# data[].attributes.body
The Intel Core i5-1135G7 is a quad-core, mid-range SoC designed to be used in ultra-light laptops. The Tiger Lake-UP3 processor was introduced in September 2020. It features four Willow Cove CPU cores running at 2.4 GHz (base clock speed @ 28 W TDP) Boosting up to 4.2 GHz (1-core Boost). The all-core Boost clock speed sits at 3.8 GHz. This is a Hyper-Threading-enabled CPU, allowing for up to 8 concurrent processing threads.

KOH CHEN YAP
1221104823

# data[].attributes.headline
The following is a list of Intel Core i9 brand microprocessors. They were introduced in May 2017 for LGA 2066 chips, also known as Intel Core X-series processors.[1][2][3] With their high number of cores, high power draw, high thermal output, and high performance, they are intended to be used by enthusiasts. A mobile version based on the standard BGA1440 socket was released in 2018, featuring six hyperthreaded cores and 12 MB of cache. It has been proven to be able to attain 5 GHz under ideal conditions.[4]Logo since 2020The Core i9 brand was expanded to incorporate mainstream processors in October 2018, following the release of the Core i9-9900K processor, which uses Intel's mainstream consumer platform.[5]

# data[].attributes.subject
The following is a list of Intel Core i9 brand microprocessors. They were introduced in May 2017 for LGA 2066 chips, also known as Intel Core X-series processors.[1][2][3] With their high number of cores, high power draw, high thermal output, and high performance, they are intended to be used by enthusiasts. A mobile version based on the standard BGA1440 socket was released in 2018, featuring six hyperthreaded cores and 12 MB of cache. It has been proven to be able to attain 5 GHz under ideal conditions.[4]Logo since 2020The Core i9 brand was expanded to incorporate mainstream processors in October 2018, following the release of the Core i9-9900K processor, which uses Intel's mainstream consumer platform.[5]

# data[].attributes.body
1211105443
Lee min rong

# data[].attributes.body
•What are the charactistics ?
-Performance Specifications
Total Cores
1

-Processor Base Frequency
1.00 GHz

-Cache
256 KB L2 Cache

-Bus Speed
133 MHz

-TDP
29 W

-VID Voltage Range
1.75V

•Why is it better than Pentium ll
Clock to clock Tualatin Pentium 3 was a lot faster (i.e. a P3 got more done in each clock cycle than a P4)

•When it was created
Feb. 26, 1999

•Where/when?
marketed as Intel Pentium III Processor, informally PIII or P3

•How is different Pentium lll from Pentium ll
1 Pipeline Stages
Pentium ll: 14 (17 with load & store/retire)
Pentium lll:12 (15 with load & store/retire)
2.Max. Clock
Pentium ll:450 MHz
Pentium lll:450~1400 MHz
3. Architecture
Pentium ll:Intel's sixth-generation
Pentium lll:P6 microarchitecture

TEO SHIANG YIH
1221104844

# data[].attributes.body
*.Centrino is a brand name of Intel Corporation which represents its Wi-Fi and WiMAX wireless computer networking adapters. Previously the same brand name was used by the company as a platform-marketing initiative The change of the meaning of the brand name occurred on January 7, 2010. The Centrino was replaced by the Ultrabook

*.Introduced in March 2003
The product line includes Intel Centrino Wireless-N 1000, Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6200, Intel Centrino Ultimate-N 6300, and Intel Centrino Advanced-N + WiMAX 6250.
Intel Centrino is a brand name that was previously used by the company as a platform-marketing initiative. Now it is a brand name of Intel Corporation which represents its Wi-Fi and WiMAX wireless computer networking adapters.
*That systems equipped with these technologies delivered better performance, longer battery life and broader wireless network interoperability than non-Centrino systems. Intel Centrino
1221104866
L.M.Chamodi Navodya Silva

# data[].attributes.body
Pentium 4 is a series of single-core CPUs for desktops, laptops and entry-level servers manufactured by Intel. The processors were shipped from November 20, 2000 until August 8, 2008. All Pentium 4 CPUs are based on the NetBurst microarchitecture.

The Pentium 4 processor with Intel NetBurst technology is the first completely new desktop processor design from Intel since the Pentium Pro processor, with its P6 micro-architecture, was introduced in 1995.

Total Cores 1.

Processor Base Frequency 2.80 GHz.

Cache 512 KB L2 Cache.

Bus Speed 533 MHz.

FSB Parity No.

TDP 68.4 W.

