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Self- and peer assessment in a chemistry lab

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Self- and peer assessment in a chemistry lab

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Students who check their work against a checklist before submitting catch the obvious errors themselves, exactly the ones that used to fill my corrections (units, significant figures, missing blank). It also builds the professional habit they will need in a control laboratory, where you verify your own result before reporting it.

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Quizzes with immediate automatic feedback give students an objective reference before they judge themselves.

A digital portfolio lets them compare their current work with their own work three months ago, which is far more convincing than my opinion.

Moodle Workshop allows anonymous peer review against my own rubric, which removes most of the social pressure and lets me grade the quality of the feedback given, not only the work submitted.

A fixed protocol in the form (two things that worked, one question, one suggestion) prevents empty comments.

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The weakest students overestimate their work and the strongest underestimate it. And as soon as it counts towards the grade, it stops being honest.

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Without structure, comments turn into compliments, and students who feel less competent do not dare to point out a classmate's error.

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Reviewing someone else's report is the fastest way to understand what a good report looks like. It also multiplies the feedback students receive, which one teacher with several groups cannot provide alone, and it arrives while there is still time to act on it.

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Both methods shift students from passive recipients of grades to active owners of their learning journey. Peer assessment builds a community of practice. It allows students to see multiple approaches to the same problem, organically bridging knowledge gaps through peer scaffolding. It forces students to deepen their own understanding of the subject matter.

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Digital platforms can easily anonymize peer review. When students don't know whose work they are evaluating, social biases are removed, allowing them to focus entirely on the learning criteria.

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Students, especially those lacking confidence, may unfairly undervalue their own work or fail to recognize their actual progress.

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They may give overly positive feedback to friends, be overly harsh, or fear offending their peers.

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Self-assessment helps students become more aware of their own learning, encouraging reflection and responsibility. It supports learner autonomy and helps students identify their strengths and areas for improvement.

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Digital tools like Google Forms, Padlet, and shared documents can provide clear structure through rubrics, guided questions, and examples. They make feedback more visible, organized, and continuous. Additionally, they can support anonymity (reducing bias), track contributions, and guide students toward more meaningful and constructive feedback.

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Students may lack confidence or accuracy when evaluating themselves. Some may overestimate or underestimate their performance, especially without clear criteria or guidance.

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Feedback can sometimes be superficial or biased. Students may feel uncomfortable evaluating their peers or may not take the task seriously without proper structure.

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Peer assessment promotes collaboration and critical thinking. Students learn from different perspectives and develop skills in giving and receiving feedback, which deepens understanding.

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Self- and peer assessment enhance students’ self-awareness, responsibility, and collaboration, but they can be subjective or inaccurate. Digital tools like quizzes, forms, and collaborative platforms can make the process more organized, transparent, and easy to track.

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It would be great if self-assessment and peer learning were implemented in schools.
A particularly interesting approach for me is peer learning.
Advantages:
Self-assessment: Independent learning is encouraged in children.
Peer learning: Learning is developed by asking for help from a classmate who has more knowledge than me.
Negative sides:
In peer learning, if a student-assessed receives more criticism, he may say that this student does not like me.
I would include digital applications in the process - Padlet and portfolio.

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Independent learning is encouraged in children.

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I would include digital applications in the process - Padlet and portfolio.

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In peer learning, if a student-assessed receives more criticism, he may say that this student does not like me.

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Learning is developed by asking for help from a classmate who has more knowledge than me.

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Encourages reflection and responsibility for learning, Helps students identify strengths and areas for improvement

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Digital tools like Google Forms, Padlet, or Mentimeter can guide structured feedback, make responses anonymous, and organize results easily, which improves fairness and encourages honest reflection.

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Students may overestimate or underestimate their performance

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Some students may feel uncomfortable evaluating peers

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Students learn by reviewing others’ work and giving feedback

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With anonymous responses like Slido, Mentimeter.

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Self- and peer assessment promote reflection, critical thinking, and learner autonomy. Students gain insight into their own learning and develop evaluation skills. 

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Tools like Google Forms, Padlet, and Rubric-based platforms can structure assessments, provide guidance, and track feedback. Digital platforms allow anonymity in peer review, support reflection through prompts, and make monitoring easier for teachers, thus enhancing benefits and reducing potential drawbacks.

