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Thomas Paine publishes Common Sense. The pamphlet argues for independence.

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White People of 'Good Character' Become Citizens (1790)

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White People of 'Good Character' Become Citizens (1790)

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The Naturalization Act of 1790 allows any free white person of “good character” and who has lived in the US for longer than 2 years to become a citizens. People who aren't white citizens are rejected basic rights.

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The first census says that there are 3.9 million English people in America. It also says that 1/5 Americans are from African descent.

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After the War of 1812, lots of new Irish immigrants come to the US. Many German immigrants also come in. Many of them buy farms in the midwest or settle in cities.

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Many immigrants were sick from the travel across the Atlantic Ocean. The US passed the Steerage Act of 1819 to let immigrants have better conditions when coming to the US. It also makes ship captains tell the US government about the demographic information of the people on the boat.

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The first anti-immigrant party in the US, the Know-Nothing Party forms in 1849 because of the number of new immigrants.

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Immigration Laws Made By Federal Government (1875)

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Immigration Laws Made By Federal Government (1875)

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After the Civil War, some states made their own laws on immigration. In 1875, Congress said it was the federal government's job to make and enforce immigration laws.

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Industrialization and Second Immigrant Wave (1880)

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Industrialization and Second Immigrant Wave (1880)

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Another boom of immigration and industrialization started in the US. Lots of immigrants came to the US.

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The Chinese Exclusion Act is passed in 1882 that stops immigration from China. Chinese immigrants worked on the West Coast as prospectors and other related jobs.

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The Immigration Act of 1891 further stopped immigration. It also started enforcing immigration.

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Elllis Island becomes the US's first immigration center. It opens in the New York Harbor. More than 12 million immigrants came to enter the US through Ellis Island from 1892 and 1954.

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More than 1.3 million immigrants enter US through Ellis Island alone.

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The US and Japan sign the Gentleman's Agreement. Japan agrees to limit Japanese immigration. In return, President Roosevelt makes San Fransisco end Japanese segregation.