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Emotional development during this period has much to do with peer and caregiver interactions. When positively reinforced by responses from playmates and caregivers, children will feel initiative to repeat those actions (Hurrell et. al., 2020).
Learning to understand how actions will affect not only their own emotions but also those of the people around them are critical emotional skills developed during this time (Santrock, 2021).

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Hurrell K., Stack M. (2020) Initiative Versus Guilt. In: Zeigler-Hill V., Shackelford T.K. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_597

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During the preoperational stage, children often find it difficult to understand the world through another person's perspective (Santrock, 2021).
Similar to Erikson, Piaget believed that children need to learn how their actions affect the emotions of others, and need to regulate their emotions to elicit more positive emotions for those around them (Santrock, 2021).

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Erikson's Initiative vs guilt stage occurs during early childhood. During this stage, children interact with one another and develop their own personalities (Santrock, 2021). During this stage, as children explore they will either be positively reinforced and take on initiative, or they will be punished for their actions and experience guilt (Hurrell & Stack, 2020).

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Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

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Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development

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In Piaget's preoperational stage, children begin to understand the world around them through an egocentric lense (Santrock, 2021).

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Erikson & Piaget on Childhood Development 

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Erikson & Piaget on Childhood Development 

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Strong Films (2017)

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At this age, girls and boys are likely to begin to primarily socialize within gender (Santrock, 2021). When boys play with one another, they are more likely to play rough and competitive (Santrock, 2021). These activities might be rewarded by caregivers and peers, while playing rough with girls may be punished.

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During this time, through parental and peer interactions within a specific culture, boys and girls begin to understand their own gender and the corresponding behaviors they culturally 'supposed' to engage in (Santrock, 2021). They also learn to identify the gender of those around them, and treat those people based on how their respective culture might require.

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Santrock, J. W. (2021). Life-span development (18th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

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Strong Films (2017). Childhood—Erikson & piaget theories. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6tdI9PbTPU4

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Sense of self is a collection of characteristics that define us (Santrock, 2021).

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Kirsch, D. (1999, May 25). Acquisition of a Sense of Self and Other. Vismod. https://vismod.media.mit.edu/tech-reports/TR-496/node11.html#:%7E:text=According%20to%20Piaget%2C%20the%20understanding,%60self’%20emerges%20even%20earlier.

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Cherry, K. (2022, June 23). How People Develop an Identity or Cope With Role Confusion. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/identity-versus-confusion-2795735#:%7E:text=One%20of%20the%20main%20elements,our%20daily%20interactions%20with%20others.

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It's developed through social interaction. In which constantly changes  due to new experiences and information that is acquired in our daily interactions with others (Cherry, 2022).

For instance, our beliefs, experiences, relationships, values, and memories are what make up our sense of self (Cherry, 2022)

The way you identify/introduce yourself to others is you placing your sense of self out there.

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How Parents Influence Kids' Gender Roles

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How Parents Influence Kids' Gender Roles

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How Parents Influence Kids' Gender Roles

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The Atlantic. (2019). How parents influence kids’ gender roles. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swSy6pdAS-0

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Placing ourselves as an object in space, and understanding of other objects around us makes up our sense of self (Kirsch, 1999).

For example, to establish ourselves as independent individuals, children must mentally separate themselves from their mothers (Kirsch, 1999) The initial understanding would be to slowly go into self-assertion.

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Involves thoughts, feelings, and behaviors regarding rules and conventions about what people should do in their interactions with other people (Santrock, 2021)

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Erikson --> Progressive
Piaget --> Constructive progress

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Moral development is viewed as progressive since to him it's set in stages (StudyCorgi, 2021). If something is missed out in part of the stages it can affect moral values on the individual.

In each stage maturity is marked, but if it is not passed it will eventually be passed at some point.

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Views it more on the side of interplay actions building the moral concept (McLeod, 2015). It's not just if the children break rules or not, it's about what they think.

Example:

5 year-old Johnny steals a candy from the candy jar assuming his mom would not find out. He could be breaking a rule, however; if Johnny thinks it's okay to do that he is building a moral concept based of that action he took.

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StudyCorgi. (2021, December 27). Erikson’s Moral Development Theory Review. https://studycorgi.com/eriksons-moral-development-theory-review/

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Mcleod, S. (2015). Piaget’s Theory of Moral Development | Simply Psychology. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget-moral.html#:%7E:text=Piaget%20conceptualizes%20moral%20development%20as,but%20in%20what%20they%20think.