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These methods can be biased or inconsistent if students lack experience or clear criteria. Some students may feel uncomfortable evaluating others or may underestimate their own work.

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Peer assessment also encourages collaboration and constructive feedback.

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Classroom assessment offers valuable opportunities to monitor students’ learning and provide timely feedback. When used effectively, these methods help teachers understand students’ needs and guide instruction more precisely. However, traditional assessments can be time-consuming, may cause anxiety among learners, and sometimes fail to capture the full range of students’ abilities.

Digital technologies can greatly support and improve these practices. Tools such as online quizzes, collaborative platforms, and digital portfolios allow for quicker data collection, more immediate feedback, and a wider variety of ways for students to demonstrate their understanding. They also make assessment more accessible by accommodating different learning styles and levels of proficiency.

Overall, the thoughtful integration of digital tools can enhance the benefits of classroom assessment while reducing many of its limitations, creating a more inclusive and effective learning environment.

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Encourages students to take ownership of their learning, reflect on strengths and weaknesses, and become more receptive to feedback, boosting confidence and continuous improvement.

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Digital technologies can make assessment more structured and fair, reducing bias. Padlet and discussion boards encourage respectful dialogue, while digital portfolios (Wakelet, BookCreator) let students document feedback and reflect on progress. Technology thus strengthens the benefits of self- and peer-assessment while addressing their challenges.

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Students may struggle to assess their work objectively, and without guidance, feedback can be inconsistent or superficial.

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Some students may feel uncomfortable giving honest feedback or critiquing peers.

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Promotes engagement, deeper understanding, and reflection by evaluating classmates’ work and comparing it with their own.

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After exploring both self-assessment and peer assessment, it is clear that each method has significant advantages as well as some challenges when applied in the classroom.

Self-assessment helps students become more aware of their learning process and encourages them to take responsibility for their progress. It allows learners to identify their strengths and areas for improvement, promoting self-reflection and independence. However, some students may find it difficult to evaluate their own work objectively or may lack the experience to assess their performance accurately.

Peer assessment allows students to learn from one another. By reviewing their classmates’ work, they develop critical thinking, empathy, and communication skills, and they gain new perspectives on their own work. On the other hand, peer assessment can sometimes lead to biased or overly subjective feedback, especially if students are unfamiliar with constructive evaluation methods.

Digital technologies can both enhance the advantages and minimize the disadvantages of these methods. For example, tools like Google Forms or Microsoft Forms can be used to design structured self-assessment templates, helping students reflect systematically on their learning. When these responses are collected anonymously, students often provide more honest and thoughtful feedback.

For peer assessment, platforms such as Padlet, Flip, or Google Docs provide interactive spaces where students can share work and exchange feedback. Teachers can also monitor the discussions and offer guidance, ensuring that comments remain constructive and balanced. These digital environments make assessment more transparent and collaborative.

Furthermore, digital tools allow students to access past feedback, track their growth, and engage with multiple types of responses—written, visual, or audio. This flexibility supports different learning styles and helps personalize the learning experience.

In conclusion, digital technologies strengthen both self-assessment and peer assessment by making feedback more structured, accessible, and reflective. They empower students to become active participants in their learning journey—individuals who not only receive feedback but also understand how to use it for continuous improvement.

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Self-assessment encourages students to take responsibility for their learning by reflecting on their strengths and areas for improvement.. By evaluating their own work, students become more aware of learning objectives and more receptive to feedback, which builds confidence and supports continuous improvement.

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Digital tools can make peer assessment more structured, fair, and engaging. Platforms such as Google Forms or Microsoft Forms allow students to give anonymous and criteria-based feedback, reducing bias and discomfort. Tools like Padlet or discussion boards promote open yet respectful dialogue, while digital portfolios in Wakelet or BookCreator enable students to document feedback and reflect on their progress. In this way, technology enhances the benefits of peer assessment while addressing its main challenges.

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Students may lack the objectivity or experience to evaluate their own work accurately. Without clear guidance, feedback can become inconsistent or superficial. 

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Some students may feel uncomfortable giving honest feedback to classmates or may hesitate to critique their peers’ work.

