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The starting point for our protagonist, Odysseus. His home is Ithaca. Odysseus is a great warrior having served in the Trojan War, has a son named Telemachus, and a wife named Penelope.

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"many were there, too, torn by brazen lanceheads, battle-slain, bearing still their bloody gear" (Homer 565). Odysseus is asked to fight in the Trojan War, but does not want to go. Athena convinces Odysseus to sail to Troy and use his intelligence to defeat the Trojans.

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Circe tells Odysseus to see Tieriseus to find out his destiny. "Circe informs him that in order to reach home he must journey to the land of the dead, Hades, and consult the blind prophet Tiresias" (Homer 525-530).

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Crossing the Threshold (The Land of the Dead) 

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Crossing the Threshold (The Land of the Dead) 

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Odysseus leaves the ordinary world and enters into a “new world”. This is when he enters the “gateway” to the unknown.

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The goddess involved is Calypso. Evidence of this is when Odysseus says "I have been detained long by Calypso, loveliest among goddesses, who held me in her smooth caves to be her heart's delight-" (Homer 30). Odysseus upheld Greek values intellect and loyalty. Odysseus gets captured by the lovely nymphs Calypso and Circe who wanted him to stay with them. After Odysseus sailed from Troy, he lands on Cicones, where his crew plunders and enslaves to resupply for their journey.

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The god involved in this journey is Zeus. Evidence of this is when Zeus sends a storm Odysseus's way while on see an shipwrecks them. "Now Zeus the lord of cloud roused in the north a storm against the ships, and driving veils of squall moved down like night on the land and sea" (Homer 70). Greek values that were used in this episode were intelligence, bravery, and leadership. As soon as Odysseus's men eat the fruit, they lose all thoughts of home and long for nothing more than to stay there eating more fruit.

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The god involved in this journey is Poseidon. Evidence of this is when Odysseus stabs Polyphemus in the eye blinding him and Polyphemus calls upon Poseidon to seek revenge on Odysseus and his men. "Let it be your father, Poseidon Lord, to whom you may pray" (Homer 360). Greek values that were used in this episode were intelligence, bravery, and hospitalbility. But he violated the value of having too much pride. Odysseus becomes trapped on the island of the Cyclops and must trick Polyphemus so that he can save himself and his men.

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The Land of Aeolia (Encounter with Aeolus)

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The Land of Aeolia (Encounter with Aeolus)

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Odysseus and his men sail to Aeolia and meet Aeolus, the king of the winds. Aeolus gives Odysseus and his men a sack of all the winds except for the west wind. Evidence of this is when "Odysseus and his men sail to Aeolia, where Aeolus, king of winds, sends Odysseus on his way with a gift: a sack containing all the winds except the favorable west wind" (Homer 525-530).

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Laestrygonians (Cannibals who destroy all his ships except the one he was on) - 

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Laestrygonians (Cannibals who destroy all his ships except the one he was on) - 

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Odysseus and his men arrive on an island of Laestrygonians (cannibals). When Odysseus and his men land on the island of the Laestrygonians, they Odysseus's ships with boulders, sinking all but Odysseus's own ship. "They sail for seven days and arrive in the land of the Laestrygonians, a race of cannibals" (Homer 525-530). The only Greek value that is violated is hospitality.

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The goddess involved in this episode is Hermes. She was sent by Athena to tell Odysseus how he might defeat Circe in order to free his crew from their enchantment. "She transforms half of the men into swine. Protected by a magical herb, Odysseus demands that Circe change his men back into normal form" (Homer 525-530).

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The goddess involved in this episode is Circe. She tells Odysseus how to avoid the Sirens and other upcoming challenges. "The goddess reveals his course to him and gives advice on how to avoid the dangers he will face: the Sirens, who lure sailors into destruction; the Wandering Rocks, sea rocks that destroy even birds in flight: the perils of the sea monster Scylla, and nearby, the whirlpool Charybdis; and the cattle of the sun god, which Tiresias has warned Odysseus not to harm" (Homer 670-675). The Greek Values upheld here are intelligence and bravery. Sirens are beautiful women of the sea, who sing songs that hypnotize or lure and trick men into shipwrecking their boats on rocky shores because they follow the irresistible songs. Odysseus instructs his crew to tie him to the mast, telling them to ignore whatever he may say while under the sway of the Siren's song.

