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This NPC describes the ability of biodiversity (at the  genetic, organism, habitat or ecosystem scale)  to provide variability and different options that may impact on future well-being. An example is having genetic diversity within biological  populations that provides the population with  more resistance to environmental change and thus more resilient into the future. This facilitates their ongoing contributions to people. Both  indicators selected to measure this NPC are show a decline over the last 50 years with 'species'survival probability' having high certainty in the decline and 'phylogenetic diversity' having a decline that is established but with incomplete data. 

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This NPC describes the ability of biodiversity (at the  genetic, organism, habitat or ecosystem scale)  to provide variability and different options that may impact on future well-being. An example is having genetic diversity within biological  populations that provides the population with  more resistance to environmental change and thus more resilient into the future. This facilitates their ongoing contributions to people. Both  indicators selected to measure this NPC are show a decline over the last 50 years with 'species'survival probability' having high certainty in the decline and 'phylogenetic diversity' having a decline that is established but with incomplete data. 

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Habitat creation and maintenance has decreased over the past 50 years and this trend is well established. Indicators include extent of suitable habitat and biodiversity intactness.

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Food and Feed has both increased and decreased in different areas. There has been a well-established increased in the extent of agricultural land and the potential land for material production but there has been a well-established decreased in the abundance of marine fish stocks

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Production of fuels from biomass.
Measured by extent of forested land.
Has a steadily decreasing trend.

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Regulation of climate has decreased over the past 50 years and the trend remains subject to change and could continue in both directions. Indicators for the regulation of climae involve the amount of prevented emissions and the uptake of greenhouses gases by ecosystems

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Physical and psychological experiences has seen a well-established decrease, although this decrease is not quite as extreme as other categories. The indicator used for this is the area of natural and traditional landscapes and sea scapes

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The balancing of co2 and o2 within the earths atmosphere

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Globally over 50 years the trend has decreased however remains consistent directionally across regions

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Life fulfilling function - Physically and physiologically beneficial activities, healing, recreation and aesthetic enjoyment. Such as provision of national parks such as Yellowstone for tourists.

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Learning and inspiration has decreased over the past 50 years. This trend is considered established but incomplete. Indicators that are used to measure this trend is the number of people living in close proximity to nature and the diversity of life from which to learn from

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Regulation of climate (#4) trend has been decreasing over the last 50 years. This trend is established but incomplete. An indicator is prevented emissions and uptake of GHG by ecosystems.

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2- Pollination and dispersal of seeds & other propagules 

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2- Pollination and dispersal of seeds & other propagules 

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This is the study of the dispersal of seeds that allow new plants to grow. The current trend is a well-established downward trend, and the indicators used to measure this NCP is the diversity of pollinators, and the extent of natural habitat in agricultural areas.

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2. Pollination and dispersal of seeds and other propagules 

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2. Pollination and dispersal of seeds and other propagules 

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- overall trend is a consistent strong decrease, and the certainty is well established
- indicators - pollinator diversity and extent of natural habitat in agricultural areas

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the generation and continuity of suitable living conditions for various living species, well established consistent global decline over the past 50 years. Indicated by extent of suitable habitat and intactness of biodiversity.

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Regulation of air quality - #3
Although the regulation of air quality is a known & critical issue, it is still an ongoing issue despite being established (established but incomplete). Carbon emissions are the highest they have ever been, and with the increasing global population, carbon emissions will continue to increase. Indicators include air pollutants emitted by ecosystems.

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The regulation of detrimental organisms is expected to continue decreasing over the span of 50 years. This NCP is measured using the extent of natural habitat in agricultural areas and and the diversity of disease hosts.

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-  well established initial decrease and then increase

- indicators: extent of agricultural land – potential for bioenergy production and extent of forested land

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Pollination and dispersal of seeds and other propagules

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Pollination and dispersal of seeds and other propagules

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This NPC is defined as facilitation by animals of movement of pollen among flowers, and dispersal of seeds, larvae or spores of organisms beneficial or harmful to humans. This has a decreasing trend which has been well established using the indicators pollinator diversity and extent of natural habitat in agricultural areas.

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This trend is established but not complete over the last 50 years the indicator tells that the trend hasn't changed much but over regions there is variation

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16. Physical and psychological experiences

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16. Physical and psychological experiences

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- well established consistent decrease

- indicators: area of natural and traditional landscapes and seascapes

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Energy's (#11) trend has decreased then increased over the last 50 years, and is well established. Indicators include the extent of agricultural land, the potential land for bioenergy production, as well as the extent of forested land.

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Over the 50 year trend it has increased and decreased and increasing in this point in time. As agriculture has allowed for potential food and fish farms have also given birth to food options.

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Food and Feed – From wild, managed or domestic organisms from all sources. Such as recreational fishing

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pollination and dispersal of seeds and other propagules

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pollination and dispersal of seeds and other propagules

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has been steadily decreasing for the past 50 years, measured by biodiversity of pollinators and natural community present in agricultural areas

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Landscapes/ seascapes e.t.c is a basis for many cultural/ religious/ social cohesion experiences throughout history.
Sense of place and identity that is connected to different environments and the lifestyle that it provides.
Is a basis for narratives, rituals and celebrations.
Can create a sense of satisfaction of knowing that a ecosystem/ landscape/ seascape exists.

