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The Sutton Hoo Archeological Site [charlotte]

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The Sutton Hoo Archeological Site [charlotte]

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1. The Sutton Hoo Archeological Site is... a burial ground in England from around the 620s to 650s. Inside is an 80 foot ship that is fully equipped for the afterlife. Based on the dates which historians suspect the ship was from, they believe that it was intended for a king Raedwald or Aethelhere. Citation: https://www.britannica.com/place/Sutton-Hoo
2. "Then fashioned for him the folk of Geats firm on the earth a funeral-pile,
and hung it with helmets and harness of war and breastplates bright, as the boon he asked; and they laid amid it the mighty chieftain, heroes mourning their master dear" (2712 - 2718).

3. Why do you think Anglo-Saxons buried their great kings with boats and treasure?
The Anglo-Saxons probably buried their great kings with boats and ships so that they had ships in the afterlife. I do not know what the Anglo-Saxons believed about the afterlife, but I know that some cultures believed you had to cross a river, Egypt for example, so the Anglo-Saxons may have had similar beliefs. Either way, the Anglo-Saxons likely believed that having a ship in the afterlife would be helpful.

4. Image citation: https://www.archaeology.co.uk/articles/secrets-of-sutton-hoo.htm

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1. The Sutton Hoo Helmet is a helmet that was found in the grave of a chieftain. It is said to conjure up images of the warlord in the Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf.
2. "You are free now to move forward to meet Hrothgar in helmets and armor, but shields must stay here and spears be stacked until the outcome of the audience is clear" (395-398).

3. Why do you think Anglo-Saxons decorated their armor and weapons?
To illustrate their own stories and victories in war. It shows confidence and it sends a powerful message.
citation
“A History of the World - Object : Sutton Hoo Helmet.” BBC, BBC, www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/kpnm6FD3TOaNri1gNPGJ1w.In-text Citation

4. Image citation: https://bbk12e1-cdn.myschoolcdn.com/ftpimages/289/topics/thumb_topic_111631_d16081914234162.jpg

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Fyrkat in Hobro, Denmark (Mead Hall) [Olivia]

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Fyrkat in Hobro, Denmark (Mead Hall) [Olivia]

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1. Fyrkat is a viking fortress located near Hobro, Denmark in a valley. Four groups and houses were within it. It was located near water.
Citation: http://www.vikingdenmark.com/fyrkat-viking-fortress-hobro-denmark.html

2. "So his mind turned to hall-building: he handed down orders for men to work on a great mead-hall meant to be a wonder of the world forever..." (67-70)

3. What was important about mead halls for the Anglo-Saxon culture?
According to passage, the mead halls were a center for Anglo-Saxons to come together. People worked on building it very carefully for it was a crucial point in the Anglo-Saxon culture.

4. Image citation: http://www.euro-t-guide.com/See_Photo/Denmark/JUT-N/Fyrkat_Hobro_2011_18.jpg

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1. The Nydam boat...

The Nydam boat is an old Germanic boat that was found in the 1860s in a bog in Southern Jutland. This is the largest, oldest, most intact rowing vessel known in Northern Europe. It is 23 meters long and made of oak. The boat was probably used around 200-400 AD.
Information Citation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nydam_Mose

2. "A ring-whorled prow rode in the harbor, ice-clad, outbound, a craft for a prince. They stretched their beloved lord in his boat, laid out by the mast, amidships, the great ring-giver. Far-fetched treasures were piled upon him, and precious gear. I never heard before of a ships well furbished with battle-tackle, bladed weapons and coats of mail" (32-40).

3. How might this passage help us to understand that boats meant more to the Anglo-Saxons than just a mode of transportation?
This passage makes it sound like the boat is for a very wealthy king. It is the type of boat that was sent out to find riches. A boat like this seems to be only fit for a wealthy king.

