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A seed bank is defined generally as seed storage for genetic diversity preservation whereby it will be able to supply significant information regarding the species with respect to its phylogeny and/or representation of regenerative potentials (Hopfensperger, 2007). These banks are commonly designed to be protected from floods, bomb, and radiation effects and are kept at around -20ºC which helps the seeds preserve with the assurance that they will still be able to grow once needed.

Seed banks are crucial especially in ensuring our future to be as rich ecologically as it is today or more generally. Moreover, as plants are under the hazards brought about by various factors which include loss of habitat, climate change, pollution, pests, and diseases, seed banks are very essential as these endangered plants have their impact rates increasing the more that these factors affect them; seed banks may be of help in alleviating these risks (Gosling, 2020).

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There have been some organizations in which funds were raised through projects such as the Organic Seed Bank Project where it has been reported that after initial training of the farmers, the participants will be able to initiate an Organic Seed Bank Cooperative (Co-op) now known as Global Seed Savers-Philippines, counterpart NGO, that promote seed-saving. Through sponsors, donations, and the creation of curricula design by ENCA Farm (founded 2010), the organization were able to raise $7000 for the establishment of an organic seed bank in the Philippines which was officially opened in Tublay, Benguet last 2017, while it still continues, up to this day, in gaining collaborators all over the country.

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Seeds are the means by which a new plant will be dispersed and developed at any location. These are formed by sexual reproduction resulting in the formation of the embryo enclosed within the developing seed whereby the soon-to-be developed plant will largely be influenced by the physiological and biochemical properties of the seed through nourishment sustaining before it fully develops on its own, hence why it secures a crucial part in the life history of the whole and higher plants (Bewley & Black, 1994). The development of the placenta brought the opportunity for the plant embryos to acquire nutrition from the seed endosperm, consequently exhibiting diverse protective outer coverings which signal the embryo to germinate under favorable conditions (Harper et al., 1970). Spermatophyta or seed plants consist of two major groups in general namely Acrogymnospermae (gymnosperms - non-flowering) and Angiospermae (angiosperms - flowering), known as the most diverse lineages when it comes to vascular plants (Cantino et al., 2007).

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Traditionally, the flowering plants have been divided into two major groups, or classes,: the Dicots (Magnoliopsida) and the Monocots (Liliopsida). Many people take this separation into two classes for granted, because it is "plainly obvious", but botanists have not always recognized these as the two fundamental groups of angiosperms. Although Theophrastus (circa 370 BC) is credited with first recognizing differences between the two groups, classification of plants was based upon overall growth form -- trees, herbs, vines -- until the 1600s.

Land plants are called ‘embryophytes’ and thus, their collective name is defined by their ability to form embryos. Indeed, embryogenesis is a widespread phenomenon in plants, and much of our diet is composed of embryos (just think of grains, beans or nuts) However, in addition to embryos as a source of nutrition, they are also a fascinating study object. Some of the most fundamental decisions on fate and identity, as well as patterning and morphogenesis, are taken during the first days of plant life. Yet, embryos are diverse in structure and function, and embryogenesis in plants is by no means restricted to the zygote — the product of fertilization.

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In order for the plant to have a polarized embryonic axis, growth-regulating hormone auxin establishes a polarized embryonic axis by relying on PIN transporters which dictate the direction of growth and contribute to the patterning processes of the apical and basal poles of the embryo. Basal auxin sources at the one-cell stage may be able to trigger PIN7 auxin transporters going to the apical cell for responses to moderate the proembryo specifications. A second auxin source is created from displaying PIN1 polarity to the proembryo apex whereby this secondary source then triggers PIN1 polarity in the inner embryonic cells which aim the auxin to the basal axis this time to specify the roots (Wabnik et al. 2013). Homeobox genes play a vital role in plant development whereby a type namely HAZ1 protein marks radial axis differentiation by collapsing dynamically together with morphogenesis and are more abundantly expressed in the outer layers of the developing embryo, consequently marking the embryonic ventral surface later on (Ito et al., 2004).

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According to Fin-Savage and Leubner-Metzger (2006), seed dormancy is a natural characteristic of seeds to block germination of intact viable seeds just until there is an appropriate environmental condition to induce germination wherein the diversity of optimal conditions for each species of plant is dependent on the genetics of the seed brought about by long evolutionary history.

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Seed germination is vital stage in plant development and can be considered as a determinant for plant productivity. It begins by water imbibition, mobilization of food reserve, protein synthesis and consequence radicle protrusion. To sustain a good seedling development, seed stores a food reserve mainly as proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. Protein and oil bodies are the major reserve in oilseed which represent a source for each of energy, carbon, and nitrogen during seedling establishment. Because the physiology of reserve mobilization during germination and post-germination events is still poorly understood, extensive studies must be performed to know the metabolic mechanisms of reserve food mobilization providing insights into the ability to use such seeds as planting material. Enzymatic hydrolysis of protein, lipid and carbohydrate, and transportation of metabolites is dependent mainly on water availability

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A) Schematic representation (hand drawn by SS) of different parts of seeds and seed germination stages. Seeds and germination stages of dicotyledonous (chickpea) and monocotyledonous (maize) plants have been shown in upper and lower panels, respectively. (B) Major events associated with seed germination and post-germinative growth phases. Germination stages are represented by phase 1 and phase 2; postgermination events includes phase 3. The time (x-axis) for events varies from several hours to many weeks, depending on different plant species and germination conditions. Uptake of water and related increase in biomass is indicated in y-axis and shown in line graph during three phases. Some events (such as DNA repairing, transcription, translation, and mitochondria production etc.) are spread over more than one phases and indicated with shaded color; dark colors indicate more activity and light colors indicate less activity

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