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By evaluating each other’s work, students become more engaged in the learning process and learn to view tasks from different perspectives. This process also promotes deeper understanding, as learners compare their own performance with that of their peers and reflect on ways to improve their work.

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In kindergarten, self- and peer-assessment help children build awareness, confidence, and responsibility for their learning. However, young learners often need guidance to reflect objectively and may be influenced by friendships or emotions when evaluating peers. Using digital tools like Padlet or simple emoji forms makes the process fun, visual, and engaging, helping children express their thoughts honestly while developing early self-evaluation skills in an age-appropriate way.

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In my classes, self- and peer assessment help students become more responsible and develop critical thinking. Sometimes feedback can be superficial or subjective. I use Google Docs for real-time comments, Padlet for sharing reflections, and eTwinning for exchanging feedback between classes, which helps students learn to give and receive constructive suggestions.

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Students take more responsibility for their learning and can reflect on their own progress.

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Google Docs allows real-time comments and work revision, Padlet encourages reflection and idea sharing, and eTwinning provides opportunities for feedback exchange between classes and countries, increasing engagement and the quality of feedback.

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Sometimes students can be subjective or too critical of themselves.

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Feedback can be superficial or influenced by relationships between students.

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Students learn to give constructive feedback and collaborate with peers.

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Both self-assessment and peer assessment are powerful tools to boost student learning. They encourage students to reflect on their own progress and take responsibility for it.

However, teachers must be careful with some challenges:

Lack of Objectivity: Students often find it hard to be truly honest or fair. They might overestimate or underestimate their abilities.

Bias and Conflict: Friendships or disagreements can affect the feedback given to peers.

Lack of Expertise: Younger students, especially, may not have the right skills to assess work accurately.

The good news is that digital tools can really help to solve these problems:

Platforms can use anonymous feedback to reduce personal bias and conflict.

Digital rubrics provide clear criteria and structured tools for a more objective process.

Teachers can provide personalized feedback and track progress better, making the assessment more effective.

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Reflection classroom assessment

Reflect on and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these assessment methods in the classroom. Consider how digital technologies can enhance their benefits and mitigate their drawbacks.

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Self-assessment. Advantages: Students reflect on their learning, identify strengths and areas for improvement, and develop self-regulation and accountability. Disadvantages: Requires self-awareness and honesty; can be subjective. Digital tools: BookCreator, Seesaw (digital portfolio), Google Forms, Quizizz (reflective questionnaires). Peer Assessment. Advantages: Enhances collaboration and critical thinking, promotes communication skills, empathy, and provides multiple perspectives on the project. Disadvantages: Can be subjective; some students feel pressured or stressed. Digital tools: Padlet, Google Docs (project feedback), Kahoot, Mentimeter (anonymous assessment), online checklists/rubrics (clear assessment criteria). Conclusion: The combination of self-assessment and peer assessment, supported from digital tools, it enhances self-regulation, autonomy and active participation of students, providing a safe and organized way of providing feedback.

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Assessment methods in the classroom offer significant advantages, such as monitoring students’ progress and identifying their strengths and weaknesses. However, they often face limitations, such as subjectivity or lack of immediate feedback. Digital technologies can enhance their benefits by providing quick assessment, personalized feedback, and real-time progress tracking. At the same time, they reduce drawbacks, allowing flexible use and interactive participation. In this way, assessment becomes more effective and supports students’ self-regulated learning, fostering autonomy, engagement, and a more meaningful learning experience overall.

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Ηλίας Τουτσογλίδης Greece

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Ηλίας Τουτσογλίδης Greece

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The advantages are the enhancement of self-awareness, the development of metacognitive skills, the active participation of students, the promotion of collaboration. The disadvantages are subjectivity, the possible insecurity or restraint of students and it requires time and guidance. Digital technologies, namely e-portfolios, digital comments/feedback systems, anonymous polls, collaborative editing tools to reduce bias and facilitate reflection, can enhance their benefits and mitigate their disadvantages

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It fosters maturity, objectivity and the personal growth

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technology can offer funnier and more involving strategies especially to younger students

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If a student hasn't been trained to do it, his/her assessment may not be objective or it may not focuse on the right aspects

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Some students may be influenced by the personal opinion about the classmate; they can be more critical

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Children can grasp aspects during the evaluation process that adults can't, because they share the same vision of the world and their environment

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Self- and Peer-Assessment for Preschool Children

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Self-Assessment: Children can show if they liked the activity or if they felt happy or learned something new by using simple smiley faces or colors (red, yellow, green). This helps them understand their feelings and be aware of their own learning.