The original “Willamenne” Pentium 4 is 32-bit processor. The improved “Northwood” Pentium 4 is also 32-bit processor. The later “Prescott” Pentium 4 is a 64-bit processor, but the 64-bit mode was initially disabled, meaning the early Prescotts could only work as a 32-bit processor.

Pentium 4 was a series of single-core central processing units (CPU) for desktop PCs and laptops. The series was designed by Intel and launched in November 2000. Pentium 4 clock speeds were over 2.0 GHz. Intel shipped Pentium 4 processors until August 2008.

The Pentium 4 can handily run Windows 7. The operating system's only CPU requirements are a clock speed of at least 1 GHz, support for 32- or 64-bit computing and the ability to support at least 1GB of RAM for 32-bit installations or 2GB of RAM for 64-bit installations.

Compare with Pentium III operates at 2.0 V to 1.45 V. Pentium 4 operates at 1.40 V to 1.25 V. This processor is available at Pentium III operates at 2.0 V to 1.45 V. Pentium 4 operates at 1.40 V to 1.25 V. This processor is available at operating frequencies of 450 MHz to 1.4 GHz. Clock speed of Pentium 4 varies from 1.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz.operating frequencies of 450 MHz to 1.4 GHz. Clock speed of Pentium 4 varies from 1.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz.

Clock-for-clock, Pentium 3 was vastly faster than P4. Many instructions on the P4 took more clock cycles to execute than the same instructions on the P3. Pentium 3 is a fairly more powerful processor with more cache memory and obviously more cores (virtual cores - known as hyper threading) , so more processing power.

Yu Ting Hui
1221105094

# data[].attributes.body
1. *

2. Quad core. (Intel Hyper-Threading Technology), (Intel Quick Path Technology), Integrated Memory Controller

3. *

4. The Nehalem architecture adopted in the Core i7 is an architecture developed from the core 2 architecture, but with a clear difference in its memory and input and output interfaces. The Core i7 processor was designed to include four cores on a single chip with a memory controller on it (previously the memory controller was outside the processor in the north bridge) and technology Point-to-point connection with the motherboard called QuickPath interconnect instead of the front-side-bus and the-hyper-threading technology

5. *

6. May 31, 2009.

7. *

8. i5-i7

11. Mobile | Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge | Ivy Bridge, Sandy Bridge

12. Cores | 4 or 2 | 4

13. L3 Cache | 6 or 3 MB | 8 MB

14. Socket | LGA 1156, rPGA-9884, or BGA-988A. | LGA 1156, rPGA-9884, or BGA-988A.i5i7

15. Mobile | Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge | Ivy Bridge, Sandy Bridge

16. Cores | 4 or 2 | 4

17. L3 Cache | 6 or 3 MB | 8 MB

18. Socket | LGA 1156, rPGA-9884, or BGA-988A. | LGA 1156, rPGA-9884, or BGA-988A.

said hasinou
1221104650

# data[].attributes.body
The Intel 8080 is the 8-bit microprocessor designed and manufactured by Intel.

Compared with the 4004's 2,300 transistors, the 8080 would end up with more than 4,500 transistors.

It first appeared in April 1974.

The 8080 is used in many early microcomputers, such as the MITS Altair 8800 Computer, Processor Technology SOL-20 Terminal Computer and IMSAI 8080 Microcomputer.

It could run at up to 2MHz.

Lim Kian Sern
1221105237

# data[].attributes.headline
AMD Ryzen™ 7000 Series Desktop Processors

# data[].attributes.subject
AMD Ryzen™ 7000 Series Desktop Processors

# data[].attributes.body
AMD Ryzen 7000 is the latest version of AMD Ryzen processor series which was release in  September 27, 2022. AMD offers the Ryzen 7000 Series with X3D cache which mean more cache for the processor.

One of the best selling AMD processor series model is AMD ryzen 5 7600 due to its pricing. $229 for a mid range cpu is good enough budget for standard pc user.

Ryzen 9 7950X reaching 5.7 GHz (the highest of the bunch), while the lowest is 5.1 GHz on the Ryzen 5 7600.

Ryzen 5 7600 is a 65W TDP cpu, which is standard usage for mid-end cpu.

Unlike the previous AMD Series which is the 5000 series, The 7000 Series used the new AM5 socket which required the latest AMD motherboard.

The processor technology is TSMC 5nm FinFET

It has 6 cpu cores and 12 thread which can provide maximum speed for your pc.

