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" Charles Darwin
> Human had already developed muiscal ability prior to language
> To charm each other"

THE DIVINE SOURCE
1) Biblical Tradition
> Book of Genesis : God created Adam and teach him words
2) Hinduism
> Language from Sarasvati-wife of Brahma (Creator of Universe)
3) Herodotus reported:
>Egyptian Pharaoh named Psamtik @ Psammetichus tried exrimenting with 2 babies. (2500 years ago)

ONOMATOPEIA
words that sound similar to the noises.

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Teeth : upright form

Lips : intricate muscle interlacing

Mouth : smaller, muscular tongue

Larynx : below pharynx, located where the vocal cords are.

Pharynx : above the larynx.

TOOL MAKING SOURCE
*Teeth & lip : Chewing & sucking
* Developed preferential right handedness : capable making stone tools, wood tools, composite tools.
Brain size = lateralized
Genetic source = innateness hypothesis

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Properties of Human Language

1) Displacement
- able to relate time and place

2)Arbitrariness
- varied, not fit
- relationship between linguistic signs & objects in the world

3) Productivity
- creativity @ open endedness
-new expressions & utterance to describe new objects and situations.

4) Cultural Transmission
- language passed from one generation to the next

5) Duality
- double articulation
- distinct level of production combining separate element.

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1) Chimpanzees & language

1930 - Luella & Winthrop Kellog                    with 'Gua'

- able to understand 100 words
1940 - Catherine & Keith Hayes
-'Viki' , home-raised (5 years)
- immitated some words
- poorly articulated

2) Washoe
- Beatrix & Allen Gardner
- teach American Sign Language
- raised in domestic environment
- able to imitated some sign

3) Sara & Lana
- Anna & David Premack
- use a set of plastic shapes represent words.
-able to demonstrates words symbols & basic structures resemble language.

4) Kanzi - symbol system

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1) Phonetics = Characteristic of speech sound
i. Articulatory phonetics
= how speech sounds are mode @ articulated
ii. Acoustic phonetics
= physical properties of speech as sound waves in the air
iii. Auditory phonetics
= perceptual, perception via the ear, of speech sounds

2) Voice Sound
i. Voiceless
= Glottis spread apart, air from lungs passes between unimpeded.
= f-f-f-f , s-s-s-s

ii. Voiced
= Glottis drawn together , air from lungs repeatedly pushes them apart to pass through - vibrating effect.
= z-z-z-z , v-v-v-v