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Digital Technologies for Preschoolers:Apps made for young children (interactive drawing or storytelling tools) help them share their ideas and feelings.Platforms like ClassDojo let children and parents see progress and get positive encouragement.

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Self-Assessment: Young children might find it hard to judge their own work accurately or may just choose happy faces without thinking.

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Peer Assessment: Feedback from friends can sometimes be too simple or not honest, and children may feel shy or unsure about commenting on others’ work.

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Peer Assessment: Children can be encouraged to ask a friend what they liked about their work or what they did well. The feedback should be very simple and positive.

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It is students centered and  for example by using  rubrics we provide clear criteria for assessment and we allow students to evaluate their work against standards. They have a clear idea about what is right and at the highest standard. 

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It promotes active learning, critical thinking, and collaboration among students. Focuses on the development of student's judgment skills.

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Both self assessment and peer assessment have their own set of advantages and disadvantages. The effectiveness of these methods depends on how well they are implemented and the context in which they are used. Proper guidance, clear criteria, and training can help mitigate some of the disadvantages and enhance the benefits of both assessment methods. I think that the biggest challenges are inconsistency in standards, as different students can have different standards, regardless of the teacher's instructions, bias and favouritism, and potential for conflict. Finally, I think that sometimes lack of expertise can sometimes compromise both methods, as some students might not have the expertise to accurately assess their own work or the work of their peers.

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🔷 The student adopts self-assessment criteria, the student is not a passive observer, by assessmenting activities and work, 🔷the student is given the opportunity to reflect on what the goal of learning is and what are the outcomes that need to be learned.

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🟪 Saving time, 🟪 real-time feedback, 🟪 mainly the objectivity of the assessment with the same criteria.

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🔹 Lack of time due to other activities that must be carried out in the classroom, 🔷 bias and subjectivityoverestimation or underestimation, either intentionally or due to insufficient knowledge.

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🔷 Lack of time due to other activities that must be carried out in the classroom, 🔹 bias and non-objectivity due to, for example, envy.

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🔹 Evaluating someone's work gives the student the opportunity to further understand and learn the contentdeveloping critical thinking and communicationthe student adopts the assessment criteria, 🔷 student is given the opportunity to realize the demandingness of the assessment process.

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Self-assessment and peer-assesment in class is like having a built-in study buddy. It lets you take charge of your learning by reflecting on what you're good at and where you might be stuck.

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This can be a real confidence booster, like getting a high five for nailing a concept, and it helps them pinpoint areas that need extra practice. The more they reflect on their thinking process, the better they can get at it. Self-assessment is like a brain gym, strengthening those critical thinking muscles that help them analyze problems and come up with solutions. This can  improve how they learn new contents down the line.

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   Digital technologies enhance peer assessment by streamlining feedback, ensuring anonymity, and providing consistent rubrics through platforms like Google Classroom. Tools like  Moodle enable faster, more efficient feedback cycles, while collaborative tools such as Microsoft Teams foster a supportive learning environment. 

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Sometimes it can be tricky to be totally honest with yourself.  Sometimes they think they aced that assignment when they actually missed a key point.  .Another thing to consider is that especially younger students might not have all the tools yet to truly assess their work against what they're supposed to be learning.  It's like asking a kindergartener to judge their own drawing skills – they might just focus on the cool colors they used instead of the actual techniques.

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Students might not be as consistent or fair as teachers, and personal biases can affect their judgments.
Inaccurate Feedback: Without training, feedback might miss important points or focus on the wrong things.
Dishonesty: Some students might not take it seriously or let friendships influence their grading.
Stress: Knowing peers will judge their work can make some students anxious.
Time-Consuming: Takes time to train students and manage the process.
Extra Work for Teachers: Teachers need to oversee peer assessments to ensure they’re fair and accurate.