PCI Express® Version Used by the processor is PCIe® 5.0.

Plus, This new model also support the latest System Memory Type which is DDR5. Unlike DDR4, DDR5 will bring significant boost for your PC later in near future.

Conclusion, AMD Ryzen 5 7600 is worth buy and affordable for its value. Nowdays AMD cpu had even challenged its rival, Intel in terms of speed ad capabilities

KHAIRUL FIKRI BIN MOHD SA'AT
1221105180

# data[].attributes.body
1.Characteristic

Intel 80286 microprocessor called by intel 286.

Besides,80286 is having the same register with 8086.

It can reached clock speed 25Mhz and provided performance more than 4MPS although in the year of 1991.

enabled to address a 16MByte memory instead of just 1 MByte

PU with separate, non-multiplexed address and data buses and also the first with memory management and wide protection abilities.

2. 80286 is better than 8086 due to :

80286 is 24bit but 8086 us 20bit

80286 can access 224 = 16 MB memory but 8086 only can acess 2²⁰ = 1MB memory

80286 can operate frequency of 8MHz to 12.5MHz but 8086 only can operate 5MHz to 10MHz

80286 was 3.6 times faster than the 8086 at the same frequency

3.When it created :

80286 is created by intel at February 1,1982.

4.What does Intel 80286 contains:

134,000 transistors

consisted of four independent units

5.Devices that provided Intel 80286:

microwaves

DVD player

toasters

televisions,

VCRs

stoves

clothes washers,

stereo system

alarm clocks, hand-held game devices

Tan Suet Yee
1221104407

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-The i486 was announced at Spring Comdex in April 1989.It represents the fourth generation of binary compatible CPUs following the 8086 of 1978, the Intel 80286 of 1982, and 1985's i386.
-It was the first tightly-pipelined x86 design as well as the first x86 chip to include more than one million transistors. It offered a large on-chip cacheand an integrated floating-point unit.
-A typical 50 MHz i486 executes around 40 million instructions per second(MIPS), reaching 50 MIPS peak performance
-Max. CPU clock rate:16  to 100 MHz
-transistors:1.2–1.6 million
-It has an on-chip unified instruction and data cache, an on-chip floating-point unit(FPU) and an enhanced bus interface unit.
-Due to the tight pipelining, sequences of simple instructions (such as ALU reg,reg and ALU reg,im) could sustain single-clock-cycle throughput (one instruction completed every clock).

Differences between i386 and i486

An 8 KB on-chip (level 1) SRAM cache stores the most recently used instructions and data (16 KB and/or write-back on some later models). The i386 had no internal cache but supported a slower off-chip cache (not officially a level 2 cache because i386 had no internal level 1 cache).

An enhanced external bus protocol to enable cache coherency and a new burst mode for memory accesses to fill a cache line of 16 bytes within five bus cycles. The 386 needed eight bus cycles to transfer the same amount of data.

CPU/bus clock speed
-20, 25 MHz,33 MHz,50 MHz
L1 CACHE
-8 KB WT
BUS Width
-32-bits
Register size
-32-bits

Name:Tan Hui Qi
Student Id:1221104623

# data[].attributes.body
The 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor chip designed by Intel between early 1976 and June 8, 1978.

Different between microprocessor 8086 8085

-8086 Microprocessor is better than 8080 in size.since 8085 was just an 8-bits Microprocessor,wheres 8086 is 16-bits microprocessor

Size − 8085 is 8-bit microprocessor, whereas 8086 is 16-bit microprocessor.

Address Bus − 8085 has 16-bit address bus while 8086 has 20-bit address bus.

Memory − 8085 can access up to 64Kb, whereas 8086 can access up to 1 Mb of memory.

Instruction − 8085 doesn’t have an instruction queue, whereas 8086 has an instruction queue.

Pipelining − 8085 doesn’t support a pipelined architecture while 8086 supports a pipelined architecture.

I/O − 8085 can address 2^8 = 256 I/O's, whereas 8086 can access 2^16 = 65,536 I/O's.

Cost − The cost of 8085 is low whereas that of 8086 is high.

Feature of 8086 microprocessor

-It was the first 16-bit processor having 16-bit ALU, 16-bit registers, internal data bus, and 16-bit external data bus resulting in faster processing.

-It uses two stages of pipelining, i.e. Fetch Stage and Execute Stage, which improves performance.

-Fetch stage can prefetch up to 6 bytes of instructions and stores them in the queue.

