heir to Greek civilization

Romulus and Remus: Twin sons of Mars, abandoned and raised by a she-wolf

Foundation of Rome: Romulus killed Remus and became the first king in 753 BCE

Divine ancestry: Aeneas (son of Venus) and Romulus (son of Mars) gave Rome dual divine origins

Purpose: Myths provided cultural legitimacy, explained Rome’s destiny, and celebrated Roman values (duty, war, order)

Greek influence adapted: Romans adopted Greek myths but reshaped them to emphasize Roman identity and imperial mission

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ROMAN KINGS Sarah Sole, Jorge Castro, Isabella Sandoval

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ROMAN KINGS Sarah Sole, Jorge Castro, Isabella Sandoval

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Romulus ( 753-715 BCE)

Romulus and Remus were twin sons of Mars (god of war) and Rhea Silvia.

They were abandoned as babies but survived thanks to a she-wolf and a shepherd.

They founded a city on Palatine Hill, but Romulus killed Remus after a conflict.

Romulus became the first king of Rome (753–715 BCE).

Rome lacked women, so Romulus tricked and abducted the Sabine women.

The Romans and Sabines later made peace and agreed to alternate their kings.

Numa Pompilius (715-673 BCE)

Numa Pompilius was the second king of Rome (715–673 BCE) and was Sabine.

He was known as a peaceful ruler, unlike Romulus.

Legend says Romulus became a god (Quirinus), and Numa promoted his worship.

Numa organized Roman religion: created the religious calendar and rituals.

He established important cults (Quirinus, Mars, Jupiter).

He also founded the Vestal Virgins, priestesses serving Rome.

Many of these achievements are likely legends, not fully historical facts.

A myth claims he was a student of Pythagoras, but this is impossible and considered false.

Tullus Hostilius (672–641 BCE)

Tullus Hostilius was the third king of Rome and was more warlike than even Romulus.

His grandfather Hostus Hostilius was already a war hero, charging solo against the Sabines.

He destroyed Alba Longa and absorbed its population, doubling Rome's size overnight.

He built the first Roman Senate chamber, the Curia Hostilia, named after him.

His downfall was ignoring the gods throughout his reign.

When a plague hit, he botched religious rituals and, according to legend, Jupiter struck him down with lightning.

He transformed Rome from a small city into a regional military power.

Ancus Marcius (640–617 BCE)

Ancus Marcius was the fourth king of Rome and grandson of Numa Pompilius.

Unlike Tullus, he focused on building and expanding rather than pure conquest.

He built the first bridge over the Tiber River, the Pons Sublicius.

He reportedly founded the Port of Ostia, giving Rome its first access to sea trade.

He seized control of nearby salt pans, a highly valuable resource at the time.

He expanded Roman territory by claiming Janiculum Hill and settling Aventine Hill.

Tarquinius Priscus (616–578 BCE)

Tarquinius Priscus was the fifth king of Rome, originally named Lucomo, and was half-Greek, half-Etruscan.

His wife Tanaquil, a prophetess, convinced him to move to Rome and seek power.

He rebranded as Lucius Tarquinius and became guardian to the sons of King Ancus Marcius.

When Ancus died, he seized the throne himself, bypassing the king's own sons.

He expanded the Senate to 300 members, launched the Roman Games, and began building Rome's first city walls.

The sons of Ancus eventually assassinated him in 578 BCE.

His wife Tanaquil outmaneuvered everyone after his death by placing her son-in-law Servius Tullius on the throne.

Tarquinius Priscus was the fifth legendary king of Rome (616–578 BCE). Of supposed Greek origin, he seized the throne after King Ancus Marcius died. He was later assassinated by Ancus’ sons. His wife, Tanaquil, ensured that Servius Tullius became king. He is credited with expanding the Senate, creating the Roman Games, and starting Rome’s city wall.

Servius Tullius was the sixth king of Rome (578–535 BCE). He rose to power through the schemes of Tanaquil, who believed in his destiny. During his reign, he built a temple to Diana on the Aventine Hill. He was later killed by his daughter and her husband, Tarquinius Superbus, who then took the throne.

Tarquinius Superbus was the last king of Rome (534–509 BCE) and grandson of Tarquinius Priscus. Known as “the Proud,” he ruled as a tyrant, suppressing the Senate and waging wars against nearby cities. After military defeats, he fled Rome, marking the end of the monarchy.

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ROMAN REPUBLIC/ Erick V- Valentina A- Maria L

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ROMAN REPUBLIC/ Erick V- Valentina A- Maria L

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Origins: Rome connected its beginnings to the myth of Aeneas and later overthrew its kings in 509 B.C.E. to create a republic; Government: power was shared between the Senate, magistrates, and assemblies to avoid one ruler; Society: inequality between patricians and plebeians caused conflict and led to political reforms; Expansion: Rome strengthened itself through wars and became the dominant power in the Mediterranean; Crisis and Fall: growing tensions, including the reforms of the Gracchus brothers, led to instability and the eventual collapse of the Republic.

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Julius Caesar - Antonio Fernandez and Samuel Rodriguez

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Julius Caesar - Antonio Fernandez and Samuel Rodriguez

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Born: July 12, 100 BCE, Rome

Famous For: Brilliant general, politician, and dictator who ended the Roman Republic

Major Achievements:

Conquered Gaul (modern France)

Crossed the Rubicon (49 BCE) → started civil war

Created the Julian Calendar (still used today)

Expanded Roman citizenship and reformed government

Death: Assassinated on the Ides of March (March 15, 44 BCE) – stabbed 23 times by senators

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- Founding of Rome by Romulus

- Establishment of monarchy and early institutions

- Rule of successive kings

- Strong Etruscan influence

- Growth of Rome as a city

- Overthrow of the last king

- Beginning of the Roman

- Republic Creation of two consuls

- Conflict between patricians and plebeians

- Secession of the Plebs

- Creation of the Tribune of the Plebs

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Ruled Rome from 69 to 96 CE

Included the emperors Vespasian, Titus and Domitian.

It began after the chaos of the Year of the Four Emperors when Vespasian rose to power and restored stability.

Vespasian strengthened the economy and started major construction projects like the Colosseum.

Vespasian’s son, called“Titus”, completed it and managed crises such as the Eruption of Mount Vesuvius

Domitian continued strengthening the empire but ruled more strictly and was eventually assassinated.

The Flavian Dynasty stabilized Rome, improved its economy, and left important monuments and political foundations for future emperors.

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Golden Age: stability, maximum expansion, and rule by adoption

Maria Paula Rodriguez and Juan Nicolas Ordoñez

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The late Roman Empire (Maria Jose Contreras, Felipe Gomez)

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The late Roman Empire (Maria Jose Contreras, Felipe Gomez)

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CONSTATINE THE GREAT Maria Jose Almanza, Amanda Pacheco, Mariana Reina Chavarro

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CONSTATINE THE GREAT Maria Jose Almanza, Amanda Pacheco, Mariana Reina Chavarro

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Battle of the Milvian Bridge (312 CE): Vision of the Christian cross led him to support Christianity.

Edict of Milan (313 CE): Legalized Christianity and returned confiscated church properties.

Sole Ruler of Roman Empire (324 CE): Defeated rivals to unite East and West under his rule.

Moved Capital to Constantinople: Shifted political and cultural center, laying foundations for the Byzantine Empire.

Christian Patronage and Legacy: Built churches, elevated clergy, convened the Council of Nicaea, and influenced Christianity for centuries.