4. Image citation: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Nydam-Boot.JPG/1000px-Nydam-Boot.JPG

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Map of Jutes, Geats, Danes and Swedes [SMM]

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Map of Jutes, Geats, Danes and Swedes [SMM]

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1. The attached map image shows the tribal lands of the Germanic and Scandinavian Tribes during the period described in Beowulf. The tribes fought each other for territory and authority, but also made alliances through marriage and trade.
Citation: quarocdn.net

2 "Then it fell to Beow to keep the forts. He was well regarded and ruled the Danes for a long time after his father took leave of his life on earth" (53-56).

3. What does this passage suggest to us about the Danish king's role with respect to his land? The passage indicates the role of the King to be the primary guardian of the lands that his forefathers had conquered. His leadership role was a warlike one.

4. Image Citation: https://qph.ec.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-a90c048913f34ef1dbb9f4ee72a62fb5

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1.  The Sutton Hoo sword was created through a technique called pattern-welding that forms the blade to have cut out triangles along the edges. The sword was said to only hang from the belt of those who were truly magnificent.
https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/sword-from-the-ship-burial-at-sutton-hoo/uQGATpxRArOXnw

2. "...a rare and ancient sword named Hrunting. The iron blade with its ill-boding patterns had been tempered in blood. It had never failed the hand of anyone who hefted it in battle" (1458-1461).

3.What do you think it means that the Anglo-Saxons had names for their swords?
I think that it means that the Anglo-Saxons were most likely technologically advanced. The evidence of this is provided by the different names, we can infer that because of the name that there must be multiple swords similar to this.

4. Image citation: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Sutton_Hoo_Sword.JPG

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1. The Sutton Hoo Shield is an object that was laid at the head of the Sutton Hoo burial place with a dead person laid upon it. It was a round surface made up of limestone and fur covers it. It also had two designs with a dragon and bird of prey with a handle in the back to hold the shield.
http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/kids/sutton_shield.html

2. “Swaddled in flames, it came gliding and flexing and racing toward its fate. Yet his shield defended the renowned leader’s life and limb for a shorter time than he meant it to: that final day was the first time when Beowulf fought and fate denied him glory in battle” (2569-2575).

3. Why do you think shields were so important to warriors that they were often buried with them?

I think the Sutton Hoo shield was buried with the warriors because of the elegance and craftsmanship which was a big thing at the time which showed the respect and sorrow the other soldiers felt when they had to bury their comrades.

4. Image citation:
http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/kids/images/shield_sutton.gif

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Ancient Scandinavian Torque (token of honor) [Rachael]

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Ancient Scandinavian Torque (token of honor) [Rachael]

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1. An Ancient Scandinavian Torque was found around the 8th century BC to the century3rd  AD and was used to wear around the neck. These tended to be made of one or two big strands of metal twisted together. People wore these bronze, silver, or gold accessories to show their social rank.
citation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torc

2. "Far and wide through the world, I have heard, orders for work to adorn that wallstead were sent to many peoples. And soon it stood there,
finished and ready, in full view,
the hall of halls. Heorot was the name he had settled on it, whose utterance was law. Nor did he renege, but doled out rings and torques at the table. The hall towered, its gables wide and high and awaiting a barbarous burning" (74-84).

3. Why might Anglo-Saxon culture have valued something like a torque?
I think that the Anglo-Saxon culture might have valued an item such as the ancient Scandinavian torque because it was seen as a symbol of power and wealth. Being called the "token of honor", it's easy to tell that wearing this is a very big deal and makes you very honorable and respected.

4. Image citation:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Torque_%C3%A0_tampons_Somme-Suippe_Mus%C3%A9e_Saint-Remi_120208.jpg/1200px-Torque_%C3%A0_tampons_Somme-Suippe_Mus%C3%A9e_Saint-Remi_120208.jpg

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The Sutton Hoo Bird of Prey Ornamentation [Parker]

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The Sutton Hoo Bird of Prey Ornamentation [Parker]

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1. The Sutton Hoo Bird of Prey Ornament is a figural scene on a purse lid. It is a bird of prey holding a smaller bird.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/anglo-saxon-england/article/birds-on-the-sutton-hoo-purse/191D5FBD7E13BA888C56583A2CB348AA

2. "They stretched their beloved lord in his boat, laid out by the mast, amidships, the great ring-giver. Far-fetched treasures were piled upon him, and precious gear. I never heard before of a ship so well furbished with battle tackle, bladed weapons and coats of mail. The massed treasure was loaded on top of him: it would travel far on out into the ocean's sway" (34-42).