-It has 256 vectored interrupts.
-It consists of 29,000 transistors

Wong Wei Li
1221105250

# data[].attributes.body
-introduced on May 7, 1997

- discontinued on December 26 , 2003

-a Pentium Pro with Intel’s MMX technology

-improved 16-bits code execution performance on the Pentium II

-featured 32 KB of L1 cache to compensate for the slower L2 cache

-64 bit data buses and 32 bit address buses

-size was always 512 KB

-ran at 233, 266, and 300 MHz and was produced in a 0.35 μm process

-packaged in a slot-based module rather than a CPU socket

-basically a more consumer-oriented version of the Pentium Pro

-cheaper to manufacture

-Has L1 and L2 cache memory

-Has 14-stage data pipeline for executing instructions

Eileen Chin
1221105047

# data[].attributes.body
Introduction

A sixth-generation x86 microprocessor developed and manufactured by Intel

Introduced on November 1, 1995.

Features of Pentium Pro Architecture:

32-bit processor

64 bit data bus

8 bytes of data information can be transferred to and from memory in a single bus cycle

A superscalar CISC processor with a RISC core.

Supports burst read and burst write back cycles

Supports pipelining

Instruction cache

Differences between Pentium and Pentium Pro
Pentium

the fifth-generation processor 80586

runs at a clock frequency of 60 MHz or 66 MHz.

Unified cache holds both instruction and data

The Pentium-Pro

sixth-generation processor and it is represented by the P6 family processors

processor’s clock speeds are 150, 166, 180 or 200 MHz with a 60 or 66 MHz external bus clock.

Separate cache is used for instruction and data which speeds up performance to processor is

WhyPentium Pro is better than pentium1
Pentium Pro processor had a faster L2cache on its dedicated cache bus.Besides,Pentium Pro processor runs faster than the Pentium processor.

1221104631
Angel Ng Khai Wei

# data[].attributes.body
Intel Pentium 1 is the first Pentium processor which is made at the year of 1993, March 22

The characteristic of Pentium 1 are

•Ran at 60 up to 300 MHz clock speeds,

•Used 3.1 million transistors, had 4 GB of addressable memory

• 32 bit processing speed

•Fast series bus up to 66 MHz

Pentium 1 is better than the 80486 is because

•It has a three times transistors compared to 80486

•Faster floating point calculations

•2% of faster data caches ( Pentium 1 is 16-32 KiB, 80486 is 8kb)

Difference between Pentium 1 and 80486

•80486 is 32-bit data bus while Pentium is 64-bit data bus

•80486 is only single integer pipeline while Pentium 1 is dual integer pipeline

Joshua Wong Yong
1221104903

# data[].attributes.body
This is the current microprocessor that I am using.
Here are some of it's Characteristics:

*   The Intel Core i7-1195G7 is a quad-core SoC from the Tiger Lake-UP3 product family designed for thin laptops and Ultrabooks that was introduced in 2021. It integrates four Willow Cove processor cores (8 threads thanks to Hyper-Threading). The i7-1195G7 is part of the Tiger Lake UP3 refresh and is the fastest CPU of the Tiger-Lake U line.

*    It is a 64-bit Processor

*    It is based on the new Cypress Cove microarchitecture, a variant of Sunny Cove

*    Furthermore, Tiger Lake SoCs supports four lanes of PCIe 4, AI hardware acceleration, and the partial integration of Thunderbolt 4/USB 4 and Wi-Fi 6E in the chip.

*   The 1195G7 integrates the Intel Iris Xe graphics adapter with 96 EUs clocked at 400 - 1400 MHz. The GPU and CPU can together use the 12 MB of L3 cache.

Performance Of i7 1195G7 :

*   The average 1195G7 in our database matches Intel Core i5-10300H in multi-thread performance while, perhaps surprisingly, lagging behind AMD Ryzen 3 5300U. The makes the i7 a decent lower mid-range option. It'll run most consumer-grade apps with virtually no delays or slowdowns making the vast majority of users happy.

Power consumption of i7 1195G7 :

*   This Core i7 has a default TDP of 12 W to 28 W, the expectation being that laptop manufacturers will go for a higher value in exchange for higher performance.The quad-core Intel CPU is built with Intel's 2nd generation 10 nm process marketed as SuperFin for decent, as of late 2022, energy efficiency.

