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Dithyrums=theatre, started in the 6th century BCE. With women running through the country side; tearing apart animals and than go home.

Thespus- thespian switch between characters by using masks.

Theatron (theatre seats), orchestra (chorus performance), thymele/altar (center), Dressing not (skene), paradoi (off stage), Deus ex machina (God from a machine).

Tragic actors wore robes called cothurni.

It was important to have plays so citizens could see the plays and question values and structure of the state.

Interesting fact: Tragedy plays started in 5th century Athens, Aeschylus wrote 90 plays but we got 7, Sopholes wrote 120 but we got 7, and Euripides wrote 92 and we got 19, Aerostotel wrote The Poetics, and Catharsis and he said “Through pity and fear effects the proper purgation of these emotions.”

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Most plays were revived from Greek theatre.

Middle comedy started from 400 BCE- 323 BCE, but didn’t survive, because it wasn’t popular.

New comedy started at the death of Alexander the Great.

In 2nd and 3rd century BCE a new comedy had started called Fabula Palliata. Which is actors who would wear loose cloaks.

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Started in the 14th century, but Kabuki is the most popular point of Japanese theatre.

Kabuki ruled from 1603-1868 started from a military gov. After a series of civil wars the gov finally achieved peace and prosperity.

Practicing strict isolationism that allowed native arts to flourish, Kabuki was first originated by the 1st female dancer named Okuni, and other women adopted her style of dance.

Onna Kabuki (women’s dancing). It was prostitutes and other women dancing. The Samurai did not like this style of dance and was outlawed in 1629.

Young boys took the women’s place soon after and did the same thing

The Shogun did not not like this, so in 1642 men who dressed up as women were soon outlawed.

Sewamono- Domestic drama which was a heightened moment in the play.

Jidaimono- Start of the play, and with samurai battles.

Interesting Facts: Banrako started around the same times as Kabuki.
Banrako is puppet theatre took 10 years to master          feet and head.

Chikumutsu Monzuemam was considered the William Shakespeare for Japanese plays.

Actors and Actresses did not wear masks they put on paint and wore specific clothing.

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Started as far back to 1500 B.C. When dialogue was used in religious hymns.

Brahma invented theatre and commanded the first playhouse be built; but real theatre do not emerge until 5th century B.C.

Plays were composed in Sanskrit. The literally language used to understood only by the aristocrats.

Hindu drama was for the upper class, being performed in gardens, courtyards of the palaces, and palace play houses.

Green rooms- a place where actors changed and relaxed before and after performances, and is still used today.

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Started with the fall of Rome in 476 A.d. and continued to the end of the 15th century.

The church buried drama in the 5th century resurrected that same art sometime in the 9th century, when it introduced trope, short dramatized scenes into the mass.

Trop began in France and later spread out.

Mystery play- Bible stories re-enacted, Miracle play- enacting the lives of saints, Morality play- teaching right from wrong in which characters personified abstract qualities.

In the 10th century a nun, Hrosvitha wrote religious comedy that was performed on the cathedral mansions.

Drama in churches became boisterous when comedy was added, and crowds, became larger. In the 13th and 14th century, the mansions were moved outside to the marketplace.

Guild (union)- sponsored the plays, with each guild presenting an applicable episode.

Passion plays- evolved during the late Middle Ages. It depicted scenes from Christ’s life, particularly the last days of his suffering and his resurrection.

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Started in 15th and 16th century, and was an exciting time for theatre.

Italian Theatre- Commedia dell’arte remnants of ancient Roman comedy, and was flourished by 1550. It was a professional improvised comedy performed in streets for the masses. It consisted of seven men and three women, would ad lib action, dialogue, song, and dance around a scenario that usually involved love and intrigue.

Spanish Theatre- Spain wasn’t interested in comedy they were interested in drama. From 1550-1680 Spanish theatre flourished. Three major play wrights evolved at this time: Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616) who is better known for the novel Don Quixote than for his 30 plays; Lope de Vega (1562-1635) wrote 200 phenomenal plays, many of them fall of beautiful poetry, vigorous action, and dashing romance; Calderon (1600-1681) who also created 200 plays, which were distinguished by their spiritual emphasis and elevated poetry.

French Theatre- Reaching its height during the 17th century. Neoclassicism: a form in which dramatist were supposed to observe the classic unities and write in a restricted verse form. This French drama developed into entertainment mainly for royalty. Jean-Baptiste Poquellin (1622-1673) was a high point for the French theatre. He wrote such witty satires that his plays continue to entertain audiences around the world.

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Queen Elizabeth loved theatre, she commanded many performances; protected groups of plater through court sponsorship, and looked upon London’s fererish dramatic activity with approval.

It was also a time for enlightenment.

Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593); Marlowe is considered the greatest dramatist of the tragedy in England, even though he lived only to the age of twenty-nine. He wrote seven plays in his life time. Tembarlaine, Edward II, The Jew of Malta, and Dr, Fastus became his best known.

Ben Jonson (1572-1637); Jonson was a classic writer, always correct, always abiding by the Aristotelian unities. His work is humorous satire. Everyman in his humor, Volpine, and Alchemist are just a few of his plays. When James the I inherited the throne, Jonson entertained the court with Masques, great extravaganzas of song, dance, and recitation,

William Shakespeare (1564-1616); Considered the greatest of all English dramatists. By 1596 he was well established and in royal favor, for Queen Elizabeth granted him the coat of arms. He wrote many histories, comedies, tragedies, and fantasies.

The theatre's were constructed by James Burbage in 1576, accommodating 1,500 people.

Wooden O’s- the theatre is usually round or octagonal with two or three tiers of thatched roof galleries surrounding an open court on three sides.

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The restoration cam about with the reestablishing of the monarcht in 1660 under Charles II.

When Charles returned from France and was restored to the English throne, he started a new era of drama that was fashioned after theatre he had seen in Paris.

Plays of the restoration include John Dryden’s all for Love, George Ethurage’s Love in a tub, and William Wycherley’s The Country Wife.

The restoration e dead in 1737, when parliament passed a licensing act, which limited London’s public playhouses to two.