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A rivalry or conflict between two powerful nations.

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Peasants, tribals, students, factory workers and women began to take part in the national movement.

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a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang army.

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war fought between the State of Israel and a military coalition of Arab states over the control of Palestine.

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the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States

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a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia

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The triumph of the October Revolution and collapse of the Russian empire increased national movements among the different nationalities that lived in the country.

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the spokesman for East Berlin's Communist Party announced a change in his city's relations with the West. Starting at midnight that day, he said, citizens of the GDR were free to cross the country's borders.

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the process of including new member states in NATO.

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a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.

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an American five-star general and Field Marshal of the Philippine Army.

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a Chinese communist revolutionary, poet, political theorist and founding father of the People's Republic of China

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a Kenyan anti-colonial activist and politician who governed Kenya as its Prime Minister from 1963 to 1964

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a lawyer, politician, and the founder of Pakistan. Jinnah served as the leader of the All-India Muslim League

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a Vietnamese Communist revolutionary leader who was Chairman and First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Vietnam.

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the primary national founder of the State of Israel and the first Prime Minister of Israel.

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an Indian activist who was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule.

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the title of a gradual and sustained aerial bombardment campaign conducted by the U.S. 2nd Air Division, U.S.

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North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between several North American and European countries based on the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949.

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an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $13 billion in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II.

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a war between North Korea and South Korea

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a 13-day (October 16-28 1962) confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning American ballistic missile deployment in Italy and Turkey with consequent Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba. The confrontation is often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war.

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Mikhail Gorbachev, the last leader of the Soviet Union, came to power in 1985 with a vision of reform. His plan for the future was led by two ideas: perestroika and glasnost. Gorbachev's reforms did more to hasten the fall of the Soviet Union than they did to save it.

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An international confrontation that led to the United States engaging more directly in the Vietnam War.

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On April 17, 1961, 1400 Cuban exiles launched what became a botched invasion at the Bay of Pigs on the south coast of Cuba. In 1959, Fidel Castro came to power in an armed revolt that overthrew Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista.

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The Palestinian people, also referred to as Palestinians or Palestinian Arabs, are an ethnonational group comprising the modern descendants of the peoples who have lived in Palestine over the centuries

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A form of irregular warfare in which a small group of combatants, such as paramilitary personnel, armed civilians, or irregulars, use military tactics.

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Kwame Nkrumah PC was a Ghanaian politician and revolutionary. He was the first prime minister and president of Ghana, having led it to independence from Britain in 1957.

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An economic and social campaign by the Communist Party of China from 1958 to 1962.

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Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India and a central figure in Indian politics before and after independence.

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13-day political and military standoff in October 1962 over the installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba, just 90 miles from U.S. shores.

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Chiang Kai-shek, also romanized as Chiang Chieh-shih and known as Chiang Chungcheng, was a political and military leader who served as the leader of the Republic of China between 1928 and 1975.

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United States policy using numerous strategies to prevent the spread of communism abroad.

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The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.

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Ahmed Ben Bella was an Algerian socialist soldier and revolutionary who was the first President of Algeria from 1963 to 1965

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Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989

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A public statement issued by the British government during World War I announcing support for the establishment of a "national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine,

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A socialist political party in Algeria. It was the principal nationalist movement during the Algerian War.

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Term which refers to a group of political ideologies, mainly within Sub-Saharan Africa, which are based on the idea of national self-determination and the creation of nation states.

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Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev was a Soviet statesman who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964

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John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy, commonly referred to by his initials JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963.

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A commune is an intentional community of people living together, sharing common interests, often having common values and beliefs, as well as shared property, possessions, resources, and, in some communes, work, income or assets.

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Zionism is the national movement of the Jewish people that supports the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel.

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a person who has been forced to leave their country in order to escape war, persecution, or natural disaster.

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The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan.

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Pan-Arabism or Arabism is an ideology espousing the unification of the countries of North Africa and West Asia from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, referred to as the Arab world.

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The All-India Muslim League was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire.

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a broad-based political party in India ounded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement, with over 15 million members and over 70 million participants.

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Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, is a Russian and former Soviet politician. He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union

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Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill was a British statesman, army officer, and writer, who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955.

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Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz, commonly known as Fidel Castro, was a Cuban politician and revolutionary who governed the Republic of Cuba as Prime Minister from 1959 to 1976 and then as President from 1976 to 2008.

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Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev was a Soviet Ukrainian politician who led the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982 as the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

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a collective defense treaty signed in Warsaw

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The North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a military alliance of European and North American democracies founded after World War II to strengthen international ties between member states especially the United States and Europe and to serve as a counter-balance to the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact.

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global organization that brings together its member states to confront common challenges

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a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender

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American foreign policy which purpose was to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War.

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a place of significant activity or danger.

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the policy or practice of more open consultative government and wider dissemination of information, initiated by leader Mikhail Gorbachev from 1985.

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a state with a dominant position

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an economic system in which private business operates in competition and largely free of state control.

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The communist nations closely allied with the Soviet Union, including Bulgaria, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, and Romania, whose foreign policies depended on those of the former Soviet Union.

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the theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighboring countries, like a falling domino causing an entire row of upended dominoes to fall

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a country governed by a dictator.

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a Polish labor union that was founded on September 1980 at the Lenin Shipyard under the leadership of Lech . It was the first trade union in a Warsaw Pact country that was not controlled by a communist party.

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a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

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he action or policy of preventing the expansion of a hostile country or influence.

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The policy of restructuring and reforming the economic and political system

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the state of political hostility that existed between the Soviet bloc countries and the US-led Western powers from 1945 to 1990

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the notional barrier separating the former Soviet bloc and the West prior to the decline of communism that followed the political events in eastern Europe in 1989.

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the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.

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Fortified concrete and wire barrier that separated East and West Berlin from 1961 to 1989.

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A military operation in the late 1940's that brought food and other needed goods into West Berlin by air after the government of East Germany had cut off its supply routes.

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The Battle of Inchon was an amphibious invasion and battle of the Korean War that resulted in a decisive victory and strategic reversal in favor of the United Nations.

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the principle of nonviolence toward all living things

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The connation of nuclear weapons having the extreme destructive power to deter a nation.

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The 38th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 38 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.