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Better Understanding: Students often learn more deeply by evaluating others' work.
Critical Thinking: It helps develop critical thinking skills, useful for their own work.
Motivation and Responsibility: Knowing peers will review their work can motivate students to do better and take their tasks more seriously.
Diverse Perspectives: Students get exposed to different ideas and approaches.
Quick Feedback: Faster feedback compared to waiting for the teacher to grade everything.
Collaborative Environment: Encourages a supportive, collaborative learning atmosphere.

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Students reflect on their own learning and develop metacognition skills. This will also contribute to improve self-awareness and hopefully increase their autonomy and self-esteem.

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Digital technologies can make peer-assessment more effective, because students are able to share their work and the peers can easily access it and give feedback (e.g. Padlet - comments and rate). This can also help some students face some constraints/difficulties sharing their ideas.

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If the students self-assessment does not correspond to the reality, this can be a set back. So,the teacher role is very important - giving constructive and positive feedback in order for the students  to improve his/hers self-esteem and continue working on developing metacognition skills, not giving up. 

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Students might not feel confident to assess their peers work. That's why knowing successful examples might help overcoming this - the teacher's role is very important here, in order to make the students feel safe. 

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It will foster social skills and contribute to improve collaborative work and learning. In order to give accurate feedback, students must also know about the topic.

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Because technologies are very objective, they would allow for a more concrete, unbiased assessment.

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Lack of confidence in one's own capabilities; some students don't take self assessment seriously

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Some students don't take peer-assessment seriously, students can be prejudiced against some of their colleagues.

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Development of social skills and proxiimity among peers, creates a more collaborative environment.

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Self assessment Advantages/Peer assessment Disvantages

Peer assessment involves students reflecting on their peers' work against success criteria related to a learning objective and providing constructive feedback. Meaningful self-assessment among students has the potential to contribute positively to student learning and achievement.

To “bridge the gap” of students. A class in which:

errors are valued as learning opportunities

students are actively involved in their own learning and assessment

Students value self-assessment and self-evaluation as an integral part of the learning process:

students are motivated to improve their own work and that of others.

Self-assessment and self-assessment involve students using information to improve their own learning and that of their peers. While there is considerable overlap between self-assessment and self-assessment, each will be explored separately so that teachers can explicitly teach and model these learning skills with prerequisites for peer assessment

It occurs best when students are accustomed and comfortable with:

a cycle of evaluative feedback actions;

use learning intentions and success criteria;

receive and apply improvement feedback from the teacher. Develop and use peer evaluation tools, such as templates, checklists, and rubrics.

Use the gradual release of responsibility model, i.e. teacher model, guided instruction, shared practice, then independent practice.

Develop some criteria (or ground rules) for providing effective feedback that students can use when giving and receiving feedback. As with peer assessment, self-assessment takes time and practice and teachers need to teach and model as illustrated by the videos seen in the post-it template to begin with. How to carry out self-assessment before Students are expected to use self-assessment effectively. Naturally, the class group must be cohesive in order to facilitate peer evaluation seen as an opportunity for improvement through suggestions.The use of digital technologies in evaluation processes allows us to analyze not only unidirectional teacher-student or bidirectional teacher-student-teacher processes, but also multidirectional teacher-student-environment processes. In the dual direction of evaluating teaching and learning, also monitoring the processes, digital technologies can provide support: autonomous or integrated platforms, apps and online tools allow interaction and comments in the form of writing or audio files or videos or images synchronous or asynchronous. Technology has opened the door to more interactive and engaging learning. With the help of digital tools, we can create lessons that capture students' attention and actively engage them in peer assessments and self-assessments as well.

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Self-assessment encourages students to develop metacognitive skills by reflecting on their learning process and understanding their strengths and weaknesses. It promotes autonomy and ownership of learning, potentially increasing motivation and engagement. Immediate reflection allows students to promptly evaluate their work, aiding in continuous improvement.

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Self- and peer assessment methods offer significant benefits in fostering autonomy, critical thinking, and collaborative learning. However, they also present challenges such as lack of objectivity, inconsistent feedback quality, and potential for bias. Digital technologies can play a crucial role in enhancing these assessment methods by providing structured tools, promoting anonymity, facilitating collaboration, and offering analytics for better tracking and reflection. By thoughtfully integrating digital solutions, educators can maximize the advantages and mitigate the drawbacks of self- and peer assessment in the classroom.

