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Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe 

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Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe 

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This is probably the best-known and most controversial Holocaust memorial. Its size and location in central Berlin represent a major statement by the German state. However, critics argue that its anonymity, intended to prompt reflection, means that it fails to properly honour the victims. It is also worth noting that most people do not visit the museum underneath whilst the memorial itself has become a site for activities such as skateboarding.

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Sculpture of Love and Anguish – Miami Beach

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Sculpture of Love and Anguish – Miami Beach

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Although this memorial also touches on the question of commemorating the Holocaust in a country where it was not perpetrated, the fact that it was commissioned by survivors gives it a more direct connection. The graphic and now rather clichéd imagery may strike some as inappropriate, prompting consideration of how memorials can honour victims in a way that retains their dignity.

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The USSR’s refusal to commemorate the largest single-site massacre of the Holocaust for so long highlighted its failure to confront the history of the Holocaust. Even when a memorial was created, after a campaign by intellectuals such as the composer Shostakovich, it used the heroic archetypes of Soviet cliché. The sensitive 1991 memorial shows how memorialisation can reflect changing ideologies.

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More than 780,000 Jews were murdered at Treblinka between July 1942 and August 1943. The fact that it took so long to create a memorial reflected Communism’s uneasy relationship with the Holocaust. Even so, once the memorial was created, it was unusual in acknowledging the fact that the victims were Jewish (the menorah). The focus on destroyed communities illustrates one way of commemorating an authentic site when most victims’ names are unknown.

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The Stolpersteine project was initiated by the German artist Gunter Demnig. There are now stones in more than 600 localities across Germany as well as in several other European countries. The project personalises the history of the Holocaust and Nazi persecution and is directly related to the history of the sites, raising wider issues about effective memorialisation.

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Write a reflective paragraph focussing on why it is important that young people learn about the Holocaust. As the Holocaust moves further into history, what are the challenges in ensuring that people know about and remember it? Why is it important to remember the Holocaust?