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The goddess involved in this episode is Circe. "The goddess reveals his course to him and gives advice on how to avoid the dangers he will face: the Sirens, who lure sailors into destruction; the Wandering Rocks, sea rocks that destroy even birds in flight: the perils of the sea monster Scylla, and nearby, the whirlpool Charybdis; and the cattle of the sun god, which Tiresias has warned Odysseus not to harm" Homer 670-675). The Greek Values being upheld are bravery and leadership. Scylla is a six-headed monster who, when ships pass, swallows one sailor for each head. Charybdis is an enormous whirlpool that threatens to swallow the entire ship. As instructed by Circe, Odysseus goes into Scylla's lair and slays the monster.

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The goddess involved in the episode is Athena. "Ten years after the Trojan War, Odysseus departs from the goddess Calypso's island" (Homer 15-20). The Greek Values being upheld are bravery and intelligence. Calypso allows Odysseus to leave her island because she understands that, despite Odysseus sleeping with her, his heart longs for his wife and home.

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The Phaeacians are an allie to Odysseus because they gave Odysseus a ride back to Ithaca in their ships. They drop him off at a harbor while he's asleep, and from there, he makes it back to his palace and his family. "Great seafarers, the Phaeacians, gave me passage as they give other wanderers" (Homer 1070-1075).

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Telemachus was an allie to Odysseus because he is the son of Odysseus, goes after Odysseus to find out what happened to him, and gets helps Odysseus kill the suitors. "Aided by Athena, Odysseus, Telemachus, Eumaeus, and other faithful herdsman kill all the suitors" (Homer 1530-1535).

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Eumaeus was an allie to Odysseus because he helped Odysseus kill the suitors and was Odysseus's swineherd. "Athena disguises Odysseus as a beggar and directs him to the hut of Eumaeus, his old and faithful swineherd" (Homer 995-1000).

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The suitors are Odysseus's enemies because they ran rampant through Odysseus's house, eating all of the food, slaughtering the livestock, and harassing Penelope for her hand in marriage. "Count up the suitors for me, let me know what men at arms are there, how many men" (Homer 1080).

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The god involved is Helios. Odysseus urges his exhausted crew to pass the island of the sun god. Odysseus's men went after the cattle when Odysseus went off on his own and fell asleep. When Odysseus woke from his nap, he went down and caught sight of all of his crew eating the cattle that they slaughtered. "Old shipmates, our stores are in the ship's hold, food and drink; the cattle here are not for out provision, or we pay dearly for it" (Homer 835-840). The Greek Value that was violated was respect.

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The god involved in this episode is Athena. Athena helps Odysseus, Telemachus, Eumaeus, and other faithful herdsman kill the suitors. "Aided by Athena, Odysseus, Telemachus, Eumaeus, and other faithful herdsman kill all the suitors" (Homer 1530-1535). The Greek Value that were uphold were intelligence and bravery.

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This is when Odysseus tells his story to King Alcinous and reveals his identity to the suitors. "You yellow dogs, you thought I'd never make it home from the Land of Troy. You took my house to plunder...you dared bid for my wife while I was still alive. Contempt was all you had for the gods who rule wide heaven, contempt for what men say of you hereafter. Your last hour has come. You die in blood" (Homer 1440).

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Odysseus is reunited with his family and regains control of his kingdom. "Odysseus is reunited with his father. Athena commands the peace prevail between Odysseus and the relatives of the slain suitors. Odysseus has regained his family and his kingdom" (Homer 1620).

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Odysseus is be considered an epic hero because his endless curiosity has gotten him into dilemmas, while his great displays of strength, bravery, and intelligence have helped both him and his men escape danger. He has overcome many challenges throughout The Odyssey with the help of his allies and wits.