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Food and feed has decreased and then somewhat increased over time, which is well established. This relates to the potential of agricultural land and marine fish to provide food sources. This is variable.

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burning of fuels from biomass, well established declines and increases in different parts of the world over the past 50 years. Indicated by extent of agricultural land – potential land for bioenergy production, and extent of forested land

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Physical and psychological experiences (#16) trend has seen a well-established decrease over the past 50 years. Indicators include areas of natural and traditional landscapes and seascapes.

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The abundance and availability of food that can be harvested from the environment. The trend it has showed that it was a downward in the past, but now it is slowly moving upwards (both well established trends). The indicators for this are the extent of land of agriculture used for food and feed production, and the abundance of marine fish stocks.

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From nature there has been a decrease, as the number of people live more within cities and cbds instead of natural areas. And the diversity to learn from has also decreased.

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Learning and inspiration has greatly decreased over time as people start to live and learn less closely to nature. This is established, but incomplete.

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Ocean Acidification is the process in which the ocean becomes more acidic as it absorbs C02 into itself from the atmosphere.  An example of this is in the Gulf of Mexico with its reefs that are sensitive to change. They measure ocean acidification by the capacity to sequester carbon by marine and terrestrial environments. The 50-year trend is established but not complete and is showing a consistent trend.

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This NPC is defined as production of food from wild, managed, or domesticated organisms, such as fish, bushmeat and edible invertebrates, beef, poultry, game, dairy products, edible crops, wild plants, mushrooms, honey. This also includes production of feed (forage and fodder) for domesticated animals (e.g. livestock, work and support animals, pets) or for aquaculture, from the same sources. The indicators for this NPC is the extent of agricultural land (potential land for food and feed production), which has an increasing trend that has been well established, and the abundance of fish stocks, which has a decreasing trend that has been well established.

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This is the ability of biotic communities in the ocean and on land to sequester carbon, primarily done by phtosynthetic organisms. This impacts the processes of calcification in many species, e.g. echinoderms, which are important to humans. It has been mostly stable in the last 50 years but is predicted to become more unstable in the future

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Medicinal, biochemical and genetic resources

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Medicinal, biochemical and genetic resources

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The availability of chemicals found in plant and animal products that can be used in medicine and nutrition. This is indicated by the fraction of species in a locality known to be used medically and phylogenic diversity. Both of these are consistently decreasing over the past 50 years.

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Information that can be gathered from the ecosystems, and taking examples from nature to advance humanity. It has an established but incomplete downward trend. The indicators for this are the number of people in close proximity to nature, and the diversity of life from which to learn from.

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This regulation environmental process has been shown to have a well established significantly negative trend over the past 50 years consistently globally. The regulation of this service is crucial to almost all life on earth as plants are primary producers. Humans also benefit not only as plants are a food source and a source of oxygen, plants also provide many aesthetic pleasures to humans and cultural uses as many indigenous peoples have cultural and personal connections to nature including plants.

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Pollination and dispersal of seeds and other propagules

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Pollination and dispersal of seeds and other propagules

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This NCP has seen a strong decrease with a high level of certainty over the last 50 years. It is measured using pollinator diversity and the extent of natural habitat in agricultural areas.

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This NCP has seen variability in its trends. If I’m reading the figure right, it initially experienced a strong decrease in the beginning of the 50-year trend, but has seen a moderate increase in recent years. These trends have a high level of certainty. It is measured as the extent of agricultural land (ie. The potential land for food and feed production) and the abundance of marine fish stocks.

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This NCP has seen strong decrease with a moderate level of certainty over the last 50 years. It is measured with the number of people living in close proximity to nature, and the diversity of life nearby.

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“Regulation of air quality” refers to the quality of breathable air and the pollutants that impact this overall quality. The 50-year trend for regulation of air quality shows gradual decrease with established but incomplete certainty. The indicator used to measure this trend is retention and prevented emissions of air pollutants in ecosystems.

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“Energy” refers to the useable energy (biomass-based fuels) that can be produced and used by people in a variety of ways, including agricultural, recreational, and general living. This energy can be in the form of biofuel crops, animal waste, fuelwood, agricultural residue pellets, peat etc. The 50-year trend for energy shows gradual increase with well-established certainty when the indicator used is the extent of agricultural land/potential land for bioenergy production. However, when extent of forested land is used as an indicator the trend for energy is seen to decrease gradually with well-established certainty.

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“Learning and Inspiration” refers to the use of nature to inspire people’s creativity & art, education, technology, and well-being. The two trend indicators used for learning and inspiration are the number of people in close proximity to nature & the diversity of life from which to learn. The 50-year trend for learning and inspiration shows strong decrease with established but incomplete certainty when both indicators are used.

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Regulation of hazards and extreme events

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Regulation of hazards and extreme events

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Regulation of hazards and extreme events has somewhat decreased globally over 15 years and is unresolved. This means the ability of the environment to respond effectively to hazards