When was it created ?
It was created in May 31st, 2021
Highlights:
1. Bus Speed: 4 GT/s
2.Total Cores: 4
3.Total Threads: 8

Name: Sheraz Farooq
Student ID: 1221104722

# data[].attributes.body
The Intel Pentium M processor is a family of mobile processors that was introduced in 2003 as a replacement for the previous mobile processors in the Intel Pentium III and Intel Pentium 4 lines. It was designed for use in laptops and other mobile devices, with a focus on power efficiency and longer battery life.

Here are some of the key characteristics of the Pentium 4 processor:

1. Clock Speed: The Pentium 4 processor was designed to operate at high clock speeds, initially ranging from 1.4 GHz to 2.0 GHz. Later versions of the processor could achieve clock speeds of up to 3.8 GHz.

2. NetBurst Microarchitecture: The Pentium 4 processor used a microarchitecture called NetBurst, which was designed to improve performance by increasing clock speeds and pipeline depth.

3. Hyper-Threading Technology: The Pentium 4 processor supported hyper-threading technology, which allowed it to run multiple threads simultaneously, resulting in better performance.

4. Large on-die cache: The Pentium 4 processor had a large on-die cache, which reduced the number of times the processor had to access system memory, resulting in improved performance.

5. SSE2 Instructions: The Pentium 4 processor introduced SSE2 instructions, which improved the performance of multimedia and other applications that made use of vector instructions.

6.  It is a 32-bit processor with a single   core

Why the Pentium 4 is much better than its predecessor, Intel 8080

- In comparison to the Intel 8080 processor, the Pentium 4 is significantly more powerful and advanced. The Pentium 4 was designed to operate at much higher clock speeds, support hyper-threading technology, and had a larger on-die cache. The Intel 8080 processor, on the other hand, was released in 1974 and had a maximum clock speed of 2 MHz, with a much smaller on-die cache.

When the Pentium 4 was created

- The Pentium 4 processor was created by Intel Corporation and was first released in November 2000. It was designed at Intel's headquarters in Santa Clara, California, USA. The Pentium 4 was the successor to the Pentium III processor and was designed by Intel engineers including Vinod Dham, Federico Faggin, and others.

Overall, the Pentium 4 processor was a significant improvement over its predecessors in terms of clock speed, microarchitecture, and instruction set, making it a popular choice for use in desktop computers. However, the Pentium 4 was eventually surpassed by newer processors, such as the Intel Core series, which offered better performance and power efficiency

Jeon Jun hee
1221104807

# data[].attributes.body
Designed to provide exceptional performance

Created in 2021 by Intel Corporation

Built on a 14nm process technology

Has a base clock speed of 3.5 GHz and a boost clock speed of 5.3 GHz

Comes with 8 cores and 16 threads

Has a TDP of 125W

Supports PCIe Gen 4.0 and DDR4-3200 memory

Includes Intel UHD Graphics 750, which is capable of handling 4K HDR content playback

Has Intel Turbo Boost Technology 2.0, which dynamically increases the clock speed of the processor

Features Intel Thermal Velocity Boost, which provides an additional boost to clock speed under certain conditions

Compared to previous generations, the 11th generation Intel Core processors offer improved performance, particularly in single-threaded applications, thanks to higher clock speeds and enhanced features like Intel Turbo Boost Technology and Intel Thermal Velocity Boost.

Wayne Gan Yu Wai
1221104485

# data[].attributes.body
The Intel 386, originally released as 80386 and later renamed i386, is a 32-bit microprocessor introduced in 1985.

Characteristic of 80386:

-multitasking
-memory management
-virtual memory (with or without paging)
-software protection
-have a large memory system

80386 better than 80286 because：

-The addressing capabilities increased from 16 MB to 4 gb (virtual memory )
-Cpu speed increased as the clock rate increased 13mhz
-32bit register instead of 16bit in 80286
-Virtual 86 mode

Diffences between 80286 & 80386 ：

-80386 operates at clock speed of 16 MHz to 33 MHz
-80286 has a 16-bit bus and a 24-bit address bus
-80386 has a 32-bit data bus and a 32-bit address bus
-80286 has 24-bit address lines and can able to access 224 = 16 MB of physical memory.

LIM XIN ROU
1221105138

# data[].attributes.headline
Class Discussion 1 - Various Microprocessor Technology

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Class Discussion 1 - Various Microprocessor Technology

# data[].attributes.body
Let's discuss this topic based on these 5 questions.
1. What are the characteristics?
2. Why is it better than ...?
3. When it was created?
4. Where / When?
5. How is it different from ....?
You can put pictures of the processor here.

Your name
Your student id