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An outstanding international lawyer and career diplomat, he was Mexico's ambassador to the United States when the Revolution of 1910 began. After being elevated constitutionally to the presidency by the Treaty of Ciudad Juárez, he presided over the most democratic elections held until that time.

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(National anti reelections party)

Mexican revolutionary and president of Mexico, who successfully ousted the dictator Porfirio Díaz by temporarily unifying various democratic and anti-Díaz forces.

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President of Mexico for less than one hour (45 minutes) on February 19, 1913, the shortest presidency in the history of the world. He had earlier served as Mexico's foreign secretary for two terms and was the director of a small law school in Mexico City for sixteen years.

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Came to power by the coup against the democratically elected government of Madero with the aid of other Mexican generals and the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico. His violent seizure of power set off a new wave of armed conflict in the Mexican Revolution.

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During his month-long presidential term, he oversaw the transfer of power to Venustiano Carranza and his Constitutionalist Army under the terms of the Teoloyucan Treaties.

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He is most notable for his election as provisional president of Mexico during the Aguascalientes Convention and led the country for a few months. The Convention was convened by revolutionaries who had successfully ousted the regime of Victoriano Huerta after more than a year of conflict.

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The most important central leader of the Mexican Revolution, Carranza achieved fame as First Chief in organizing resistance to the Huerta usurpation and served as constitutional president from 1917 until his own overthrow and death in 1920.

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He participated in the biggest battles against Victoriano Huerta, including the battles of San Pedro de las Colonias, Torreón, and Zacatecas. His most notable revolutionary contribution, however, was at the Aguascalientes Convention, where he was one of the most articulate ideologues.

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The following month he was driven from the capital by the constitutionalists and set up his government in Toluca. Soon he had to move again, to Ixtlahuaca. There his cabinet broke up and he lost many of his troops. He tried to rejoin Villa, but the latter was now in retreat to the north.

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He participated in the Mexican Revolution and served as governor of Sonora from 1917 to 1920. Along with his fellow Sonorans Álvaro Obregón and Plutarco Elías Calles, he helped overthrow Pres.

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Soldier, statesman, and reformer who, as president, restored order to Mexico after a decade of political upheavals and civil war that followed the revolution of 1910.

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Calles is most noted for his founding of the Institutional Revolutionary Party in 1929, which ensured political stability in the wake of the assassination of president-elect Alvaro Obregón in 1928.

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As president, Portes Gil secretly negotiated the end to the conflict between the Catholic Church and the Mexican government, which created a modus vivendi that lasted decades.

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Retained power in a period known as the Maximato. Calles was so blatantly controlling the government that Ortiz Rubio resigned from the presidency in protest in September 1932.

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Held considerable de facto political power, without being president himself. However, Rodríguez was more successful than Ortiz Rubio had been in asserting presidential power against Calles's influence. To date, Rodríguez is the only Mexican to have been brigadier general, president, and governor of two different states.

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He is best known for the nationalization of the oil industry in 1938 and the creation of Pemex, the government oil company. carried out a wide range of reforms. Under the agrarian reform program, he distributed nearly twice as much land to peasants as had all of his predecessors combined.

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Pursued domestic policies of moderation and steady progress. Reacting against the anticlericalism of his predecessor, he pacified the Roman Catholic Church by a public announcement of his own faith. He also expanded the school system, built hospitals, sponsored social-security legislation, and supported limited land reform.

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He initiated a huge project in the state of Oaxaca, culminating with the opening of the Miguel Alemán Dam in 1955. In 1951 he oversaw the completion of the diversion of the Lerma River, bringing to an end Mexico City's water supply problems.

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He was one of the oldest presidents of Mexico, but perhaps best remembered for granting women the right to vote in presidential elections and stimulating the economy during the period known as the Mexican Miracle.

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As minister of labor, he was skilled in mediating disputes and helped draft the U.S.–Mexico migrant-labor treaty.

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The administration emphasized economic development for Mexico. In 1977 he was ambassador to Spain.

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He released most of the prisoners arrested in 1968, redistributed millions of acres among the landless peasantry, expanded social security, housing, and transportation programs, and poured huge sums of money into public works.

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1976-1982 José López Portillo y Pacheco (PRI)

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1976-1982 José López Portillo y Pacheco (PRI)

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His tenure was marked by heavy investments in the national oil industry after the discovery of new oil reserves, which propelled initial economic growth, but later gave way to a severe debt crisis after the international oil prices fell, leading Mexico to declare a sovereign default in 1982.

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1982-1988 Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (PRI)

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1982-1988 Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado (PRI)

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Madrid's biggest legacy may have been his implementation of economic neoliberal reforms in Mexico, breaking with decades of economic nationalism, and beginning mass privatization of state-run companies.

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1988-1994 Carlos Salinas de Gortari (PRI)

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1988-1994 Carlos Salinas de Gortari (PRI)

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Salinas continued Madrid’s program of economic retrenchment and privatization. He sold off hundreds of inefficient state-owned corporations to private investors and spent some of the proceeds on infrastructure and social services.

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1994-2000 Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León (PRI)

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1994-2000 Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León (PRI)

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He faced one of the worst economic crises in Mexico's history, which started only weeks after he took office. He distanced himself from his predecessor Carlos Salinas de Gortari, blaming his administration for the crisis and overseeing the arrest of his brother.

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Fox promoted government efficiency and transparency. He was one of the first state governors of Mexico to give a clear, public, and timely account of the finances of his state.

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2006-2012 Felipe Calderón Hinojosa (PAN)

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2006-2012 Felipe Calderón Hinojosa (PAN)

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His presidency was marked by his declaration of war against the drug cartels only ten days after taking office; this was considered by most observers as an immediate strategy to gain popular legitimacy for the new President after the convoluted elections.

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He instated the multilateral Pact for Mexico, which soothed inter-party fighting and led to increased legislation across the political spectrum. During his first four years, Peña Nieto led an expansive breakup of monopolies, liberalized Mexico's energy sector, reformed public education, and modernized the country's financial regulation.

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2018-2024 Andrés Manuel López Obrador (Morena)

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2018-2024 Andrés Manuel López Obrador (Morena)

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He has made citizen forums, consultations, and referendums a key part of his decision-making process. Such consultations have been held on major infrastructure projects such as the construction of a new airport, an oil refinery, an electric plant, and the Mayan Train.