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The Norman Conquest was the invasion and successful conquest of England by William, Duke of Normandy, also known as William the Conqueror. It was an important turning point in the history of England and had a long-lasting influence on the culture, language, and government of the nation.

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The defeat of the Spanish Armada was a significant naval battle between the Spanish and English fleets in 1588. Commanded by Queen Elizabeth I, the English navy was triumphant against the formidable Spanish Armada, which had been assembled by King Philip II of Spain with the intention of taking over England.

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The Act of Union of 1707 combined the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland into a single entity known as the Kingdom of Great Britain. The union established a unified parliament and opened the way for political and economic integration between England and Scotland.

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1801: Legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland 

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1801: Legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland 

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In 1801 the legislative union between Great Britain and Ireland was established. This union essentially fused the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland into a single political entity known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. By this legislative act, the British government sought to strengthen its control over Ireland and create a more centralized system of government.

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In 1921 the Anglo-Irish Treaty was signed, which marked an important milestone in the British-Irish relationship. The treaty, negotiated between representatives of the British government and leaders of the Irish independence movement, was meant to put an end to the Irish War of Independence. It established the Irish Free State as an independent dominion within the British Empire.