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Thomas Hooker was a prominent Puritan colonial leader, who founded the Colony of Connecticut after dissenting with Puritan leaders in Massachusetts. He was known as an outstanding speaker and an advocate of universal Christian suffrage.

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Often labeled as traitors, many Separatists fled England for more tolerant lands. One such group left England for Holland in 1608, and in 1620 some of them, the Pilgrims, famously settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts. The Plymouth Separatists cooperated with the Puritans who settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1630.

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Roger Williams was a Puritan minister, theologian, and author who founded the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. He was a staunch advocate for religious freedom, separation of church and state, and fair dealings with American Indians, and he was one of the first abolitionists.

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Peter Stuyvesant; served as the last Dutch director-general of the colony of New Netherland from 1647 until it was ceded provisionally to the English in 1664, after which it was renamed New York.

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John Rolfe was one of the early English settlers of North America. He is credited with the first successful cultivation of tobacco as an export crop in the Colony of Virginia.

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Anne Hutchinson was a Puritan spiritual adviser, mother of 15, and an important participant in the Antinomian Controversy which shook the infant Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638.

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The Virginia Company was a joint stock company that was approved by King James I to create new settlements in the colony of Virginia. A joint stock company is a business organization with which investors pooled money in order to purchase stock in a company.

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Grains, such as corn, wheat, and rice, are the world's most popular food crops. In fact, these crops are often the basis for food staples. A food staple is a food that makes up the dominant part of a population's diet.

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Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively between 800 million and more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians. It originated with the 16th century Reformation, a movement against what its followers perceived to be errors in the Roman Catholic Church.

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The Pilgrims or Pilgrim Fathers were the first English settlers of the Plymouth Colony in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Their leadership came from the religious congregations of Brownist Puritans who had fled the volatile political environment in England for the relative calm and tolerance of 17th-century Holland in the Netherlands.

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Mercantilism is a national economic policy that is designed to maximize the exports of a nation. Mercantilism was dominant in modernized parts of Europe from the 16th to the 18th centuries before falling ...

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The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth Colony. It was written by the male passengers of the Mayflower, consisting of separatist Puritans, adventurers, and tradesmen. The Puritans were fleeing from religious persecution by King James of England.

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t was quickly taken over by a group of Puritans, under the leadership of John Winthrop, who wished to establish a religious community in the New World. The first colonists sailed from England in 1630 and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony, with its center at Boston.

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A joint-stock company is a business entity in which shares of the company's stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their shares. Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company.

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In 1621, the Estates-General of the Netherlands founded the Dutch West India Company to develop its American claims. Its purpose was to open trade in North and South America and to build forts, maintain troops, and challenge Spanish trade in America, especially in the West Indies.

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A commodity is a basic good used in commerce that is interchangeable with other commodities of the same type. Commodities are most often used as inputs in the production of other goods or services. The quality of a given commodity may differ slightly, but it is essentially uniform across producers.

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The definition of a colony is a group of people who create a settlement in a distant land but remain under the governmental control of their native country or a group of similar animals that live together. An example of a colony was Massachusetts under British rule during the 17th and 18th centuries.

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The church of England has been the official church in England for about 450 years

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The vaquero is a horse-mounted livestock herder of a tradition that originated on the Iberian Peninsula. Today the vaquero is still a part of the doma vaquera, the Spanish tradition of working riding.

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Triangular trade or triangle trade is a historical term indicating trade among three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports come.

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Transatlantic slave trade, segment of the global slave trade that transported between 10 million and 12 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas from the 16th to the 19th century.

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Trade involves the transfer of goods or services from one person or entity to another, often in exchange for money. A system or network that allows trade is called a market. An early form of trade, barter, saw the direct exchange of goods and services for other goods and services.

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A Christian mission is an organized effort to spread Christianity to new converts. Missions often involve sending individuals and groups, called missionaries, across boundaries, most commonly geographical boundaries, for the purpose of proselytism.

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The Middle Passage was the stage of the triangular trade in which millions of Africans were forcibly transported to the New World as part of the Atlantic slave trade.

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An indentured servant or indentured laborer is an employee within a system of unfree labor who is bound by a signed or forced contract to work for a particular employer for a fixed time. The contract often lets the employer sell the labor of an indenture to a third party.

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An epidemic occurs when an infectious disease spreads rapidly to many people. For example, in 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic took the lives of nearly 800 people worldwide. What is a pandemic? A pandemic is a global disease outbreak.

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The three basic types of adaptations, based on how the genetic changes are expressed, are structural, physiological and behavioral adaptations. Most organisms have combinations of all these types.

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Encomienda was a Spanish labor system. It rewarded conquerors with the labor of particular groups of subject people. It was first established in Spain during the Roman period, but used also following the Christian conquest of Muslim territories.

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The two most famous conquistadors were Hernán Cortés who conquered the Aztec Empire and Francisco Pizarro who led the conquest of the Incan Empire. They were second cousins born in Extremadura, where many of the Spanish conquerors were born.