3. Why might a "Bird of Prey" be seen as a good animal to use as an ornament on a battle shield?
The bird of prey could symbolize the strength of the people with the bird of prey holding the smaller bird.

4. Image citation: http://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/anglo-saxon-bird-shield-ornament-from-the-sutton-hoo-ship-news-photo/501585757#anglosaxon-bird-shield-ornament-from-the-suttonhoo-ship-burial-from-picture-id501585757

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1. The Sutton Hoo Silver Bowls... Were found in the burial tomb of the East Anglian king Rædwald. They seem to have some form of significance because they were buried close to the head of the king rather with the rest of the silver which was placed towards the bottom of the tomb.

2. "They stretched their beloved lord in his boat, laid out by the mast, amidships, the great ring-giver. Far-fetched treasures were piled upon him, and precious gear. I never heard before of a ship so well furbished with battle tackle, bladed weapons and coats of mail. The massed treasure was loaded on top of him: it would travel far
on out into the ocean's sway" (34-42).

3. Why do you think the Anglo-Saxons consider bowls as treasure worth burying with a king?

Though we do not know the exact meaning of the bowls, they likely hold some form of religious significance as well as being well made and  expensive.

http://www.medievalists.net/2014/07/byzantine-silver-bowls-sutton-hoo-ship-burial-tree-worship-anglo-saxon-england/

4. Image citation:
http://www.medievalists.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Byzantine-bowls-found-at-Sutton-Hoo.jpeg

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1. "Keening" is a traditional form of vocal lament for the dead, often involving traditional artistic and poetic elements that sung. Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keening

2. "And they set a gold standard up high above his head and let him drift to wind and tide, bewailing him and mourning their loss" (47 - 50).

3. What sense does it make to turn the natural sounds of mourning into a song?
Turning the natural sounds of mourning into a song would create a sense of hurt, heartbreak, sadness, etc.

4. Image citation:
https://winteriscoming.net/wp-content/blogs.dir/385/files/2015/08/Catelyn-Stark-screams-at-the-Red-Wedding.jpg

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1. The Sutton Hoo Purse Lid...
The Sutton Hoo Purse lid was something the Anglo-Saxons would use to cover their pouches containing gold coins. It hung from one's waste belt and was fastened by a gold buckle. This cover represented wealth and power.
Citation: https://smarthistory.org/the-sutton-hoo-purse-lid/
2. "Boar-shapes flashed
above their cheek-guards, the brightly forged work of goldsmiths, watching over those stern-faced men. They marched in step,
hurrying on till the timbered hall
rose before them, radiant with gold" (303-308).

3. Why do you think the Anglo-Saxons valued gold so highly?
Wealth was used to establish status in the Anglo-Saxon society. Gold represented one's class and wealth. If you had money, you were very well respected. Wearing gold does exactly that, shows off your wealth.

4. Image citation: http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth212/sutton_hoo.html

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1. The Sutton Hoo Harp...
The Sutton Hoo Harp is a stringed  musical instrument That was used by the Anglo-Saxons. This instrument was closely associated with poetry in Old English.

http://www.tha-engliscan-gesithas.org.uk/archives/the-sound-of-the-sutton-hoo-harp

2. "Then a powerful demon, a prowler through the dark, nursed a hard grievance. It harrowed him to hear the din of the loud banquet every day in the hall, the harp being struck and the clear song of a skilled poet telling with mastery of man's beginnings . . ." (86-91)

3. What roles do you think poets played in the culture of the Anglo-Saxons?
Poets played a big rule in the culture of the Anglo-Saxons because there was a lot of fighting and invasions and the poets helped keep everything calm and also this promoted literature. art and poetry.

