# data[].attributes.body
Women during the 19th century had many limitations. When they married, they were considered under coverture, in which man and wife became one person, legally. Thus, all women's rights were essentially swallowed by their husbands. They could not own property, they could not vote, they had no legal rights to their children, they were discouraged from working outside the home and when they did, their wages were a fraction of what men working in a similar position would earn.

# data[].attributes.body
The 19th amendment, passed by Congress on June 4, 1919, and ratified on August 18, 1920, giving women the right to vote. The right to vote for American women is constitutionally guaranteed under the 19th amendment. This achievement needed a long and difficult struggle—victory required decades of agitation and resistance.

In the labor and economic sector, Massachusetts passed the first minimum-wage law in 1912. The Act was meant to assist 15,000 women who were living in extreme poverty and working long hours for minimal pay. Later, the 1938 Fair Labor Standards Act established a federal minimum wage that was gender-neutral.

# data[].attributes.body
Women might work as domestic helpers, teachers, doctors, midwives, telegraph operators, and factory workers (p. 26). There were chances for education, and some people could afford to dress more formally, purchase books, go to dance halls, pleasure gardens, and theaters.

Google

# data[].attributes.body
In Israel women were always quite equal to men. Currently they have almost all the right that they do. Including joining the army, jobs, ability to make money and vote. In 1860 a women's rights movement started where a group of them went to a different city to work and create opportunity. In Israel a comity was established to deal with issues with women's right. Israel as was the 3d country to allow a woman prime minister which is something that they also had a right to do in the year 1969.

# data[].attributes.body
Their rights and roles got much better than the past. Before the 20th century(1948), women' couldn't vote, drive, and had to obey to their husbands. They had to do every single houseworks, such as, cleaning, washing cloths, dish wash, etc. However, after the year 1948, women rights has got incredibly better. They could vote, drive, and didn't have to obey to their husbands anymore. Even there are some families that woman has the power to control the house these days.

# data[].attributes.headline
Conduct a short research about the women's rights in your country. Have things changed for women in society since the 19th century? How?

# data[].attributes.subject
Conduct a short research about the women's rights in your country. Have things changed for women in society since the 19th century? How?

# data[].attributes.body
The position of women in 19th century Russia was determined by many factors: class, nationality, religion, marital status, place of residence. The class in played a very big role in determining a female's position.  If you were rich, you were allowed to freely dispose of their porperty. Overall, the social life had a division: the public sphere belonged to mean and private was for women. Marriage during that time was important.  Despite the new circumstances, noble and middle-class women were in a position that – to put it mildly – was challenging. When woman is marriang a man who is hiher social class automatically rise up in social class. In families man was the head of the family. It may seem that Russian women at that time were privileged with property rights, compared to women in other parts of the world.

The Constitution of Russia, adopted in 1993, guarantees equal rights for women and men. Even before that, the Bolshevik Revolution granted women's rights in Russia– including suffrage– in 1917. However, women are still fighting inequality in many sectors, including the professional realm.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Portrait of an Unknown Woman - 1883  - use

# data[].attributes.body
It was assumed that men were physically and mentally superior to women,
who were assumed to be weak and emotional. Thus, women should be
controlled and protected, remain at home to raise their children, obey their
husbands, and perform domestic work

Women had no recorded information about themselves. They only started writing  information about them when people from the west visited the Arabian Peninsula and wrote in their own language (this was between the late 19th century and early 20th century)

Women were talked about more when it came to the late 20th century and the 21st century.

In 2009, the first female minister was appointed in the Cabinet

# data[].attributes.body
Women's roles in Korea were confined to the home but in 1948, they achieved constitutional rights for equal opportunities and are now guaranteed all the legal rights that men have. For example, they are able to vote just like men used to. Finally, the discrimination against women is widespread now.
The Korean women's movement started in 1980s with the foundation of Chanyang-Ho followed by a number of groups, focused on women's education and the abolition of gender discrimination.

https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/02/01/south-korea-cancels-plans-update-definition-rape

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Additional Background Reading on Asia

Why were there so many Chinese fans in the bleachers at this year's FIFA World Cup, when the Chinese team wasn't even on the field? Student Jerry Tian gives us his perspective.

Includes case studies on Ralph Waldo Emerson, T.S. Eliot, Herman Hesse, and The Beatles. A must-read!

Related Content

Hint: It was invented to fit a language that previously used a borrowed writing system.

How one nation turned around its education system radically--and achieved an 86 percent enrollment rate in higher education.

Students in many countries now out-rank American students academically. Top-performing nations sound off on reforms that worked.

International dispute over history textbooks in East Asia.

An essay about Korean women's role in society and its rapid change in the last century.

In traditional Korean society, women's roles were confined to the home. From a young age, women were taught the virtues of subordination and endurance to prepare for their future roles as wife and mother. Women, in general, could not participate in society as men did, and their role was limited to household matters.

The situation began to change with the opening of the country to the outside world during the late 19th century. During this period modern schools were introduced, mostly by Western Christian missionaries. Some of these schools were founded with the specific goal of educating women. These educated women began to engage in the arts, teaching, religious work, and enlightening other women. Women also took part in the independence movement against the Japanese occupation, and displayed no less vigor, determination, and courage than the men.

With the establishment of the Republic of Korea in 1948, women achieved constitutional rights for equal opportunities to pursue education, work, and public life. There is no doubt that the female labor force contributed significantly to the rapid economic growth that Korea achieved during the past three decades. An increasing number of women work in professional fields.

As economic development proceeded and the living conditions of Koreans improved, the educational attainment level of women also increased. In 1966, among those graduating from elementary school, only 33 percent of girls continued their education in middle school. The comparable figures for high school and university were 20 percent and 4 percent, respectively, during the same period. However, by 1998, the comparable ratios reached 99.5 percent and 61.6 percent for high school and university. The economic participation rate of women also has increased steadily since industrialization from 34.4 percent in 1965 to 48.1 percent in 1999.

In terms of characteristics of the female labor force, in 1975, only 2 percent of the female labor force worked in professional or managerial occupations, while 4 percent worked in clerical positions. However, by 1998, 12.6 percent of female employees were serving in professional or managerial positions, and another 16 percent were working in clerical occupations.

With an increasing number of women entering professional jobs, the government passed the "Equal Employment Act" in 1987 to prevent discriminatory practices against female workers in regard to hiring and promotion opportunities.

Korean women today are actively engaged in a wide variety of fields, including education, medicine, engineering, scholarship, the arts, law, literature, and sports. Women are thus making significant contributions to society.

With the launch of the new Administration in 1998, the Presidential Commission on Women's Affairs was established to handle issues specifically involving women. The commission was elevated and expanded to become the Ministry of Gender Equality in January 2001. The new ministry set up 20 specific tasks to be achieved in six basic areas. These areas are: to revise and establish laws and rules that involve discrimination in any sector and to increase the representation of women, to facilitate women's employment and provide support for female workers, to increase educational opportunities for women to be competitive in the labor market, to provide social welfare policies for women, to promote women's involvement in various social activities including volunteer work and women's organization activities, and to strengthen the cooperation of Korean women's organizations with international women's organizations.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
An essay about Korean women's role in society and its rapid change in the last century.