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Early quadrants used a 90 degree arc and a string bob to determine the angle of elevation to the sun, Polaris, and other celestial bodies. The quadrant is a very simple tool that allows the user to determine his or her latitude by measuring the altitude of a heavenly body.

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By extension he became a patron saint of Czech brewers. ... Although there is no evidence of him among the church listings of saints, Gambrinus, called the "King of Beer", continues to be celebrated by brewers as a patron saint. Probably the best known Irish saint after Patrick is Saint Brigid

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The Northwest Passage is, from the European and northern Atlantic point of view, the sea route to the Pacific Ocean through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.

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The United States' Uniform Code of Military Justice defines mutiny thus: ... (b) A person who is found guilty of attempted mutiny, mutiny, sedition, or failure to suppress or report a mutiny or sedition shall be punished by death or such other punishment as a court-martial may direct.

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The lateen sail was crucial for the development of ships that were maneuverable and reliable under sail power alone. These improvements made it possible for ships to increase in size, giving them the ability to carry cargo more profitably and more reliably.

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An excursion, journey, or voyage made for some specific purpose, as of war or exploration. the group of persons, ships, etc., engaged in such an activity: a large expedition of scientists and military personnel.

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Conquistadors is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense. During the Age of Discovery, conquistadors sailed beyond Europe to the Americas, Oceania, Africa, and Asia, conquering territory and opening trade routes.

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A compass is an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction relative to the geographic cardinal directions. Usually, a diagram called a compass rose shows the directions north, south, east, and west on the compass face as abbreviated initials.

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Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body. The first known circumnavigation of Earth was the Magellan-Elcano expedition, which sailed from Seville, Spain in 1519 and returned in 1522, after crossing the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans.

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The caravel was a vessel of paramount importance in the 15th and 16th centuries, when it was used to traverse the immense barrier to the New World. During these centuries, the caravel was a ship with a distinctive shape and admirable qualities.

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The astrolabe was the most important invention of the Age of Exploration, as seen through the facts that it could determine local time and latitude, measure the angles of stars, and locate the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and more components of astronomy.

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In North America, totem poles are part of the cultures of many indigenous peoples of Alaska, British Columbia and the Pacific Northwest. Totem poles serve many purposes beyond their beauty, and their meanings are as varied as the cultures that make them. Some totem poles represent stories or important events.

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Teepee is a tall, cone-shaped tent dwelling used by the plains' Indians, and was made by stretching buffalo skin over a skeleton of 20-30 wooden poles, all slanted towards a central point and tied together near the top. A flap at the top allowed smoke to escape, and a flap at the bottom served as a doorway.

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Pueblo Indians, North American Indian peoples known for living in compact permanent settlements known as pueblos. Representative of the Southwest Indian culture area, most live in northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico.

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These things include water (seas and fresh water), land, soils, rocks, forests (vegetation), animals (including fish), fossil fuels and minerals. They are called Natural Resources and are the basis of life on earth. All these mentioned above are natural, and they exist in nature.

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The Iroquois longhouse were built to house 20 or more families. The Iroquois Indian tribe was actually a confederacy of six Native American nations. ... They actually called themselves Haudenosaunee, which meant “people who live in the extended longhouses.” The Iroquois lived in a type of dwelling known as a longhouse.

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Loan funds are repaid from borrowers to lenders through Kiva's Field Partners, or by utilizing the money transfer platform PayPal. For partner loans, Kiva's local Field Partners collect repayments from the borrowers, based on each loan repayment schedule and the borrower's ability to repay.

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Deganwidah and Hiawatha joined together and went from tribe to tribe. They convinced each tribe about the importance of peace and unity. They convinced the five tribes to form the Indian confederation called the Iroquois League. When the Europeans arrived, the Iroquois were a strong nation.

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The Achaemenid Empire was the first Persian Empires and one of the largest empires ever in history. ...

The Kushite Empire, also known as the 25th Dynasty of Egypt and the Nubian Dynasty, occurred when the Nubians successfully invaded Ancient Egypt.

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The name of the Algonquian language family is distinguished from the orthographically similar Algonquin dialect of the indigenous Ojibwe language (Chippewa), which is a senior member of the Algonquian language family. The term "Algonquin" has been suggested to derive from the Maliseet word elakómkwik

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a system that allows each branch of a government to amend or veto acts of another branch so as to prevent any one branch from exerting too much power.The Constitution divided the Government into three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. ... The legislative branch has the power to approve Presidential nominations, control the budget, and can impeach the President and remove him or her from office.

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An amendment is a change or addition to the Constitution.

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The Bill of Rights are the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution. The idea behind the Bill of Rights was to insure certain freedoms and rights to the citizens of America. It put limits on what the government could do and control. ... They would later become known as the Bill of Rights.

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making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming it; "the ratification of the treaty"; "confirmation of the appointment" Similar Words: confirmation.

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a settlement of a disagreement in which each side gives up something, or the result of such a settlement.

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A constitution is a set of rules that guides how a country, state, or other political organization works.

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The system of rules and the people who make and administer them is known as a government.