4. Image citation: http://bagbybeowulf.com/images/harp1.jpg

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1. The Sutton Hoo Iron Stand is...a straight iron bar tapering from the bottom to top. The lower end of the bar tapers into a sharp point. At the upper end there is an iron plate, the arms of the upper plate fold in and "terminate animal heads"(not 100% as to what this means). Below is a grille that is connected by 4 rods to form a cage.
citation:
http://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=88889&partId=1
2. “And they set a gold standard up
high above his head and let him drift to wind and tide, bewailing him
50 and mourning their loss" (47-50).
3. What do you think it means that the king described was given a funeral with a golden standard rather than an iron standard as was the king buried at Sutton Hoo?
It showed that the king was wealthier and more powerful than the rest of the population around him. Other people could not afford this expensive gold stand however the wealth of the king allowed him to do so.
4. Image citation:
https://cgi.stanford.edu/group/rufus-project/cgi-bin/images/imagedatabase/ironstand.JPG

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1. The Sutton Hoo Gold coins and ingots...were found in a purse that was among the burial goods at Sutton Hoo. 37 gold coins, two small gold ingots and three coin shaped blanks were found in the purse. They all come from the kingdom of the Merovingian Franks in continental Europe and cannot be dated exactly but are assumed to be deposited some time between 610-635 AD.

https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/medieval-world/early-medieval/a/the-sutton-hoo-ship-burial

2. "They marched in step, hurrying on till the timbered hall rose before them radiant with gold" (305 - 308).

3. Why do you think the Anglo-Saxons valued gold so highly?

I  think the Anglo-Saxons valued gold so highly because it was expensive and valuable which meant that only the wealthy could afford it. Gold allowed people to give a visual representation of how much money they had and where they were on the social ladder compared to others. It also could have been good for trade.

4. Image citation: https://lh6.ggpht.com/h8rSt-KPnnP-LoF4L_4b58I4S80UoF0NbzpmKJNyoKHGCZcRsyjJ1qm7PQ

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The Sutton Hoo Great Golden Buckle [Mimi]

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The Sutton Hoo Great Golden Buckle [Mimi]

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1. The Sutton Hoo Great Golden Buckle... is a huge golden belt buckle used in Anglo-Saxon England and expressed a man's wealth and status. It is from the Sutton Hoo ship burial, showing that the person commemorated there was important.

2. "Boar-shapes flashed above their cheek-guard, the brightly forged work of goldsmiths, watching over those stern-faced men" (303-306).

3. Why do you think the Anglo-Saxons valued gold so highly?
It could show one's wealth and status in their society. It was also valuable and probably gave a sense of power and respect to whoever was wearing it.
(citation) "Gold belt buckle from the ship burial at Sutton Hoo." Google Arts and Culture,
artsandculture.google.com/asset/
gold-belt-buckle-from-the-ship-burial-at-sutton-hoo/ywGloVQL6jfErg.
Accessed 19 Sept. 2018.
4. Image citation:
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/bd/ae/ef/bdaeefa99bced144baae5f054e424df4.png

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1.   A scop was... an Anglo-Saxon minstrel. Often associated with a particular royal court, they sometimes traveled to other royal courts to recite poetry and entertain. They preserved the Germanic oral storytelling tradition. (https://www.britannica.com/art/scop)

2. "Then a powerful demon, a prowler through the dark, nursed a hard grievance. It harrowed him
to hear the din of the loud banquet every day in the hall, the harp being struck and the clear song of a skilled poet, telling with mastery of man's beginnings..." (86 -91)

3. What roles do you think poets played in the culture of the Anglo-Saxons?
In a world where the common people worked to survive and had little to no time for relaxing, a scop that visited a village would be a great relief. They entertained and brought joy to those around them, all while preserving a tradition.

4. Image citation: bbc.co.uk