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However, self-assessment may lack objectivity, as students can struggle with accurately evaluating their own work. This subjectivity can lead to overestimation or underestimation of their abilities. Additionally, students may lack the expertise to assess complex subjects comprehensively. There's also a risk of dishonesty if self-assessment affects grades.

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Yet, peer assessment can vary in quality, depending on peers' abilities and biases. Biases in assessments may arise from peer relationships, potentially leading to unfair evaluations. Training students to provide effective feedback and managing peer assessments can also be time-consuming. Lastly, negative feedback from peers may occasionally lead to interpersonal conflicts.

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Peer assessment fosters collaborative learning environments where students engage with diverse perspectives. It develops critical thinking skills as students evaluate their peers' work and provide constructive feedback. It also distributes the assessment workload, potentially reducing the teacher's burden.

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Among the strategies for training students in order to achieve a correct self-evaluation are: the involvement of students in defining the evaluation criteria (with assistance from the teacher);  assisting students to use these criteria, by providing concrete examples;  done correctly giving feedback to students so that they understand if the self-assessment was .

Among the barriers or problems that may arise with regard to self-assessment are: the lack of confidence of some students in their own assessment capabilities, the lack of confidence in the ability to judge their own effort, the fact that some students may consider it more fair to be assessed by to experts, respectively by teachers, the fact that some students may be afraid of making mistakes or being too strict with themselves.

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Advantages and disadvantages of peer and self assessment

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Advantages and disadvantages of peer and self assessment

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When talking about assessment there are several factors to consider: the students' age, the assessment descriptors are clear and understood by the students, whether the students are able to be impartial and critical and whether this method is used right from the beginning so that the students take ownership of its functionality, objectives and importance.

I always do peer and self assessment with all my students. From my experience students tend to be more critical with themselves than with their colleagues (of course that there are exceptions). However , I think that these classroom assessment is always positive. After giving the students the rubrics of the assignement before the task is performed, I always do it with oral presentations, the students are asked to do their self assessement and their peers do the same. So far it has been working!

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Technologies allow anonymous peer feedback. It allows to extend the time and formas of feedback. And it allow multimodal feedback.

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It has no disadvantages, but it has challenges to address by sutdents and teahcer,

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Again it is complex because it takes complex congitive competences.

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Is an complementary source of feedback to the sutdents, as well as the teacher

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After students learn to self-assess, they are able what is good and what is not so good. As a consequence, they learn to apply this to their works.

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They are efficient and give objective feedback.  Assessment through  game-based tools downplayS the drama in assessment

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Self assessment sometimes is hard to make. Pupils don't have the experience to evaluate and sometimes can be frankly harsh.

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negative assessment may cause discontent

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It builds a sense of responsibility: Also, students learn to evaluate,  give constructive feedback and advice to their peers.  It provides opportunity to share ideas and learn to see things from different points of view.  It leads students to have a well-rounded knowledge of a topic. 

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Advantages and disadvantages self and peer assessment

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It can help students become more aware of their learning, enable them to track their progress, to identify strengths and areas for improvement, and take ownership of the learning process because of the personalised feedback it provides

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Digital technologies can be a valuable asset in this context as it can help students and teachers: digital tools can anonymize peer feedback; they can provide clear rubrics; give instant feedback; can track students’ activities online and improvements; can reduce teachers’ volume of assessments. In short, digital technologies can help a teacher enhance the effectiveness of self and peer assessments, making them more reliable, efficient for student, but these skills take time, consistency and perseverance to develop in order to achieve expertise.

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It is possible that many students may sometimes overestimate or underestimate their abilities and show a limited insight on how to assess their work. 

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Teachers are aware of the influence of friendships on a consistent and accurate peer evaluation. 

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It fosters collaboration, develops analytical skills, and it allows for students to confront various and different perspectives, broadening their understanding on topics, concepts, ideas, etc.

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Digital technologies are a double-edged sword, offering a vast array of benefits but also coming with drawbacks that need addressing. Here's how we can maximize the good and minimize the bad:

Enhancing Benefits:

Access to Information: Combat misinformation by promoting digital literacy and critical thinking skills. Encourage the development of platforms that prioritize trustworthy sources.

Communication and Connectivity: Foster online communities that promote empathy and positive interaction. Develop features that nudge users towards healthier online habits, like time limits or breaks.

Education and Learning: Make educational resources even more interactive and personalized using AI and gamification. Bridge the digital divide to ensure everyone has access to these tools.

Automation and Efficiency: Focus on automation that complements human skills, not replaces them. Invest in retraining programs to help people adapt to the changing job market.

Mitigating Drawbacks:

Privacy Concerns: Implement strong data protection regulations and empower users to control their data. Develop secure and transparent data storage solutions.

Social Isolation and Mental Health: Design technology that encourages face-to-face interaction and promotes healthy online relationships. Promote responsible social media use and develop features that can detect and address cyberbullying.

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Each assessment method has its own advantages and disadvantages, and digital technologies can play a significant role in enhancing these methods in the classroom. By leveraging technology, educators can create more engaging, personalized, and efficient assessment experiences for students while mitigating some of the drawbacks associated with traditional assessment methods.

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Self-assessment is key to personal growth and success. It helps us recognize our strengths and weaknesses, allowing us to focus on areas for improvement. Through self-reflection, we can become more self-aware and make better decisions. By taking control of our own learning and development, we can boost our motivation and confidence. Regular self-assessment is essential for continual self-improvement.

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Digital technologies can enhance the benefits of peer assessment by providing structured rubrics and anonymous feedback systems, ensuring more objective and fair evaluations. They can also mitigate drawbacks by offering training modules to help students develop assessment skills and by facilitating moderated discussions to address any conflicts or biases.

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Self-assessment can sometimes lead to inaccurate evaluations, as students may either overestimate or underestimate their abilities due to a lack of experience or confidence. Additionally, it may introduce bias, where students might be influenced by their emotions or personal perceptions rather than objective criteria.

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Peer assessment can sometimes lead to inconsistent and biased evaluations, as students may lack the expertise to accurately judge their peers' work. Additionally, it can create tension and discomfort among students who may feel hesitant to critique their classmates or fear receiving negative feedback.

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Peer assessment encourages collaborative learning and critical thinking, as students evaluate each other's work and provide constructive feedback. It also helps students develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter by exposing them to diverse perspectives and approaches.

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Students are more responsible for their learning. 

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With anonymous responses like Slido, Mentimeter. 

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Students may not be sincere with themselves.

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(no) Friendship can influence the reliability. 

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Students critically reflect each others  work.

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ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΗ ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΟΡΟΥ

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ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΗ ΧΡΙΣΤΟΦΟΡΟΥ

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Promotes Self-Reflection: Encourages students to reflect on their own learning and identify areas of strength and weakness. Fosters Responsibility: Helps students take ownership of their learning process.Personalized Learning: Enables students to set personal learning goals and monitor their progress.

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Digital technologies enhance these methods by providing automated feedback, progress tracking, anonymity, and structured rubrics. Tools like online quizzes, digital portfolios, and peer review platforms reduce bias, ensure consistency, and aggregate feedback for comprehensive evaluation. While digital tools significantly improve these assessments, the teacher’s role in providing guidance and moderation remains crucial for their effectiveness and reliability.

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Bias and Inaccuracy: Students may overestimate or underestimate their abilities.
Lack of Expertise: Students may lack the necessary skills to accurately assess their own work.
Motivation Issues: Students may not take self-assessment seriously if they don't see immediate benefits.

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Bias and Inequity: Peer assessments can be influenced by personal biases and friendships.Inconsistent Quality: The quality of feedback may vary greatly depending on the peer's understanding and commitment.Reliability Issues: Peers might not be as reliable as teachers in providing accurate assessments.

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Collaborative Learning: Encourages collaboration and communication among students.
Multiple Perspectives: Provides diverse feedback, which can be more comprehensive.
Critical Thinking: Enhances critical thinking and evaluative skills as students review peers' work.

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First of all,it's helpful to explain to students what assessment means and how it's measured.In the first weeks of class, when the teacher explains the unit of study outline, he/she should explain the criteria. This requires taking action.
At the start of the group activity or unit of study, we have to talk about what is needed and provide guidance on how to judge their own contributions. Teachers have to make rules that match what students learn with what they do and how they do it. If assessment criteria are set up and clearly communicated, each element can be assessed.

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Encourages student participation and responsibility.
• Encourages students to think about their role and contribution to the process of the group.
• Helps students think about how their classmates judge their work.
• Develops students' judgment skills.

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Digital educational  technologies have many benefits and challenges.Technology helps students stay interested by giving them personalized learning, fun games, and keeping track of their progress.Teachers and parents can communicate better by using blogs, apps, and instant messaging.Students can find lots of information online and learn more.Technology makes it easy to learn and find things quickly.Digital tools help students work together and work together in groups.Learning that is personalized and adaptable helps students do better in school.Challenges:Screen time can lead to eye strain, sedentary behavior, and other health problems.Technology can't replace the relationship between teacher and student.Students may be distracted by content that is not educational or social media.Access to devices and internet connectivity is a challenge.

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Potentially increases workload by having to explain the process to students and provide ongoing guidance on how to do self-evaluation.• Self-evaluation can be seen as a process of giving inflated grades and being unreliable.• Students don't know how to do the assessment.

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The process can be risky because of peer pressure to give good grades.
If you have good grades or friends, it might affect how you are judged.
Students will be able to submit their assessments independently of the group.
• Students will often give the same mark to everyone.
• Students don't feel ready to do the assessment.
• Students may be afraid to judge their peers.

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Students are expected to participate and take responsibility.• Helps students think about how they helped the group and what they did.• Helps students improve their ability to judge things.• Gives students more relevant feedback because it comes from their peers

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-develop evaluative skills, consolidate learning, promotes autonomous learning, increase engagement.

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The benefits, such as increased efficiency, data-driven insights, and improved customer service, are persuasive, yet the challenges, like continuous technology investment and data security risks, demand thorough evaluation.

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-self assessment can be subjective because students may not be sincere and may even over-evaluate their own performance, time consuming for students, students may not be familiar with the assessment criteria.

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-Peer pressure and friendship can influence the reliability of grades given by students,students may have a tendency to give everyone the same mark (for example, there may be collusion in return for good grades),they are not experienced in assessing each other.

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-	Empower students to take responsibility for and manage their own learning,enable students to learn to assess and give others constructive feedback to develop lifelong assessment skills,enhance students' learning through knowledge diffusion and exchange of ideas, motivate students to engage with course material more deeply. 

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Promotes Metacognition: Encourages students to reflect on their learning processes, understand their strengths and weaknesses, and take ownership of their progress.Enhances Autonomy:Fosters a sense of responsibility and independence, as students are actively involved in evaluating their work.Immediate Feedback:Allows for instant self-correction and adjustment, which can be motivating and lead to improved learning outcomes.

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Collaborative Platforms (e.g., Google Docs, Microsoft Teams):
Facilitate real-time collaboration and feedback, allowing students to comment on and review each other’s work.
Peer Assessment Tools (e.g., Peergrade, Turnitin):
Provide structured platforms for peer review, including rubrics and anonymous feedback options to enhance objectivity.
Discussion Boards and Forums (e.g., Padlet, Flipgrid):
Enable students to share their work and receive constructive feedback in a moderated, supportive environment.

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Bias and Inaccuracy:
Students may overestimate or underestimate their performance, leading to inaccurate assessments.
Lack of Objectivity:
Personal biases and emotions can affect self-assessment, reducing its reliability.
Requires Training:
Students need guidance and practice to develop effective self-assessment skills.

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Peer Bias and Inaccuracy:
Students may be influenced by personal relationships, leading to biased or inaccurate assessments.
Potential for Conflict:
Differences in opinions and critical feedback can cause conflicts among students if not managed properly.
Requires Clear Guidelines:
Without clear criteria and guidelines, peer assessments can vary widely in quality and effectiveness.

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Promotes Collaborative Learning:Encourages students to engage with each other’s work, share insights, and learn from different perspectives.Develops Critical Thinking:Students learn to critically evaluate the work of others, which can improve their analytical and evaluative skills.Reduces Teacher Workload:Distributes the assessment process, providing students with more frequent feedback while reducing the burden on teachers.